Polyphenols: Nature's Gift as dietary phytoconstituents against different human ailments

Recently, researches and scientists are showing a lot of interests in bioactive compounds of plants and its products as these constituents are of high valued. Polyphenols are phytochemical constituents which are the integral components in plants and their products that are associated with defensive mechanism against infections and various oxidative stress by free radicals. Green tea, fruits, vegetables, cereals and red wines are rich sources of polyphenolic constituents which attributes prevention from infections and diseases because of its antioxidant properties, anti-diabetic properties, and radical scavenging properties. Oxidative stress which is the primary reason for different ailments in humans is due to the free radicals that are present even during the normal health condition. Polyphenolic acids like cinnamic acid, romarinic acid, stilbenes like resveratrol, flavonoids like catechin, taxifolin, quercetin, and lignans like sesamin, pinoresinol, podophyllotoxin etc. are found to be effective against wide range of human diseases like oxidative stress, cardiovascular disorder, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and cancer. These phytoconstituents prevent the diseases and provide relieving sensation via different mechanisms. Here, the study shows the importance of polyphenols with respect to the relevance of human health. As there are the promising applications of various bioactive constituents in a wide range of disease, further research should be encouraged on the mechanism of action and bioavailability of polyphenols.

Download Full-text

Phenolic compounds from Achillea millefolium L. and their bioactivity.

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2011_2266 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Sara Vitalini ◽

Giangiacomo Beretta ◽

Marcello Iriti ◽

Simone Orsenigo ◽

Nicoletta Basilico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Achillea Millefolium ◽

Chlorogenic Acids ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Wide Range ◽

Total Antioxidant

Since antiquity, Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) has been used in traditional medicine of several cultures, from Europe to Asia. Its richness in bioactive compounds contributes to a wide range of medicinal properties. In this study, we assessed A. millefolium methanolic extract and its isolated components for free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-pycrilhydrazyl, total antioxidant capacity (based on the reduction of Cu(++) to Cu(+)), and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum was also tested. Chlorogenic acid, its derivatives and some flavonoids isolated by semipreparative HPLC and identified by NMR and spectrometric techniques were the major bioactive constituents of the methanolic extract. The latter exhibited significant antioxidant properties, as well as its flavonol glycosides and chlorogenic acids. With regard to the antiplasmodial activity, apigenin 7-glucoside was the most effective compound, followed by luteolin 7-glucoside, whereas chlorogenic acids were completely inactive. On the whole, our results confirmed A. millefolium as an important source of bioactive metabolites, justifying its pharmaceutical and ethnobotanical use.

Download Full-text

Structurally Related Edaravone Analogues: Synthesis, Antiradical, Antioxidant, and Copper-Chelating Properties

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527318666191114092007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 779-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre LeBlanc ◽

Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf ◽

Pier Jr. Morin ◽

Mohamed Touaibia

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Partial Charge ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Significant Interest ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Background:: The current therapeutic options available to patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are limited and edaravone is a compound that has gained significant interest for its therapeutic potential in this condition. Objectives: : The current work was thus undertaken to synthesize and characterize a series of edaravone analogues. Methods: A total of 17 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their antioxidant properties, radical scavenging potential and copper-chelating capabilities. Results: Radical scavenging and copper-chelating properties were notably observed for edaravone. Analogues bearing hydrogen in position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 and a phenyl in both positions of pyrazol-5 (4H)-one displayed substantial radical scavenging, antioxidants and copper-chelating properties. High accessibility of electronegative groups combined with higher electronegativity and partial charge of the carbonyl moiety in edaravone might explain the observed difference in the activity of edaravone relative to the closely related analogues 6 and 7 bearing hydrogen at position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 (6) and a phenyl in both positions (7). Conclusion: Overall, this study reveals a subset of edaravone analogues with interesting properties. Further investigation of these compounds is foreseen in relevant models of oxidative stress-associated diseases in order to assess their therapeutic potential in such conditions.

Download Full-text

Mechanistic Insight into Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Jasminum Species: A Herbal Approach for Disease Management

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Acharya Balkrishna ◽

Akansha Rohela ◽

Abhishek Kumar ◽

Ashwani Kumar ◽

Vedpriya Arya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Free Radical ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Global Issues ◽

Iridoid Glucosides ◽

Insight Into

Drug resistance among microbial pathogens and oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species are two of the most challenging global issues. Firstly, drug-resistant pathogens cause several fatalities every year. Secondly aging and a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are associated with free radical generated oxidative stress. The treatments currently available are limited, ineffective, or less efficient, so there is an immediate need to tackle these issues by looking for new therapies to resolve resistance and neutralize the harmful effects of free radicals. In the 21st century, the best way to save humans from them could be by using plants as well as their bioactive constituents. In this specific context, Jasminum is a major plant genus that is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine to treat a variety of ailments. The information in this review was gathered from a variety of sources, including books, websites, and databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total of 14 species of Jasminum have been found to be efficient and effective against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. In addition, 14 species were found to be active free radical scavengers. The review is also focused on the disorders related to oxidative stress, and it was concluded that Jasminum grandiflorum and J. sambac normalized various parameters that were elevated by free radical generation. Alkaloids, flavonoids (rutoside), terpenes, phenols, and iridoid glucosides are among the main phytoconstituents found in various Jasminum species. Furthermore, this review also provides insight into the mechanistic basis of drug resistance, the generation of free radicals, and the role of Jasminum plants in combating resistance and neutralizing free radicals.

Download Full-text

Ethanol Extract of Maclura tricuspidata Fruit Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage via Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22136946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 6946

Author(s):

Weishun Tian ◽

Suyoung Heo ◽

Dae-Woon Kim ◽

In-Shik Kim ◽

Dongchoon Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radical ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Effects

Free radical generation and oxidative stress push forward an immense influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Maclura tricuspidata fruit (MT) contains many biologically active substances, including compounds with antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MT fruit on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with MT, and cell damage was induced by H2O2. First, the chemical composition and free radical scavenging properties of MT were analyzed. MT attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage in cells based on the assessment of cell viability. The H2O2-induced toxicity caused by ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was ameliorated by MT pretreatment. MT also promoted an increase in the expression of genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). MT pretreatment was associated with an increase in the expression of neuronal genes downregulated by H2O2. Mechanistically, MT dramatically suppressed H2O2-induced Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, apoptotic factor caspase-3 activation, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (JNK, ERK, and p38), and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, thereby preventing H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that MT has protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells and can be used to prevent and protect against neurodegeneration.

Download Full-text

A Polysaccharide Purified from Morchella conica Pers. Prevents Oxidative Stress Induced by H2O2 in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4027 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Na Xu ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Jumin Hou ◽

Chao Liu ◽

Yonghai Sun

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ultrastructural Observation ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Ferrous Ions ◽

Nuclear Condensation ◽

Morchella Conica

Morchella conica Pers. (M. conica) has been used both as a medical and edible mushroom and possesses antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activities. However, the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides purified from M. conica have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide NMCP-2 (neutral M. conica polysaccharides-2) purified from M. conica, as determined by radical scavenging assay and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HEK 293T cells. Results showed that NMCP-2 with an average molecular weight of 48.3 kDa possessed a much stronger chelating ability on ferrous ions and a higher ability to scavenge radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the other purified fraction of NMCP-1 from M. conica. Moreover, 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that NMCP-2 dose-dependently preserved cell viability of H2O2-induced cells. The NMCP-2 pretreated group reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and increased the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) levels. In addition, Hoechst 33342 staining revealed cells treated with NMCP-2 declined nuclear condensation. Ultrastructural observation revealed that NMCP-2 pretreatment alleviated the ruptured mitochondria when exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that NMCP-2 prevented significant downregulation of the protein expression of Bax, cleaved caspases 3, and upregulated Bcl-2 levels. These results suggest the protective effects of NMCP-2 against H2O2-induced injury in HEK 293T cells. NMCP-2 could be used as a natural antioxidant of functional foods and natural drugs.

Download Full-text

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF SOME GALACTOPOIETICS HERBS USED IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i12.14964 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ade Chandra Iwansyah ◽

Rizal M. Damanik ◽

Lilik Kustiyah ◽

Muhammad Hanafi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Phenolics Content

Objective: The objectives of this research were to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity; phenolics and flavonoids contents; and chemical composition of some galactopoietic herbs used in Indonesia and to find a possible relationship between antioxidant activity; phenolics, flavonoids and chemical composition of these plants.Methods: A wide range of analytical parameters was studied, including yield; pH; water activity (aw); total color difference; phenolics and flavonoids content; moisture; ash; protein; fat; carbohydrate; fiber; calcium; zinc; magnesium; potassium; iron content; and the data were analyzed by partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the correlation between the parameters and classification of the plants. Folin–cioceltaeu assay, aluminum chloride assay and DPPH scavenging assay were used to evaluate of total phenolics content and free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of galactopoietic herbs.Results: All of the galactagogue herbs, viz. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) (PA), Sauropus androgynus (SA), Moringa oleifera (MO), and Carica papaya leaves (CP) exhibited good results of TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity. MO contained the highest average of total phenolics content (53.89 mg GAE/g). SA with a ratio of total flavonoids to total phenolics (TF/TP) which is 1.59 contained the highest average of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (IC50), 43.63 mg QE/g and 126.13 μg/ml, respectively, followed by MO>CA>PA. Based on PLS and PCA analysis, antioxidant activity correlated with fat, protein, phenolics content, flavonoids content and pH, but only the total flavonoids content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity.Conclusion: This provides useful data about the studied relationships and chemical patterns in some galactopoietic herbs used and provides a helpful tool for understanding much more about the interpretation of results from the experiments and the mechanism of biosynthesis in plants.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant and ROS inhibitory activities of heterocyclic 2-Aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180818666210427092319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Shahida Perveen ◽

Syed Muhammad Saad ◽

Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽

Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Cell Line ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Anion Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Superoxide Anion Radical ◽

Inhibitory Activities ◽

Quinazolinone Derivatives

Background: Antioxidants are small molecules that prevent or delay the process of oxidations caused by highly reactive free radicals. These molecules are known for their ability to protect various cellular architecture and other biomolecules from oxidative stress and free radicals. Thus, antioxidants play a key role in the prevention of oxidative damages caused by highly reactive free radicals. Method: In the present study, a series of previously synthesized heterocyclic 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives 1-25 was screened for antioxidant activity by employing in vitro DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. ROS inhibitory activities were also evaluated by serum-opsonized zymosan activated whole blood phagocytes and isolated neutrophils. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out by employing an MTT assay against the 3T3 cell line. Results: Most of the 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives showed potent antioxidant activities in superoxide anion radical scavenging assay with IC50 value ranging between 0.57 µM – 48.93 µM, as compared to positive control quercetin dihydrate (IC50 = 94.1± 1.1 µM ). Compounds 5, 6, and 14 showed excellent activity in DPPH assay. Compounds 5-8, 12-15, 17, and 20 showed promising activities in the ROS inhibition assay. All compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic against the 3T3 cell line. Structure antioxidant activity has been established. Conclusion: It can be concluded that most of the heterocyclic 2-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives 1-25 are identified as promising antioxidant agents that are capable of fighting against free radicals and oxidative stress. Thus, they can serve as a lead towards treating oxidative stress and related pathologies.

Download Full-text

Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2009-04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

A. A. Khisamova ◽

O. A. Gizinger

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Literature Review ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

The Body ◽

Irreversible Processes ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Wide Range

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.

Download Full-text

Comparison of ameliorative effects of Taraxacum syriacum and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney

The Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/jb/mvaa107 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Reza Eshrati ◽

Mahvash Jafari ◽

Saeed Gudarzi ◽

Afshen Nazari ◽

Esmaeil Samizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Ameliorative Effect ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Serum Biochemical

Abstract Taraxacum syriacum (TS) with natural antioxidant and pharmacological activities may be considered for treatment of oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen (APAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of the ethanol extract of TS root against hepatorenal toxicity induced by APAP in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a standard drug. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Control group; APAP (1 g/kg) group; APAP–NAC (160 mg/kg) group and APAP-TS100 and APAP-TS200 groups: APAP plus 100 and 200 mg/kg of TS extract, respectively. After 7 days treatment, serum and liver and kidney tissues were prepared and evaluated. TS extract ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in liver and kidney of APAP-treated rats. Moreover, treatment with the TS extract caused significant reduction in the histopathological damages and high levels of serum biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions after APAP treatment. This study suggests that the extract of TS roots has dose-dependent ameliorative effect against APAP-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The overall efficacy of the extract at 200 mg/kg dose is comparable with NAC.

Download Full-text

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA L.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.20060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 136

Author(s):

Chandrasekaran Swaminathan

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Wide Range ◽

Indigofera Tinctoria

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf and root extracts of Indigofera tinctoria L.Methods: Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. The methanolic leaf and root extracts of the plant were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella paratyphi B by cup-plate agar diffusion method. The free radical scavenging activities of the methanol extracts of leaves and roots were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in methanolic leaf and root extracts. Methanolic leaf extracts of the plant exhibited antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria, but the root extracts failed to inhibit the tested bacterial pathogens. The antioxidant activity determination revealed that at 100 μg/ml, methanolic root extracts had the highest antioxidant activity (89.10%) on DPPH free radicals followed by methanolic leaf extracts (46.74%).Conclusion: The results of the present study conclude that the studied plant possesses broad-spectrum antibacterial and antioxidant properties and may act as a potent antioxidant for biological systems susceptible to free radical-mediated reactions.

Download Full-text