scholarly journals Comparison of Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain with standard Papanicolaou stain for cervical smear

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Sujata Pudasaini ◽  
Rakesh Pathak ◽  
Kricha Pande ◽  
Shraddha Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Staining Time

Background: After the first evolution of Papanicolaou smear, it has been successfully used to screen cervical cancer. With modifications in the staining method of Pap stain, the lesser staining time and unequivocal cell morphology has been achieved by Ultrafast Papanicolaou stain. The aim of this study is to compare the UFP stain and SP stain in cervical pap smears on the basis of background, cell morphology, nuclear details and overall staining.Materials and methods: This is a prospective hospital based study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of six months (January 2017 to June 2017). Cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology is subjected to Standard papanicolaou (SP) stain and Ultrafast papanicolaou (UFP) stain for comparison.Results:  Total of 368 cervical pap smears were subjected to SP stain and UFP stain. Mean age of the patient was 36.57+-10.06 years. The quality of UFP stain was assessed by considering the background, cell morphology, nuclear details and overall staining. Difference in regards to the interpretation and background was not significant when SP stain was compared to UFP stain. However, cell morphology, nuclear details and overall staining were far better in smears stained with UFP stain.Conclusion: Pap smear is the simple and effective screening tool for cervical lesions. With modifications in staining method and introduction of UFP stain, the result is lesser staining time and excellent morphological quality. Hence, UFP stain has become the choice of stain and can be used on a regular basis.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

scholarly journals A correlation study of cervical cytology on Pap smear with cervical biopsy in a tertiary hospital of Eastern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Author(s):  
Nirajan Mainali ◽  
Neha Homagai ◽  
Niraj Nepal ◽  
Prabesh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Cervical Biopsy

Background: Carcinoma cervix is among a curable cancer, if identified at an early stage. Pap smear is a simple, safe, noninvasive, outdoor and effective method for detection of lesions of the cervix but it fails to localize the lesion. Cervical biopsy, on the other hand is a gold standard but invasive technique.Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was done in Nobel medical college from January 16, 2017 to January 15, 2018 where all pap smears received in a Department of Pathology were included in the study. However, only cases that had undergone both Pap smear and cervical biopsy were compared. Out of the 1492 pap smears, 118 cases underwent biopsy. Correlation was then done regarding cytological and histological diagnosis.Results: Majority of the cytological findings were normal. 7 patients of HSIL revealed moderate dysplasia and higher lesions in biopsy. 2 cases were that of adenocarcinoma which were diagnosed as inflammatory smear in Pap smear.Conclusion: Cervical Pap smear is reliable screening test to identify high grade squamous cell lesions and carcinoma, but it fails to localize the lesion and adenocarcinoma is hard to identify in a pap smear. Hence, cervical biopsy should be carried out to confirm the findings of Pap smear and in case of strong clinical suspicion.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Modalities of Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions with Special Emphasis on CD31 Angiogenesis Factor as a Marker

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandana Sharma ◽  
Neetu Singh ◽  
Neena Gupta ◽  
Pavika Lal ◽  
Shefali Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Angiogenesis Factor ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Objectives. To evaluate the role of angiogenesis tumor marker CD31 in the detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions and to compare its efficacy with colposcopy and histopathology. Materials and Methods. 230 patients with a suspicious looking cervix and an abnormal Pap smear attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of GSVM Medical College were subjected to a colposcopic examination. 180 patients with suspected colposcopic findings were subjected to a colposcopic directed biopsy. Biopsy tissues were sent for histopathological examination out of which 50 biopsied samples were sent for immunostaining of CD-31. Statistical analysis was done. Results. Comparison of microvessel density (MVD) count by haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunostaining of CD31 in preinvasive group were and , respectively, and in invasive group were and , respectively, which showed that MVD was higher by CD31 both in preinvasive and invasive group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion. Angiogenesis is a marker of tumor progression, and CD31 fixes up vessel better as compared to HE, so aggressiveness of the tumor can be better predicted by MVD-CD31 as compared to MVD-HE.

scholarly journals Breakthroughs and Issues in HPV Genital Infections in relation to Cervical Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Farhat Hussain ◽  
Khairun Nahar ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Mahbuba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Neoplastic Process

The field of cervical cancer prevention is rapidly evolving because of identification of the cause of disease. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the association applies equally to both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma and is consistent worldwide. HPV 16 and 18 together attribute 70% of world's cervical cancer. HPV is highly prevalent among sexually active women and traceable in its natural history with technology that can detect HPV DMA at all stages of infection and neoplastic process. HPV DMA testing represents the scientifically obvious next step after Pap test for secondary prevention. A clinically validated and FDA approved HPV test has proven a substantial gain in sensitivity with a limited loss in speciality as compared to the standard Pap smear. We are now in the fortunate position of having two highly promising HPV vaccines in the pipeline. These vaccines today represent new hope for protection against cervical cancer, pre-cancerous cervical lesions and other HPV related condition for the current generation of adolescents, for the young and middle aged women as well as for the future generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12163 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.27-30

scholarly journals Cytohistological correlation of conventional Papanicolaou smears in cervical neoplasia at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479
Author(s):  
Anuj Poudel ◽  
Prahar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Biopsy

Background: Conventional Cervical Cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening test. The incidence of cervical carcinoma is incredibly high in developing countries due to lack of proper knowledge. The extensive use of cervical screening with Papanicolau smears had considerably increased the detection of precancerous and cancerous lesion of uterine cervix. Study was conducted to evaluate cytohistological correlation and to calculate concordance and discordance of Pap smear in detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 samples reported in Pap smear as cervical intraepithelial lesions and suspicious for invasive malignancies were selected and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings. It was an observational study done for a period of 18 months from November 2016 to May 2018 at UCMS-TH. All the statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: During the study period 54 cases were evaluated. Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance was the common abnormal findings in the Pap smear with frequency of 26 (48.1%). Out of total 54 cases of Pap smears, 30 (55.55%) were concordant while discrepancies occurred in 24(44.44%) cases with cervical biopsy. Conclusions: The study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and cervical biopsy. We also concluded that conventional Pap smear is a cost effective test for the early detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.

scholarly journals An Audit of Pap Smear Cytology

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harendra Kumar ◽  
Aparna Narasimha ◽  
B Vasavi ◽  
M Sapna
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Atypical Cells

ABSTRACT Introduction Cervicovaginal cytology (Pap test) is the commonly used tool for screening of cervical cancers. Its accurate interpretation depends on obtaining adequately cellular samples prepared to a high standard. Its accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be seriously compromised by inadequate samples. Aim To audit the adequacy of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical cancer. Study design Pap smears reported were retrieved from the hospital records and data were analyzed. Histopathology correlation done for abnormal pap smears. Results A total of 1,531 cases were reported; 1,157 (75.57%) cases were adequate and 374 (24.42%) inadequate. Qualitative inadequacy included inadequate fixation and poor quality of staining 10 (2.67%), drying artefacts 15 (4.10%), broken slides five (1.33%). Quantitative inadequacy was sampling errors — lack of junctional component 186 (49.73%), presence of inflammation 138 (36.89%) and blood 20 (5.34%). 998 (86.25%) were labeled as negative. About 159 (13.74%) cases showed epithelial cell abnormalities. Cytohistological correlation revealed significant discrepancy. The majority of these were carcinomas that were misdiagnosed as atypical cells. Conclusion Cytopathologists or clinicians must be adequately trained, experienced and subject to regular audit. Reporting of atypical cells needs to be addressed with more stringent training of cytopathologists.

scholarly journals High-risk Human Papillomavirus (16, 18) are not the most common genotypes associated with cervical pre-cancer lesions: a retrospective study at a University Hospital in the Eastern-Province of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Kussaibi ◽  
Reem Al Dossary ◽  
Ayesha Badar ◽  
Aroub Omar Muammar ◽  
Raghad Ibrahim Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

AbstractObjectiveHigh-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer, especially cervical cancer. The prevalence of high-risk HPV associated with cervical lesions is not well- known in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to highlight the genotypes of high-risk HPV associated with pre- malignant cervical lesions.MethodsOver 6 years (2013 - 2018), 5091 Pap (Papanicolaou) smears results and 170 high-risk HPV test results were collected from the Information System at King Fahd University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).ResultsOut of 5091 Pap smears, only 1.89% (n=96) were abnormal; 0.18% (n=9) were malignant (7 Squamous cell carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas), while 1.7% (n=87) showed pre-cancerous lesions, 44 ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), 17 LSIL (Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), 12 HSIL (High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), and 14 AGC (Atypical Glandular Cells). Out of 170 patients co-tested for high-risk HPV, only 13.5% (n=23/170) had positive results (5 cases were positive for HPV16, 1 case was positive for both HPV16 and 18, while the remaining 17 cases were positive for high-risk HPV other than 16 or 18), among them, 6.47% (n=11/170) had normal Pap smear, while 7.06% (n=12/170) patients had abnormal Pap smear; 4 ASCUS, 6 LSIL and 2 HSIL. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between HPV findings and the Pap smear results (P- value 0.000), however, no significant correlation was found with the patients’ age and/or nationality.DiscussionOur study showed a unique distribution of high-risk HPV genotypes which reflects different geographical infection patterns. Furthermore, the high association of high-risk HPV with normal Pap smears highlights the need, for all women at risk, to be co-investigated for high-risk HPV. These findings could help in customizing regional vaccine-combinations and screening programs.

scholarly journals Comparative study of pap smear and colposcopy guided biopsy in a district medical college

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Bhanu Rekha Subramanyam ◽  
Hemasree Garlapati
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Guided Biopsy ◽  
District Hospitals

Background: Cancer cervix is the second most gynaecological and in India, one in fifty women suffer with cancer cervix and hence intense screening is mandatory.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in SVS Medical College, a district tertiary centre. 100 women who presented to gynaecology outpatient department who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were subjected to pap smear and colposcopic guided biopsy. The data was correlated and compared to critically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy versus Pap smear in the early detection of dysplasia.Results: Colposcopy has far better sensitivity than Pap smear and almost negligible difference in specificity.Conclusions: Colposcopy is definitely more sensitive and accurate than pap smear and can be included as the primary screening in district hospitals as a primary screening tool in detecting cancer cervix.

scholarly journals Análise dos resultados do último laudo citopatológico de pacientes com Papanicolaou em atraso

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael De Souza Maciel ◽  
Francisco Jardsom Moura Luzia ◽  
Diego Da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Maria Charlianne de Lima Pereira Silva ◽  
Davide Carlos Joaquim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Pap Tests ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Infecciones De Transmisión Sexual

Objetivo: Analisar os resultados do último laudo citopatológico de pacientes com o exame Papanicolaou em atraso. Metodologia: Estudo documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no município de Redenção–CE. Foram explorados 660 prontuários de mulheres com idade entre 25 e 64 anos. Para análise foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central e frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: O número de mulheres que nunca haviam realizado o exame Papanicolaou foi de 44,7% e as que haviam realizado, mas estavam em atraso, foi de 55,3%. A presença de células metaplásicas foi menos frequente (38,6%). Entre agentes infecciosos, houve prevalência dos resultados sugestivos de Gardnerella vaginalis e Mobiluncus (14,9%), Cândida sp (3,9%) e Trichomonas vaginalis (1,1%).  Os laudos indicaram presença de alterações celulares pré-malignas e malignas. Conclusão: Esta análise poderá motivar a implementação da busca de pacientes com exame atrasado, especialmente das que apresentam alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível ou alteração celular pré-maligna ou maligna.Descritores: Neoplasias do Colo do Útero; Teste de Papanicolaou; Programas de Rastreamento; Atenção Primária à Saúde, Enfermagem.ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE LAST CYTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAM OF PATIENTS WITH DELAYED PAP SMEARObjective: To analyze the results of the last cytopathological report of patients with delayed Pap smear. Methodology: Documentary, retrospective study with quantitative approach, conducted in the city of Redenção-CE, from April to September 2018. Were explored 660 medical records of women aged 25 to 64 years. For analysis, measures of central tendency and absolute and relative frequencies were used. Results: The number of women who had never had the Pap smear was 44,7%, and those who had been submitted but were delayed were 55,3%. The presence of metaplastic cells was less frequent (38,6%). Among infectious agents, there was a prevalence of suggestive results of Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus (14,9%), Candida sp (3,9%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (1,1%). The reports indicated the presence of premalignant and malignant cellular alterations. Conclusion: There are a large number of women with delayed Pap tests and a deficiency in the quality of the tests, indicated by the absence of metaplastic tissue. This should motivate the active search of patients to interrupt the chain of transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections and to treat cervical lesions early, reducing the chances of progression.KEYWORDS: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Papanicolaou Test, Mass Screening, Primary Health Care, Nursing. ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS DEL ÚLTIMO EXAMEN CITOPATOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES CON PAPANICOLAOU EN RETRASOObjetivo: Analizar resultados del último examen citopatológico de pacientes con Papanicolaou en retraso. Metodología: Estudio documental, retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en la ciudad de Redenção-CE, de abril a septiembre de 2018. Fueron explorados 660 prontuarios de mujeres de 25 a 64 años. Para el análisis, se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El número de mujeres que nunca se habían hecho la prueba de Papanicolaou fue del 44,7%, y las que se sometieron, pero estában en retraso, fueron 55,3%. La presencia de células metaplásicas fue menos frecuente (38,6%). Entre los agentes infecciosos, hubo una prevalencia de resultados sugestivos de Gardnerella vaginalis y Mobiluncus (14,9%), Candida sp (3,9%) y Trichomonas vaginalis (1,1%). Los informes indicaron presencia de alteraciones celulares premalignas y malignas. Conclusión: Hoy una gran cantidad de mujeres con pruebas de Papanicolaou retrasadas y una deficiencia en la calidad de los exámenes, indicada por la ausencia de tejido metaplásico. Esto debería motivar la búsqueda activa de pacientes para interrumpir la cadena de transmisión de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y para tratar las lesiones cervicales temprano, reduciendo las posibilidades de progresión.PALABRAS-CLAVE: Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino, Prueba de Papanicolaou, Tamizaje Masivo, Atención Primaria de Salud, Enfermería.

scholarly journals Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pudasaini ◽  
KBR Prasad ◽  
SK Rauniyar ◽  
R Pathak ◽  
K Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide and most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. Papanicolaou smear is a simple and cost effective screening test for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The interpretation and reporting of the pap smear is based on 2001Bethesda system.Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of two and a half years (January 2013 to June 2015). All cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology in the study period were included.Results: A total of 4160 cervical pap smears were reported in the study period. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (87.9%). Bacterial vaginosis, atrophy and reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were seen in 5.3%, 2.4% and 1.5% cases respectively.   Epithelial cell abnormalities (0.5%) include Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and High grade intraepithelial lesion. 88% of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was seen in reproductive age group (20-45 years).Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap smear is the simple and cost effective screening tool to detect pre invasive cervical epithelial lesions.

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