scholarly journals Production Optimization and Characterization of Bioactive Compound against Salmonella bacillus subtilis KBB Isolated from Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwij Raj Bhatta ◽  
BP Kapadnis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
One Step ◽  
Potent Antagonist

The present study aimed to isolate bioactive Bacillus spp. against multidrug resistant Salmonella and many other gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Altogether five bioactive Bacillus were isolated from soil samples of Nepal and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus cereus respectively by conventional techniques and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In all five isolates, the isolate Bacillus subtillis KBB was most potent antagonist of multidrug resistant Salmonella as tested by agar disc diffusion method. The bioactive compound production was optimized and product was purified by TLC, and bioactive molecule was characterized UV, IR NMR and GCMS and identified as peptide compound. Key words: Bacillus; Bioactivity; Production optimization; Peptide compounds; One step solvent extraction; Antibacterial spectrum. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3841 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.19-29

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA IN DUMPSITE SOILS WITHIN ABRAKA, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
Edward Ikenna Odum ◽  
Okiemute E. Idise ◽  
Dorris I. Ogogo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Public Health Hazards

This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soils obtained from dumpsites in Abraka, Delta State. Four (4) dumpsites were assayed and composite soil samples were collected from each dumpsite. Isolates were obtained using the standard pour-plate method and pure cultures identified based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics. These were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the agar-disc diffusion method. A total of 61 isolates were obtained and identified to belong to nine (9) different genera. The isolates were Escherichia sp, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas sp, Proteus spp, Micrococcus sp, Streptococcus sp and Neisseria sp. Among the isolates obtained, Escherichia sp had the highest occurrence (26.23%) and Neisseria sp the lowest occurrence frequency of 1.63%.  Pefloxacin was the least effective antibiotic as 96% and 76.67% of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms respectively, were resistant to the drug. All the isolates exhibited multidrug tolerance and a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.8 was recorded for 31.15% of the isolates tested. The implication of these findings is a possible spread of persistent bacterial infections among the resident population. Proper waste management and siting of dumpsites in locations distant from residential areas will help in preventing the public health hazards associated with dumpsites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antibacterial and anticancer activities of marine Bacillus subtilis ESRAA3010 against different multidrug resistant Enterococci (MDRE) and cancer cell lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-027
Author(s):  
Alzahran Nourah Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Esraa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Enterococcus Durans ◽  
Seawater Samples

Fifty nine isolates belonging to six species of Enterococci namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus mundtiiand Enterococcus avium (n = 35, 15, 4, 3, 1 and 1 isolates, respectively) were obtained from different clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, wound, sputum and synovial fluid. The highest numbers of Enterococci were recorded from the pus (20 isolates, 33.90%) followed by urine (12 isolates, 20.34%) while the lowest frequency was observed with synovial fluid samples (2 isolates, 3.39%). These isolates showed different multidrug resistant patterns with the lowest resistant for linezolid (n = 5, 8.48%), followed by teicoplanin (n = 14, 23.73%) and vancomycin (n = 20, 33.90%) while they exhibited the highest resistant against penicillin (n = 53, 89.83%), oxacillin (n = 50, 84.75%), erythromycin (n = 49, 83.05%) and streptomycin (n = 47, 79.66 %). On the other hand, a free living marine bacterium under isolation code ESRAA3010 was isolated from seawater samples obtained from the fishing area Masturah, Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, 16S rRNA gene analyses and phylogenetic data proved that isolate ESRAA3010 is very close to Bacillus subtilis and then it was designated as Bacillus subtilis ESRAA3010. It gave the highest antagonistic activity against all clinical Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus mundtiiand Enterococcus avium isolates under study with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 4 to 56 µg/mL, 4 to 12 µg/mL, 4 to 8 µg/mL, 4 to 8 µg/mL, 8 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, respectively as well as minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (8 to 64 µg/mL, 4 to 16 µg/mL, 4 to 12 µg/mL, 4 to 16 µg/mL, 12 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover it showed anti-proliferative activity against colon (HCT-116), liver (HepG-2), breast (MCF-7) and lung (A-549) carcinomas with IC50 equal to 39, 50, 75 and 19 µg/mL, respectively which indicates its prospective usage in the upcoming decades.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Framework and Biosurfactant Gene Expression Analysis of Marine Bacillus spp. of Eastern Coastal Plain of Tamil Nadu

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreethar Swaathy ◽  
Varadharajan Kavitha ◽  
Arockiasamy Sahaya Pravin ◽  
Ganesan Sekaran ◽  
Asit Baran Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Bacillus Spp

The present study emphasizes the diversity assessment of marine Bacillus species with special reference to biosurfactant production, respective gene expression, and discrimination among Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis. Among the 200 individual species of eastern coastal plain of Tamil Nadu screened, five biosurfactant producing potential bacterial species with entirely different morphology were selected. Biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that all the said five species belong to Bacillus genera but differ in species levels. Biosurfactant of all the five species fluctuates in greater levels with respect to activity as well as to constituents but showed partial similarity to the commercially available surfactin. The expression of srf gene was realized in all of the five species. However, the sfp gene expression was observed only in three species. In conclusion, both B. licheniformis and B. subtilis demonstrate srf gene; nevertheless, sfp gene was expressed only by Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Indigenous Bacteria from Fermented Almonds (Prunus dulcis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Salwa Nurhasanah ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Nyoman Ehrich Lister
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria

Aims: This study aims to isolate and identify the indigenous bacteria of almonds fermentation. Methods: Characterization of the indigeneous bacteria are using gram staining, biochemical tests, 16SrRNA gene sequencing, and the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Results: Approximately 28 x 106 CFU / mL bacteria were obtained from almonds fermentations with 14 isolates from enrichment results. Three randomly selected isolates were gram-positive rod-shaped with a negative catalase and positive fermentation test. However, one isolate showed positive results on the motility test. The antimicrobial test results from the three randomly selected isolates using the disk diffusion method obtained inhibition zones of 7 mm, 6.7 mm, and 7 mm, respectively. Therefore, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, three different microorganisms were found, namely Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27. Conclusion: It was found that Bacillus subtilis strain IAM 12118, Bacillus Piscis strain 16MFT21, and Bacillus licheniformis strain BaDB27 in almonds fermentation and also can be used as probiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis Milk in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Md. Salauddin ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Md. Khaled Hossain ◽  
K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir ◽  
Ayman Noreddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
23S Rrna Gene

The current study was conducted to isolate and identify multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR-SA) from mastitis milk samples and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A total of 48 bovine mastitis (BM) milk samples were collected from different parts of the Rangpur division, Bangladesh. After the collection of milk samples, mastitis was confirmed using the California mastitis test. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were performed using conventional cultural and biochemical tests as well as using molecular methods of PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 23S rRNA gene of Staphylococcus aureus was determined. The antibiogram of the isolated bacteria was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Phylogenetic analysis of 23S rRNA was done using MEGA 7, ClustalW multiple sequence alignment, and NCBI-BLAST tools, where the sequence of the isolate showed 98% to 99% identity. Antibiogram test using 15 antimicrobial agents showed that all of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). It was found that the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, novobiocin, methicillin, vancomycin, and cephradine, and the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin. The detection of MDR-SA in mastitis milk is alarming and represents a great public health concern. The findings of the present study help identify Staphylococcus aureus at the molecular level using 23S rRNA gene sequencing and will help select the appropriate and effective antimicrobial agent to control BM in the northern part of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Effects of Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus Globulus and Eugenia Caryophyllata Essential oils Against Multidrug Resistant Corynebacterium spp Clinical Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Sana Alibi ◽  
Asma Ferjani ◽  
Hedi Ben Mansour ◽  
Jesús Navas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Corynebacterium Species

Objectives: Multidrug resistant Corynebacterium species are increasingly reported as the ethiological agent of various clinical infections. Thus, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of three essential oils Salvia sclarea, Eucalyptus globulus and Eugenia caryophyllata against Corynebacterium species. Methods: Twenty-four multidrug resistant strains including C. striatum, C. amycolatum, C. urealyticum, C. aurimucosum, C. imitans, and C. jeikeium were used in the study. Inhibition diameter zone, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericide concentration of these oils were determined using agar disc diffusion method and microdilution method. Tigecycline was used as positive control. Results: Our study showed that Eugenia caryophyllata had the best activity. Eucalyptus globulus extract exhibited a moderate activity and Salvia sclarea was inactive against all the species tested. We found that C. amycolatum was more resistant to the essential oils than other species. On the other hand, tigecycline was effective on the majority of the strains (37.5%), but his action was lower than Eugenia caryophyllata oil. Conclusion: These results support the use of clove oil as a natural alternative to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant corynebacteria.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Campuran Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Syuhuud Arumbinang Wajdi ◽  
Sri Kasmiyati ◽  
Susanti Puji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Moringa oleifera and Muntingia calabura leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial activity that could inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to test antibacterial activity of the mixed extract of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was conducted by agar disc diffusion method using three groups of extract treatments i.e. M.oleifera seeds extract, M.calabura leaves extract, and mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v). The extraction of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves was conducted by soxhlation method and using ethanol as solvent. The three groups of extract treatments with a concentration of 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm, and 1600 ppm were tested on P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity test of M. oleifera seed extract against B. subtilis carried out at the level of concentrations i.e. 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm, 600 ppm, and 750 ppm, meanwhile,  M. calabura leaves extract was done at concentration 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 6000 ppm, and 7500 ppm. The result showed that the three groups of extract treatments possess antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v) at level concentration of 400 ppm and 800 ppm were tested against P. aeruginosa significantly increased, and at concentrations of 1200 ppm and 1600 ppm significantly decreased  the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth than the other extracts treatments. The antibacterial test results of M.oleifera seeds extract and M.calabura leaves extract against B. subtilis shows that increased concentrations of the extract significantly increase the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth especially at high concentrations ( 600 ppm and 750 ppm) on M. oleifera seeds extract, as well as 6000 ppm and 7500 ppm in M. calabura leaves extract.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Saba Irshad ◽  
Humaira Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Background: Unveiling of multidrug resistance in bacteria is becoming a global concern. It contributes as a main financial burden to treat infectious diseases especially in developing countries. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of multidrug resistant bacteria from hospital soil. Methodology: Using random soil sampling technique, bacterial isolates were obtained through dilution plate method. Antimicrobial screening of isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method against a panel of 14 known antibiotics. Furthermore, strains were biochemically identified following Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Results: A total of 44 isolates were successfully identified from 4 soil samples of different waste areas of hospital from Multan region. Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus ssp. were prominent isolates in all the sites. Resistance among Bacillus spp. was high against ampicillin (91%) and in Staphylococcus spp. against tetracycline (78%). Out of total strains, 35 were found to be multidrug resistant. Conclusion: Presence of drug residue in the hospital waste contributes to its resistance in bacteria. A substantial increase of multidrug resistance in hospital waste demands an effective management against drugs.

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manish Kulshrestha ◽  
Dr. Anjali Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bone Marrow Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Culture Positive

INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever includes typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Peak incidence is seen in children 5–15 years of age; but in regions where the disease is highly endemic, as in India, children younger than 5 years of age may have the highest infection rates. There are about 22 million new typhoid cases occur each year. Young children in poor, resource limited areas, who make up the majority of the new cases and there is a mortality figures of 215,000 deaths annually. A sharp decline in the rates of complications and mortality due to typhoid fever is observed as a result of introduction of effective antibiotic therapy since 1950s. MDR-ST became endemic in many areas of Asia, including India soon after multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (MDR-ST) that were resistant to all the three first-line drugs then in use, namely chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole emerged in early 1990s. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Only blood culture or bone marrow culture positive cases were included. The patients with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion method using antibiotic discs. The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out as per CLSI interpretative guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 82 culture positive cases were included in the present study. 80 culture isolates were from blood culture and 2 from the bone marrow culture. Salmonella entericasubspecies enterica serovartyphi (S typhi) was isolated from 67 (81.70%) patients while Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarparatyphi (S paratyphi A) was isolated from 13 (15.85%) cases and 2 (2.44%) were Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarschottmuelleri (S paratyphi B). Of the 82 cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, one (1.2%) case each was resistant to Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 2 (2.4%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, 10 (12.2%) were resistant and to cotrimoxazole 3 (3.7%) were resistant. CONCLUSION: In a culture positive cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistant isolates were 65(79.3%).

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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