scholarly journals Handling Pattern of Pesticides in Vegetables: A Case Study of Bhaktapur

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Naba Raj Budhathoki ◽  
Pushpa Raj Acharya ◽  
Dhruva Karki
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Data Frequency ◽  
Vegetable Farm

This research work explores handling practices of pesticides used in vegetables on the part of farmers in Bhaktapur. Specifically, it attempts to investigate the contribution of pesticides applicators to overall mishandling of pesticides. Data for this work were collected in 2018 from four locations of Bhaktapur. Primary data were collected from 123 vegetable farmers and direct observation of 42 vegetable farms based in the selected zones using questionnaire. Discussions with experts and pilot study with farmers were conducted to improve the questionnaire and provide factual data. Frequency distributions, Means, Chi-square tests were utilised for data analysis. The results of the study show that vegetable farmers were applying pesticides, without caring much about the others, in vegetable production. They frequently depended upon local sellers and neighbours to choose the best pesticide to apply. On average, pesticide handling practices at any point seemed inappropriate. Factors that influence farmers' handling practices include education, training and practical consciousness. The study indicated that vegetable farm women have higher level of exposure of pesticide risking a long term health impacts. The results of the study underscore the need of educational interventions for promoting safety during each step of pesticide handling and the responsibility of the farmers towards the society.

scholarly journals Tüketicilerin Sosyo-ekonomik Nitelikleri ile Çevre Bilinci Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Çevre Dostu Gıda Ürünlerini Satın Almalarında etkili olan Faktörler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303
Author(s):  
Yusuf Çakmakçı ◽  
Harun Hurma
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Label Information ◽  
Data Frequency

This study examined whether there is a relationship between the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of consumers while purchasing food products and the level of environmental awareness and environmental consciousness. In addition, the factors affecting consumers' trust in environmentally friendly food products were examined. The data of the study were obtained from the questionnaires made with 171 people in the district of Süleymanpaşa in Tekirdağ. In the evaluation of the obtained data, frequency distributions, chi-square, and factor analyses were used. In the results of the research, it determined that the level of environmental friendliness of consumers in their general consumption habits differs according to their age, education, having children under the age of 10, monthly income level, monthly food expenditure level. Consumers over the age of 36 were found to be more environmentally sensitive than other consumers. Similarly, consumers with undergraduate and higher education were found to be more environmentally friendly than those who have under undergraduate education. On the other hand, factor analysis was applied to 11 variables that affect the confidence level of consumers for food products produced with environmentally friendly and human health sensitive production methods. 11 variables were grouped under 3 factors as “Legal regulations and promotion efforts”, “Certificates and label information” and “Product awareness”. When evaluated from this point of view, it revealed that certificates and label information are very important as well as legal regulations in increasing the reliability of environmentally friendly food products in the eyes of consumers. However, it is understood that the environmental attitudes of consumers should also be taken into account in consumer-oriented studies in the food products market today.

The impact of cooperative participation on income: the case of vegetable production in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giang Thi Huong Tran ◽  
Teruaki Nanseki ◽  
Yosuke Chomei ◽  
Ly Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe demand for clean vegetables has rapidly increased, many farmers gradually turn to vegetable cultivation to increase income; therefore, agricultural cooperative mobilized farmers group to facilitate them access to technical training and enhance compliance with the Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices (VietGAP) standards. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of the participation on farmer’s income as well as the major factors that affect the participation in cooperatives by the vegetable farmers in Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachThe study used primary data collected from vegetable farmers in Vietnam. This study utilized propensity score matching to avoid initial selection bias. The differences between participants and nonparticipants will be adjusted by matching each membership individual to a nonmember based on similar observable characteristics by summarizing the conditional probability of a member given pretreatment characteristics.FindingsThis study demonstrates that participation in cooperatives is significantly affected by ethnicity, age of household head, labor involving vegetable production and extension service access. The results of this study also confirm that agricultural cooperatives have positive effects on member farmers to enhance income and that participants – on average – have a higher income than nonparticipants.Research limitations/implicationsThe method cannot rule out the possibility of selection bias due to unobserved differences between participants and even an appropriate comparison group.Originality/valueThis study contributes to an improved understanding about impacts of cooperatives on farmers’ income in developing and emerging economies. Moreover, research also upgrades knowledge regarding the effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam, as well as guides policymakers in supporting the cooperatives in expanding the market and other necessary changes.

scholarly journals Effect of socio-economic characteristics of greenhouse farmers on vegetable production in Ogun state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waisu Oyediran ◽  
Ayodeji Motunrayo Omoare ◽  
Adelayo Adefunke Shobowale ◽  
Adebisi O Onabajo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

In Nigeria, vegetable production is adversely affected by climate change, pest and diseases attack and unfavourably environmental condition which have made resourceful farmers and government to embark on vegetable production under greenhouse technology. Hence, this study was conducted to assess socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology for sustainable vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) vegetable farmers were purposively selected for this study while descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the respondents were 32 – 40 years of age; predominantly male (90.8%), and had formal education (28.3%). Socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology includes increased yield (94.3%), available supplies all the year round (85.7%), cluster marketing formation (72.9%), higher income generation (75.7%), and rural development (91.4%). Paradoxically, greenhouse vegetable production has not been widely spread due to difficult to establish it by individuals and high cost of construction (98.3%); it is too expensive for the low peasant vegetable farmers (86.7%); and awareness of greenhouse vegetable is low in the public markets (85.8%). So also, chi-square results showed that significant relationship existed between the major limitations and socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology at p < 0.05 level of significance. This study recommends that cost of raw materials for constructing greenhouse should be subsidized by the Federal Government of Nigeria while wealthy individuals, farmers’ groups and cooperative societies should invest in greenhouse technology for large scale vegetable farming.Keywords: socio-economic, importance, vegetable, greenhouse, technology

Business to Business Marketing in Bhutan: A Case Study from Balam Gewog under Mongar Dzongkhag

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Kinley Pema ◽  
Tashi Dendup ◽  
Rekha Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
B2b Marketing ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Business To Business

The Commercial Agriculture and Resilient Livelihoods Enhancement Programme (CARLEP) and the Regional Agricultural and Marketing Cooperative (RAMCO) piloted the business to business (B2B) marketing model in 2018 to address smallholder farmers’ marketing issues in Eastern Bhutan. As the B2B pilot model is currently not functional, it is vital to understand the B2B model’s challenges to successfully replicate the interventions in other communities. The lack of follow-up studies on the B2B marketing model motivated the authors to investigate the model’s challenges for implementation in the country. This case study was based on six vegetable groups in Balam Gewog, Mongar, Bhutan. Primary data were collected through focus group discussions with six vegetable groups and in-depth interviews with key informants. Secondary data were collected from Gewog, CARLEP, and RAMCO. The results showed that the B2B marketing model adopted in Balam Gewog was a primary B2B marketing model – a linkage only for selling produce. Four critical issues with the B2B marketing model adopted in Balam Gewog were noted: (1) mismatch between vegetable production and collection schedule, (2) lack of quantity and quality specification of vegetables in the contract between vegetable farmers’ groups and the buyer, (3) inadequate support services, and (4) lack of monitoring by facilitating organisations after contract signing between vegetable farmers’ groups and the buyer. Accordingly, we recommend adjusting the collection schedule as per the production season, specifying contract clauses like quantity and quality of produce, improving support services, and monitoring business by relevant authorities.

scholarly journals Vegetable Farmer’s Awareness and Perception of Pesticides on the Environment and Health in Eastern Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ponniah Sivarajah
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

In Sri Lanka excessive use of pesticides in paddy and vegetable farming has caused much concern in terms of its impact on the environment and humans. A study was done in Eastern Sri Lanka to find out vegetable farmer’s awareness of hazard levels of pesticides, perception of pesticide impact on the environment and their health, and awareness about different methods of pest control among farmers. A multi-staged random sample of 96 vegetable farmers in five Agrarian Service Center ranges in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka was studied, during October to November 2017, using a structured questionnaire. Frequencies estimation and Chi Square tests were done to find relationships. The results indicated that the degree of awareness on the hazardous levels of pesticides was minimal, but their perceptions on the impacts of the pesticides on the environment, humans, animals and on food items sold was high among the vegetable farmers. There was a significant spatial variation in knowledge on hazardous level of pesticides used in vegetable production. Significant differences existed between areas studied on the perception of farmers of the impact of pesticides on humans, animals, food and environment. Most of the farmers were aware about crop rotation, chemical control and manual control methods to get rid of pests. Only a low percentage of farmers were aware about biological control, cultural control and seed treatment to curtail pest attack. There were significant spatial differences in farmers’ awareness on available pest control methods. Policy makers and institutions intervening to regulate pesticides usage need to adopt multiple strategies to create awareness on the impact of pesticides on humans and the environment, through designing policies to enhance farm extension services and to encourage adoption of alternative methods of pest control.

scholarly journals Attitude of Vegetable Farmers in Galle District in Sri Lanka Towards Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
S. H. P. Malkanthi ◽  
A.M. Thenuwara ◽  
W A R N Weerasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vegetable Farmers

Summary Vegetable farmers are facing a number of challenges including price fluctuations, production and marketing problems, low level of income etc. One strategy to overcome these problems is adoption of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in vegetable production. However, there is limited information regarding farmers’ awareness of GAP and its applications under the circumstances of farming in the country. Therefore, assessing farmers’ attitude is a timely requirement for directing farmers towards good agricultural practices. Thus, the objectives of the research were to assess the level of awareness of GAP program, relationship between socio-economic factors and awareness of GAP, farmers’ attitudes towards GAP program, factors affecting the willingness to adopt GAP program and the potentials and constraints in implementing GAP program in Galle District. A sample of 100 vegetable farmers in the district was selected through a multi-stage simple random sampling technique. Data were collected from March to July 2018, through a self-administered questionnaire survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results revealed that the majority of vegetable farmers in the district were middle-aged males who had studied up to GCE ordinary level and they received a monthly income of 24000 LKR. Their age, gender, educational level and experience were significantly associated with the level of awareness of GAP program. However, despite their positive attitude towards GAP, most farmers were unwilling to take a risk to adopt GAP due to many issues such as lack of required inputs, capital, required field conditions, information and technical know-how. There are several potentials and also many constraints for implementing GAP in the district. Therefore, providing firstly better theoretical knowledge and then providing the main requirements will motivate more farmers to adopt GAP in their vegetable production procedures. Research studies related to application of GAP by Sri Lankan farmers are still at a lower level. This research thus will be useful for different stakeholders related to adoption of GAP in Sri Lanka.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

Life Cycle Development of Successful Women-owned Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waliul Hasanat ◽  
Kamna Anum ◽  
Ashikul Hoque ◽  
Mahmud Hamid ◽  
Sandy Francis Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Theoretical Finding ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Life Cycle Development

In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful for potentially talented women interested in setting up their own business.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dynamic Capabilities on Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Pharmaceutical Sector in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Albert Naiem Naguib ◽  
Eahab Elsaid ◽  
Abdel Moneim Elsaid
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities (experience, routine, skills, firm characteristics, knowledge and technology) and competitive advantage sustainability in the Egyptian pharmaceutical sector. The data was collected using primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected from questionnaires distributed to 160 top managers in 20 pharmaceutical firms. The secondary data about pharmaceutical firms like rankings, revenues and market share was collected from external sources such as Intercontinental Marketing Service (IMS). The questionnaires examine six independent variables based on a five-scale Likert scale. The methodology used in the study is non-probability sampling (judgmental sampling), Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and Chi-square tests. The results support the notion that there is a significant relationship between four of the six dynamic capabilities (experience, skills, firm characteristics and knowledge) and the competitive advantage sustainability for pharmaceutical firms in Egypt. Designing the questionnaire and formulating the questions to target the required field was challenging, given that the topic is dynamic and the business scene in Egypt has witnessed drastic political changes since January 2011. The study should assist pharmaceutical companies in Egypt in directing their investments properly and in determining the weaknesses in their dynamic capabilities that need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Relationships between Final Purchasers and Offerors in the Context of Their Perception by Final Purchasers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Izabela Baruk
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Research Gap

The aim of this article was to identify the role of good mutual relationships with offerors for final purchasers, as well as define the meaning of the perception of offerors in the scope of listening to purchasers’ opinions and profiting from purchasers’ readiness to cooperate for the specificities of the prosumeric activity. A deep analysis of the world literature was used to prepare the theoretical part of this paper. The results of this analysis confirm the existing cognitive gap and research gap regarding mentioned aspects, including energy market. Empirical studies were conducted to reduce identified gaps. The survey method was used to collect primary data. The collected data were subjected to quantitative analysis, during which statistical analysis methods and tests were applied (Pearson chi-square independence test, V-Cramer factor analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW), and exploratory factor analysis). The results of the statistical analysis and testing allowed the three research hypotheses formulated to be checked. Between the significance of good relationships with offerors and their perception, a statistically significant dependence was identified for all groups of offerors. The perception of offerors was a feature differentiating respondents’ opinions about the significance of good relationships with offerors for the two following groups: producers and traders. Additionally, the perception of offerors was a feature differentiating forms of prosumeric activity of respondents only for three interpurchase behaviors. The results obtained have a visible cognitive and applicability value. They contribute to the theory of marketing, as well as possibly facilitating the formation of good mutual relationships between offerors (including offerors of energy) and final purchasers as key partners cooperating with offerors in the marketing process. The approach presented in this paper has not been studied and analyzed so far, either in theoretical or in practical terms. This fact confirms its originality and value.

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