Aktywność obywatelska w kontekście modelu partycypacji społecznej. Socjologiczna aplikacja personalistycznych idei Karola Wojtyły

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(162) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jabłoński ◽  
Wioletta Szymczak

The article presents a synthetic view of civic activity in the context of a theoretical model of social participation, according to which participation as an experience of a person is constituted by: subjective justification, axiological content, sense of agency and experi-ence of participation. Among the theoretical foundations of the model is Karol Wojtyła’s theory of participation, based on his concept of a person, operationalized for the purposes of the qualitative sociological research from which the model was derived. In this study, the model is a tool enabling the presentation and explanation of the essence of civic activity as a subjective action in the community of civic life. This allows us to look at this activity from the side of the privileged area in terms of strengthening and manifesting subjectivi-ty, developed on the basis of civic values recognized as personally significant, having the status of common good.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202124
Author(s):  
Idair Augusto Zinke ◽  
Francisco Lima Mota ◽  
Cleiton Costa Denez

FROM PARTICIPATION SPACES TO COUNTERSPACES: an analysis of Councils in small municipalitiesDE ESPACIOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN A CONTRAESPACIOS: un análisis de los Consejos en los municipios pequeñosRESUMOEste artigo tem o intuito de averiguar os Conselhos participativos obrigatórios e sua possibilidade de conformação de contraespaços no âmbito de municípios com pequena ocupação populacional no Centro-Sul do Paraná. Para tanto, apresentam-se dados referentes à capacidade de criação de Conselhos participativos, a forma de inserção dos conselheiros, os segmentos que representam, a participação em movimentos sociais e organizações outras. Por meio do texto, demonstra-se que em municípios pequenos, apesar da possibilidade institucional de ampliar a participação social, há empecilhos que põem em risco a efetiva promoção de contraespaços, uma vez que a forma de inserção dos conselheiros é seletiva e a representação junto a estes espaços participativos atende aos interesses da atual administração municipal. Desta forma, a promoção de contraespaços como contestação da ordem territorial vigente e transformação do status quo, torna-se um desafio frente ao controle político do território e baixa atividade cívica da população em inserir-se de forma atuante nos Conselhos enquanto instrumento de contrapoder.Palavras-chave: Conselhos Municipais; Contraespaços; Municípios Pequenos.ABSTRACTThis article aims to investigate the mandatory participatory councils and their possibility of shaping counterspaces within municipalities with low population occupation in the Center-South of Paraná. For that, it presents data referring to the capacity to create participative councils, the form of insertion of the councilors, the segments they represent, the participation in social movements and other associations. Through the text, it is shown that in small municipalities, despite the institutional possibility of expanding social participation, there are obstacles that put at risk the effective promotion of counterspaces, since the form of insertion of councilors is selective and the representation together these participatory spaces meet the interests of the current municipal administration. In this way, the promotion of counterspaces as a challenge to the current territorial order and transformation of the status quo, becomes a challenge in the face of political control of the territory and low civic activity of the population in actively inserting themselves in the Councils as an instrument of counterpower.Keywords: Municipal Councils; Counterspaces; Small Municipalities.RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los consejos participativos obligatorios y su posibilidad de configurar contraespacios en el ámbito de los municipios con baja ocupación poblacional del Centro-Sur de Paraná. Para ello, presenta datos referentes a la capacidad de crear consejos participativos, la forma de inserción de los concejales, los segmentos que representan, la participación en movimientos sociales y otras asociaciones. A través del texto, se muestra que en los municipios pequeños, a pesar de la posibilidad institucional de ampliar la participación social, existen obstáculos que ponen en riesgo la promoción efectiva de los contraespacios, ya que la forma de inserción de los concejales es selectiva y la representación conjunta de estos espacios participativos responde a los intereses de la actual administración municipal. De esta manera, la promoción de contraespacios como desafío al orden territorial actual y transformación del status quo, se convierte en un desafío ante el control político del territorio y la baja actividad cívica de la población al insertarse activamente en los Consejos como un instrumento de contrapoder.Palabras clave: Consejos Municipales; Contraespacios; Pequeños Municipios.


2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
V. V. Zubkov ◽  
◽  
P.G. Sidorov ◽  

The article presents the results of a pilot sociological study of migration perceptions of the population, the reasons for their formation, as well as the factors and conditions under which the willingness to live and work in the Khabarovsk Territory is realized. The analysis of the results of the survey, which according to the research methodology was conducted in two target groups ("residents of the region" and "student youth"), indicates the stability and reproduction of migration intentions as a determined willingness and desire to leave the place of permanent residence in the Khabarovsk territory. The sociological approach to the study of migration perceptions of the target groups under study consists in determining the target attitudes, guidelines and expectations from moving, due to the status-role set and personal attitudes of respondents.


2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo FALCHI

The final goal of this paper was to fix a brief summary on the status of geographic information in Italy due to the technological steps and national regulations. The acquisition, processing and sharing of spatial data has experienced a significant acceleration thanks to the development of computer technology and the acknowledgment of the need for standardization and homogenization of information held by pub­lic authorities and individuals. The spatial data represents the essential knowledge in the management and development of a territory both in terms of planning for safety and environmental prevention. In Italy there is an enormous heritage of spatial information which is historically affected by a problem of consistency and uniformity, in order to make it often contradictory in its use by the public decision-maker and private par­ties. The recent history of geographic information is characterized by a significant effort aimed at optimiz­ing this decisive technical and cultural heritage allowing the use of it to all citizens in a logic of sharing and re-use and may finally represent a common good available to all.


Author(s):  
Steve Bruce

‘The status of sociology’ asks whether sociology can be scientific. Some forms of sociological research follow the models of the physical sciences, but there are some fundamental limits to such imitation. We need to appreciate the differences between the subject matter of the natural and the human sciences. People think and feel. They act as they do, not because they are bound to follow unvarying rules but because they have beliefs, values, interests, and intentions. For the sociologist there is always a further step to take. Our notion of explanation does not stop at identifying regular patterns in social action.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
Evren Tok ◽  
Muammer Koc ◽  
Toufic Mezher ◽  
I-Tsung Tsai

This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze whether a rentier state can diversify its economy away from the rent revenue and hence sustain the economic development and preserve the status-quo. Considering the decarbonization process of the global economy and rapidly fall in economic value of hydrocarbons in the face of the supply glut, rentier states depending on oil and gas revenues urgently need to diversify their economies to avoid social backlash and political upheaval. There are three intertwining factors that determine an effective economic diversification away from the rent revenue: The profitability of non-rentier sectors, the size of the domestic economy to induce a “Big Push” for industrialization to non-rentier sectors, and the level of economic inclusivity. For an optimal level of economic diversification in a rentier state: (1) Non-rentier sectors should be attractive to private agents without the entry barriers; (2) domestic economy should be large enough to induce investment into non-rentier sectors; (3) the ruler(s) should have sufficient tolerance (inclusivity) for private agents investing into non-rentier sectors. Our findings indicate that a rentier state can achieve an optimal level of economic diversification provided that the conditions above are met even without any political change.


Daedalus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gutmann ◽  
Dennis Thompson

Pursuing the common good in a pluralist democracy is not possible without making compromises. Yet the spirit of compromise is in short supply in contemporary American politics. The permanent campaign has made compromise more difficult to achieve, as the uncompromising mindset suitable for campaigning has come to dominate the task of governing. To begin to make compromise more feasible and the common good more attainable, we need to appreciate the distinctive value of compromise and recognize the misconceptions that stand in its way. A common mistake is to assume that compromise requires finding the common ground on which all can agree. That undermines more realistic efforts to seek classic compromises, in which each party gains by sacrificing something valuable to the other, and together they serve the common good by improving upon the status quo. Institutional reforms are desirable, but they, too, cannot get off the ground without the support of leaders and citizens who learn how and when to adopt a compromising mindset.


2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Sparling

AbstractPartisanship inspires a degree of ambivalence. There is a widespread tendency—which has a long history in republican political thought—to decry division and partisanship as corrupting, undermining individual judgment, and promoting clientelism, dependencies and loyalties antithetical to the common good. Yet there is an equally widespread intuition that excessive unity is corrupting, undermining the vigour of civic life. Contemporary political theory remains divided on the normative implications of division and unity—witness the battles between agonistic and consensus-oriented schools of democratic theory. In this article I examine the thought of two eighteenth-century writers who, while often treated as contributing to a common intellectual project of reinvigorating classical civic virtue, took opposite positions on the desirability of division. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Ferguson offered competing accounts of what corrupts civic virtue, one decrying party divisions and the other lauding them. The article examines the underlying philosophical presuppositions of Rousseau and Ferguson's competing claims and suggests, ultimately, that both positions suffer from neglecting to attend to an important distinction between salutary and harmful divisions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Arutyunova

The article presents an analysis of the main factors of tension in connection with the compulsory study of the state languages of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, and examines the course of development of contradictions, including from a legal point of view, as well as key differences of situations in both republics. It is shown that, according to sociological research data in recent years, the demand of learning of the Tatar language among Russians in Tatarstan has decreased, and the demand of the Tatars to learn the Tatar language remains very high. Some reasons are analyzed for growing dissatisfaction with the compulsory study of state languages of the republics, most pronounced in Tatarstan, including the ratio of hours of studying Russian and Tatar languages, non-conformity of the number of Russian language hours to the federal standards, poor efficiency of methods of studying Tatar language, lack of variability of methods, and mandatory testing in Tatar language – in the absence of the need for its use. In addition, the problems of lack of perception of the growing tensions by the regional leadership turned out to be significant. It is shown that the problems of compulsory study of the Tatar and Bashkir languages in schools are only one of the sides of the contradictions that continue in the sphere of population perception of the status of the republics. It is demonstrated that two key positions are perceptible along with the other positions. From the position of adherents of compulsory study of the republics’ state languages – the apprehension of the actions of the federal center as an attempt to assimilate and deprive sovereignty; from the position of adherents of voluntary study of languages – as the restoration of a unified state and the fight on ethnocracy. Analyzed are the results of a sociological study confirming the absence of critical differences in the perception of compulsory study of the Bashkir language among the Bashkirs, Tatars and Russians in Bashkortostan. The conclusions are made about the continuing development of the problem situation with a formal settlement at the level of school education and on its possible influence on ethnic attitudes and discourses.


Author(s):  
Olesya A. Kireeva

When studying the integration issues in education, there is a global trend of the last two decades aimed at strengthening the interdisciplinary connection between natural-science and socio-humanitarian components of education. Among the scientific community it is noted that the opposition of designated knowledge areas has a negative impact on the intradisciplinary development which leads to a slowdown in innovative processes at all stages of an individual’s education. Considering the possible ways to solve the problem, we turned to integrated ecological and artistic educational activities: the article gives the definition and reveals the content; it also traces the connection with the folk culture, specifically the traditions of nature management and artistic creativity. Searching for an effective solution aimed at achieving the goals of integrated educational activities, the author turns to the pedagogical modelling method the application result of which are: systematized and consistently stated theoretical foundations of children’s ecological and artistic education in the context of ethno-cultural traditions; justification of its targets, approaches and principles, content, forms, methods, means; possible conditions for ensuring educational activities, evaluation of its efficiency and the expected result. It is noted that the developed theoretical model has, in addition to integrity and consistency, its practical significance which shall have a further effect on its practicality.


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