Clinical Profiles and Endoscopic Findings of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy in Nobel Medical College

Background: Colonoscopy is an invasive procedure used both diagnostically and therapeutically. Direct visualization and real-time image of entire large colon and distal terminal ileum makes it superior. Patients are unable to undergo colonoscopy because of the limitation in the developing country. Moreover, limited studies are available in our country regarding the colonic diseases. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2018. Approval was acquired from Institutional Review Committee. All patients undergoing colonoscopy in the hospital was included. After taking proper consent, bowel preparation, premedications, colonoscopy was performed, findings noted in pro-forma. Results: Of the total 176 patients 119 (67.60%) were male and 57 (32.40%) were female; mean age 46.98 ± 17.13 years. Indication for performing colonoscopy was chronic diarrhea in 58(33.0%), chronic abdominal pain in 47(26.70%). Significant lesion observed in 142 patients (80.68%); colitis with unspecified etiology in 69 (39.20%), ulcerative colitis in 28 (15.90%), crohn’s disease in 13(7.38%).Colitis was more in male 46(66.67%) and involving rectum was common. Pan-ulcerative colitis was common seen in 11patients (39.28%). Conclusion: Chronic diarrhoea and chronic abdominal pain were two common indications. Male patients were in higher prevalence opting for colonoscopy. Colitis of unspecified etiology of rectum and ileo-cecal region was most common finding. Ulcerative colitis involving whole of colon and younger age group was predominantly affected.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pharmacovigilance among Doctors at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Birgunj, Nepal

Med Phoenix ◽

10.3126/medphoenix.v6i1.36681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Smita Singh ◽

Deependra Prasad Sarraf ◽

Prabin Singh ◽

Pragati Poudyel

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Medical College ◽

National Medical

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance helps in the detection and prevention of adverse effects of drugs. For the effectiveness of this program, health care professionals should report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) considering it as their moral and professional obligation. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the doctors towards ADRs and pharmacovigilance in National Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the Narayani zone. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of four parts; first part included a demographic profile of participants, the second part consisted of ten questions for the assessment of the knowledge about pharmacovigilance, third part comprised of six questions on attitude and fourth part consisted of five questions on practice. The results were depicted in the form of percentages for each KAPs questionnaire. Results: The response rate of participants was 85.16%. Pharmacovigilance was correctly defined by 52%. Department of drug administration was responsible for monitoring ADRs in Nepal was correctly given by 80%. Only 8% had reported ADRs, although 62% had encountered an ADR in their clinical practice. Conclusion: The doctors at NMCTH had a poor KAP towards pharmacovigilance and educational intervention is needed for the proper functioning of this program.

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Knowledge of Pressure Ulcer Management among Nurses

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v9i2.17869 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nisha Shrestha ◽

P Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Pressure Ulcer ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Experience Education

Background: Pressure ulcer (PU) development remains a significant complication among at-risk patients. It is considered “never events” because they are preventable and should “never” happen. It has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital cost and length of stay in the hospital. Prevention of pressure ulcers is considered a nurse-sensitive indicator hence nurses should have adequate knowledge about current evidence-based prevention and management of pressure ulcer. However, non adherence to these guidelines is frequent and lack of knowledge may act as barriers to using guidelines in clinical practice.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to 1. assess the knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 2. determine the level of knowledge of pressure ulcer management among nurses 3. assess the association of knowledge of nurses and baseline variables.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, using pretested self administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge on pressure ulcer management among purposively selected 100 nurses working in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital in 2015. Descriptive statistics as frequency and percentage were used and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) was done to find out association between knowledge and selected baseline variables.Results: The study revealed that 59% of the respondents had adequate knowledge where as 41% of nurse’s knowledge was found to be inadequate. Significant association was not found between age, working ward, experience, education, training, duration and knowledge of pressure ulcer management among Nurses.Conclusion: This result indicates that more than half of the nurses had the adequate knowledge but there is still need of education and training related pressure ulcer management.Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVolume, 09, Number 2, July December 2016, Page: 47-51

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Prevalence of Neurocysticercosis among Seizure patients: - Single Center Study

Eastern Green Neurosurgery ◽

10.3126/egn.v2i1.27454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Dinesh Kumar Thapa ◽

Pankaj Raj Nepal ◽

Karuna Tamrakar Karki

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clonic Seizure ◽

Seizure Disorder ◽

Common Finding ◽

Absence Seizure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perilesional Edema

Background and purpose: The incidence of Epilepsy is high all over Nepal. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the incidence of seizure and neurocysticercosis (NCC) among patients admitted to our hospital in Far Eastern Nepal. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients diagnosed as NCC with a seizure disorder in B & C Medical College Teaching, from September 2017 to August 2018. Neurocysticercosis was diagnosed based on Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical features and laboratory investigations matching Del Brutto’s absolute and major criteria. Result: 103 patients were admitted to the hospital with clinical features of seizure disorder. Neurocysticercosis was diagnosed in 29(28%) patients. Among them, 21(72.41%) were males and 8(27.59%) were females. Patients presented with Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) were 18(62%) and 3(10.35%) patients had focal seizures. Focal Seizure with secondary generalization (FSSG) was seen in 5(17%), 2(7%) had status epilepticus and 1(3.45%) patient had presented with absence seizure. Most of the patients 18(62%) had a calcified stage of NCC with perilesional edema in neuroimaging. Phenytoin was the most commonly used intravenous antiepileptic drug (AED) followed by Levetiracetam and Sodium Valproate. Carbamazepine was the most common oral AED used. Conclusion: NCC is the most common finding among seizure patients admitted to our hospital. The incidence of NCC is high in Eastern Nepal. Poor hygiene, insanitation, low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness were the key factors in spreading NCC.

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Knowledge of Vitamin D among First-year Medical Undergraduate Students of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.6196 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (235) ◽

Author(s):

Pratibha Manandhar ◽

Naresh Manandhar ◽

Sunil Kumar Joshi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

First Year ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Medical Undergraduate ◽

Medical Undergraduate Students

Introduction: Vitamin D also known as the sunshine vitamin, helps in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. It is estimated that one billion people in the world have vitamin D deficiency making it a public health problem. The objective of this study is to find out the knowledge regarding vitamin D among first-year medical undergraduate students of a medical college. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from 2nd February 2020 to 15th February 2020 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot among medical undergraduate students of a medical college. Ethical clearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (Reference Number: 2812201809). A structured self-designed multiple-choice questionnaire on vitamin D knowledge was used. Convenient sampling method was applied and statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version. Results: Out of total 157 undergraduate medical students, 21 (13.3%) exhibited good knowledge, 116 (73.9.8%) had average, and 20 (12.8%) had poor knowledge. There were 83 (52.9%) Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students, 39 (24.8%) were Bachelor of Dental Surgery and 35 (22.3%) were Nursing students. Conclusions: We found a satisfactory level of knowledge of vitamin D among first-year undergraduate medical students of a medical college when compared to similar studies. The majority of students from all three disciplines had average knowledge of vitamin D.

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A Pattern of Age-related Macular Degeneration

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.184 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (175) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suprada Pokhrel ◽

O K Malla ◽

C L Pradhananga ◽

S N Joshi

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

College Teaching ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Age Related ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Number Of Individuals

Introduction: Age related macular degeneration is a disorder of the macula most often clinicallyapparent affecting central vision and is one of the leading causes of blindness in the populationabove 50 years. The aim of this study is to determine clinical profi le of AMD in Nepalese presentingto a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu.Methods: It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The subjects included in the study were thosepresenting to the Ophthalmology department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospitalfrom July 2007- Dec 2007.The total number of individuals included in the study were 402 and totalnumber of eyes were 804.Results: AMD was observed in 5.2% out of 402 subjects of 40 years and above age group withprevalence increasing with age. The prevalence of AMD was 0.7% within 40-50 years of age-groupindividuals increasing to 2.6% in 51-60 years, 6.5% in 61-70 years and to 19.3% among subjectsabove 71 years. This study revealed that the prevalence of AMD in females was higher with femalepreponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. 52.5 % AMD subjects in our study had visual impairment with 6/24-6/60 vision and 15% had vision <3/60-PL. Our study revealed statistically signifi cant increased riskfor AMD with aging (p=0.00). Increased risk was observed in female gender and diabetics though theOdds ratio (OR) was statistically insignifi cant (p=>0.01).Conclusions: Prevalence of AMD in Nepalese presenting to Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital was 5% with female preponderance in ratio of 2.5:1. Aging showed statistically signifi cantincreased risk for AMD development in this study.Key Words: Age-related macular degeneration, blindness, Nepalese, prevalence

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Pattern of superficial venous arrangement in cubital fossa among preclinical Nepalese MBBS students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v12i10.39248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Sanjib Kumar Sah ◽

Sidarth Timsinha ◽

Raju Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Rajesh Kumar Shah ◽

Umesh Kumar Mehta

Keyword(s):

College Teaching ◽

Venous Access ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽

Cubital Fossa ◽

The Right

Background: The superficial veins of the cubital fossa are frequently variable in existence and arrangement. Many clinical procedures, such as reconstructive microsurgery and arterial bypass surgery, as well as intravenous injections or therapy, require the use of superficial veins. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and describe the variations in anatomical distribution of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa in Nepalese pre-clinical medical students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 98 students between 18 to 24 years of age. A total of 196 anterior aspects of both arms were examined for cubital venous pattern. A tourniquet was applied at the mid-arm and drawing of the pattern of veins was made on a separate unglazed paper. The venous patterns in the cubital fossa were then categorized based on their gender. Results: Six patterns of superficial veins of the cubital fossa were observed. The commonest pattern in both genders was type I pattern. No statistical significant difference was observed between patterns of superficial veins on the right and left cubital fossa (P = 0.728 and 0.825 respectively) in both male and female subjects. Conclusion: Our research showed six venous patterns of superficial veins at the cubital fossa in Nepalese population. Understanding the common anatomy, patterns and variations of superficial vein anastomosis is imperative as this knowledge would help those needing venous access for various medical procedures.

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Prevalence of Perinatal Asphyxia in Neonates at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (219) ◽

Author(s):

Sunil Raja Manandhar ◽

Rydam Basnet

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of perinatal and early neonatal mortality in developing countries. The main objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia in babies born at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital over six month period (January to June 2019). All preterm, term and post term babies delivered at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital were included. Ethical clearance was received from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref.:2812201808). Convenient sampling method was applied. Data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 18), point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: A total of 1284 babies delivered over six months period were enrolled in this study and 47 (3.66 %) babies were asphyxiated, at 95% Confidence Interval (2.64%-4.68%). The mean birth weight of asphyxiated babies was 2759.75±65 grams and gestational age was 37.57±2 weeks. Among asphyxiated babies, 15 (32%) babies were normal, 15 (32%) babies were in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy stage I, 14 (30%) were in stage II and 3 (6%) were in stage III. Twenty Three (49%) asphyxiated babies had antenatal risk factors and all 47 babies had intrapartum risk factors leading to asphyxia. Conclusions: Prevalence of perinatal asphyxia was lower compared to that of other similar tertiary care hospitals. Perinatal asphyxia remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

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A Comparative Study of Oxytocin & Misoprostol in Active Management of Third Stage of Labour

Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College ◽

10.3126/jngmc.v12i1.13401 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 22-24

Author(s):

N Ansari ◽

CR Das

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Active Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Third Stage ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Introduction: The third stage of labour is the period which follows the completed delivery of the foetus and consists of delivery of the placenta and its attached membranes.Aims and objectives: Comparison of oxytocin & misoprostol in active management of third stage of labour.Material and Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from March 2013 to March 2014. Group A - Oxytocin 10 IU IV bolus in 100 patients and Group B - Misoprostol 600 micro gram rectally. The collected were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 15.Results: After active management with bolus oxytocin, the blood loss was grossly reduced being 40-100ml in 84% cases and only 7% had blood loss more than 100ml. blood loss between 200-300ml were only 6% and only 3% had PPH, after misoprostol 80% of cases had blood loss within 40 – 100 ml., 6% cases had blood loss within 100 – 200 ml. and larger amount of blood loss i.e. between 200 – 300 ml. was observed in 7% cases, in 3% cases blood loss was between 300 – 400 ml. and 4% of women in this group had PPH.Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of oxytocin and misoprostol in reducing amount of blood loss and duration of labour rd in 3 stage of labour.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.12(1) 2014: 22-24

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No association between abdominal pain and Dientamoeba in Dutch and Belgian children

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2018-316383 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (7) ◽

pp. 686-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martijn Ramon Brands ◽

Els Van de Vijver ◽

Sjoukje Marije Haisma ◽

Anke Heida ◽

Patrick Ferry van Rheenen

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Reference Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Community Based ◽

Faecal Calprotectin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Healthy Community

ObjectiveTo study the association between Dientamoebafragilis colonisation and faecal calprotectin to see whether the parasite is a harmless commensal or a gut pathogen.DesignCross-sectional study of previously collected stool samples.Setting and patientsTwo hundred stool samples originated from children aged 5–19 years with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhoea, who were seen in paediatric clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium and in whom somatic gastrointestinal disorders were excluded. Another 122 samples came from a healthy community-based reference population of the same age. All stool samples were analysed with real-time PCR for the detection of D. fragilis and with an ELISA for calprotectin—a biomarker of gastrointestinal inflammation.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of D. fragilis colonisation and results of stool calprotectin testing.ResultsD. fragilis was detected in 45% (95% CI 38% to 51%) of patients and in 71% (95% CI 63% to 79%) of healthy children. Median (IQR) concentrations of calprotectin in patients and healthy children with a positive PCR result were not different from those with a negative PCR result (40 (40–55) μg/g vs 40 (40–75) μg/g, respectively).ConclusionSince D. fragilis colonisation is most prevalent in healthy children and is not associated with an increase in faecal calprotectin concentration, our data do not support the inference that D. fragilis is a pathogenic parasite. Routinely testing for D. fragilis in children with chronic abdominal pain should therefore be discouraged.

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Sleep Pattern and Problems in Young Children Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Sleep Disorders ◽

10.1155/2020/8846288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Shrijana Pandey ◽

Shristi Bhattarai ◽

Anwesh Bhatta

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Night Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Sleep Parameters ◽

Waking Up

Background. Sleep is an important parameter of a child’s growth and development. The pattern and duration of sleep varies with age. Sleep problems are a common occurrence during childhood days, and these problems that establish in childhood are presumed to continue later in life. Many times, parental concerns regarding their child’s sleep problems like difficulty in putting to sleep, frequent night time awakening, and waking up early are overlooked during their visits to the hospital. Objective. The aim of this study was to find out the sleep patterns and problems of children aged six to thirty-six months. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the pediatric outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from October, 2019 till March, 2020. Two hundred and forty-nine respondents were chosen purposively and were given questionnaires to be filled out. Research instrument was a standard, Nepali version of a structured questionnaire called Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) which contained questions related to sleep parameters and sleep problems existing among young children of 6-36 months. Mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results. The mean duration of total sleep was 12.12 ± 2.00 hours, while that of night sleep was 9.22 ± 1.19 hours and mean daytime nap was 2.90 ± 1.66 hours. Most of the children (96%) coslept with their parents, and 55% of the children had feeding as a bedtime ritual. Overall, 19.6% of the children had sleep problems as identified by BISQ although only 5.6% of the parents perceived that their children had it. Conclusions. Sleep problems were present among young Nepalese children included in our study, and sleep assessment should be a part of every health checkup for children.

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