scholarly journals A preliminary study on the Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering (UTBAS) questionnaire in Croatia

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Ena Klarin ◽  
Ana Leko Krhen ◽  
Suzana Jelčić Jakšić
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
The Relationship

Along with disrupted speech fluency, people who stutter often develop a fear of speaking or fear of social situations that may lead to the emergence of social anxiety disorder. This has been the subject of numerous studies during recent decades, and specific questionnaires have been developed to assess relationships between stuttering and anxiety. The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering (UTBAS) Questionnaire (St Clare et al. 2009) was developed recently and has been applied to evaluate the frequency and belief in thoughts about stuttering and the degree of anxiety induced by such thoughts. The aim of our preliminary study was to test the Croatian translation of the UTBAS (UTBAS-C) on people who stutter and those who do not stutter and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between these two groups, i.e. whether people who stutter are more socially anxious than people who do not stutter. Participants were 16 adults who stutter and 16 controls with normal fluence, aged 18-40 years. Because the results were not distributed normally, all data were analyzed with a non-parametric statistical method. The results showed a statistically significant difference between adults who stutter and those who do not. People who stutter had higher total scores on the Questionnaire, i.e. they are more socially anxious or have more negative thoughts and beliefs regarding speech-related situations than fluent adults. The results of our preliminary study are not unexpected and are consistent with most previous studies on the relationship between stuttering and anxiety. However, as there is a lack of specific instruments in the Croatian language that can be used in diagnosing adults who stutter, especially their attitudes and emotions, our translation of and further research on the UTBAS should help to fill that absence. This study should also alert clinicians working with adults who stutter of the importance and influence of attitudes and beliefs on therapy outcome.

scholarly journals The Relation Between Social Anxiety and Audience Perception: Examining Clark and Wells’ (1995) Model Among Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke W. Blöte ◽  
Anne C. Miers ◽  
David A. Heyne ◽  
David M. Clark ◽  
P. Michiel Westenberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of social anxiety proposes that socially anxious individuals have negative expectations of performance prior to a social event, focus their attention predominantly on themselves and on their negative self-evaluations during an event, and use this negative self-processing to infer that other people are judging them harshly. Aims: The present study tested these propositions. Method: The study used a community sample of 161 adolescents aged 14–18 years. The participants gave a speech in front of a pre-recorded audience acting neutrally, and participants were aware that the projected audience was pre-recorded. Results: As expected, participants with higher levels of social anxiety had more negative performance expectations, higher self-focused attention, and more negative perceptions of the audience. Negative performance expectations and self-focused attention were found to mediate the relationship between social anxiety and audience perception. Conclusions: The findings support Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of social anxiety, which poses that socially anxious individuals have distorted perceptions of the responses of other people because their perceptions are coloured by their negative thoughts and feelings.

scholarly journals The efficacy of cognitive restructuring and mindfulness strategies in reducing post-event processing among socially anxious individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Gee
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Postevent Processing ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs ◽  
Reduced State

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is defined as a marked and persistent fear of social situations in which an individual is exposed to potential scrutiny from others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Prominent models of SAD (Clark & Wells, 1995 ; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) postulate that postevent processing (PEP), which involves reviewing a past social event in detail (typically in a negative way), serves as a key maintenance factor of SAD. The current study examined the efficacy of a single session cognitive restructuring or mindfulness strategy on decreasing PEP and its associated effects, and also investigated the cognitive processes involved. Seventy-four socially anxious participants completed a speech task to elicit PEP, were taught a cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, or control strategy to manage their negative thoughts related to the speech, and completed several questionnaires. Participants in the cognitive restructuring condition reported decreased PEP (degree and associated distress) and improved affect (but not reduced state anxiety), as compared to the control condition. Participants in the mindfulness condition also reported decrease PEP (degree but no associate distress) and improved affect (including reduced state anxiety), as compared to the control condition. No significant differences were found between the cognitive restructuring and mindfulness conditions. Participants in the cognitive restructuring condition also reported decreased beliefs about the perceived costs of negative social situations. Regardless of study condition, decreases in cost biases and maladaptive beliefs sign significantly predicted reductions in PEP. Thus, cognitive restructuring and mindfulness appear to be promising strategies to decrease PEP and its associated negative effects.

scholarly journals The efficacy of cognitive restructuring and mindfulness strategies in reducing postevent processing among socially anxious individuals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Gee
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Postevent Processing ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs ◽  
Reduced State

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is defined as a marked and persistent fear of social situations in which an individual is exposed to potential scrutiny from others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Prominent models of SAD (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) postulate that postevent processing (PEP), which involves reviewing a past social event in detail (typically in a negative way), serves as a key maintenance factor of SAD. The current study examined the efficacy of a single session cognitive restructuring or mindfulness strategy on decreasing PEP and its associated effects, and also investigated the cognitive processes involved. Seventy-four socially anxious participants completed a speech task to elicit PEP, were taught a cognitive restructuring, mindfulness, or control strategy to manage their negative thoughts related to the speech, and completed several questionnaires. Participants in the cognitive restructuring condition reported decreased PEP (degree and associated distress) and improved affect (but not reduced state anxiety), as compared to the control condition. Participants in the mindfulness condition also reported decreased PEP (degree but not associated distress) and improved affect (including reduced state anxiety), as compared to the control condition. No significant differences were found between the cognitive restructuring and mindfulness conditions. Participants in the cognitive restructuring condition also reported decreased beliefs about the perceived costs of negative social situations. Regardless of study condition, decreases in cost biases and maladaptive beliefs significantly predicted reductions in PEP. Thus, cognitive restructuring and mindfulness appear to be promising strategies to decrease PEP and its associated negative effects.

The Tritone Paradox: Some Further Geographical Correlates

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
The South ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tritone Paradox ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
English Group

In a study by Deutsch (1991), a large and highly significant difference in perception of the tritone paradox was found between a group of subjects who had grown up in California and a group who had grown up in the south of England: In general, where the Californian group tended to hear the pattern as ascending the English group tended to hear it as descending, and vice versa. The present paper documents some further geographical correlates that are derived from the data obtained by Deutsch (1991). The strength of the relationship of pitch class to perceived height was found to depend on the overall heights of the spectral envelopes under which the tones were generated. However, the direction of this dependence differed significantly depending on the subject population. For subjects showing a "Californian pattern" (i. e., whose overall peak pitch classes were in the range moving clockwise from A#–B to D#–E), this relationship was more pronounced for tones generated under lower spectral envelopes, and so when the tones were perceived as lower in overall height. In contrast, for subjects showing an "English pattern" (i. e., whose overall peak pitch classes were in the opposite region of the pitch-class circle), this relationship was more pronounced for tones generated under higher spectral envelopes, and so when the tones were perceived as higher overall instead. Given the literature on the pitch of speech as a function of linguistic community, these findings provide further evidence that perception of the tritone paradox is related to the processing of speech sounds.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN INTERACTIVE E-BOOK BIDANG ASESMEN BAHASA UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KOMPETENSI DAN KEMANDIRIAN MAHASISWA PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN BAHASA

LITERA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Language Assessment ◽  
Posttest Score ◽  
Pretest Score ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Planning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to produce an interactive electronic book (e-book) model for language assessment to develop the competency and autonomy of the students of the Indonesian language study program. The study employed a research and development procedure consisting of: a preliminary study, planning, and product development. The results of the study are as follows. First, the developed interactive e-book package consists of Lecturer’s Manual, Student’s Manual, and an interactive e-book on language assessment. Second, the results of the validation by the learning multimedia expert show that in general the product is appropriate (85%). Third, according to the subject matter expert, the contents of the product are very appropriate (94%). Fourth, the individual validation shows thatin general the students consider the product very good (90%). Fifth, the class validation shows that there is a significant difference between the pretest score and the posttest score. Therefore, the developed interactive e-book is effective to be used in language assessment learning.

scholarly journals MARKET ORIENTATION OF COMPANIES WITH THE BRAND “ZNAČKA KVALITY SK”

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Simona Šályová ◽  
Janka Táborecká-PetroviÄŤová ◽  
Alena Kaščáková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Market orientation represents an established concept whose implementation leads to the achievement of superior performance. Specific features of market-oriented companies are the subject of many studies for years. The purpose of this article is to examine the market orientation of two types of companies from foodstuff industry in Slovakia. In this article we compare the market orientation of food producers who are holders of certificate of quality “Značka kvality SK” and those who are not. “Značka kvality SK” is a certificate awarded by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic. In our research, we would like to find out if the companies which are awarded as leaders in food quality have a predisposition for market-oriented behavior. In our research we used statistical parametric t-test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between market orientation of producers who hold the certificate of quality “Značka kvality SK” and those who do not. These findings support the assumption that concept of market orientation is applicable for all kinds of companies. This article presents partly the results of complex research focused on investigating the relationship between market orientation and business performance.

scholarly journals FOOD NEOPHOBIA, FAMILIARITY, AND WILLINGNESS-TO-TRY MALAYSIA LOCAL FOODS AMONG SOJOURNERS IN TERENGGANU

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Asma Mohd Hafizi ◽  
◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohamad Rahijan ◽  
Fathilah Ismail ◽  
Wan Zainal Shukri Wan Hafiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Area ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, Malaysia has gained more popularity among sojourners either as a destination to continue their study or as a good place to work. However, there are few studies regarding food neophobia among sojourners and information on the subject is limited. The objectives of this study are to determine the level of food neophobia among sojourners in Terengganu, to compared between food neophobia score and social-demographic profile, to examine association of familiarity and willingness-to-try local foods among people with different levels of food neophobia and to examine the relationship between the food neophobia scores and the willingness-to-try new foods and same food neophobia score with familiar foods. A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed to international students from Middle east. The findings reported average food neophobia scale among sojourners in Terengganu was 40.15 ±12.21. There were no significant differences between food neophobia and gender but a significant difference between residential area (urban and rural), and the length of stay in Malaysia. Moreover, there were significant associations between food neophobia and familiarity towards Malaysia’s local cuisines. A significant association between food neophobia and willingness-to-try Malaysia local foods was also recorded. The impact of the findings on respondents was also discussed.

scholarly journals Applying Mind’s Eye Strategy to Improve Students' Reading Comprehension at the Second Year Students of SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Rauf Tetuko Barruansyah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mind's Eye ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Based on the writer’s preliminary study, it was found that the students reading comprehension was not reach the standard score. This problem was caused by some factors, for examples; the way of teaching was not suitable with the material, the level of text difficulty was too “high”. Hence, the writer was interested in carrying out the research. It was administered at SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai. The subject of the research was the second year students, and the object of this research was the Effect of applying Mind’s Eye strategy. The design of this research was Quasi-experimental design. In collecting the data, writer used test. The population of this research was all of the second year students. The writer used cluster random sampling by taking two classes as sample; XI IPS.1 consisted of 32 students as experimental group, and XI IPS.2 consisted of 32 students as control group. To analyze the data, the writer adopted independent sample t-test formula by using SPSS 20 version. Based on the data analysis, consideration Sig (2 tailed) t0= 0,00 is lower than Sig (2 tailed) Ttable= 0.05 It means Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference of using mind’s eye strategy to improve students’ reading comprehension at SMAN Binaan Khusus Dumai. Keywords: Minds’ Eye Strategy, Reading Comprehension.

scholarly journals The Effect of Quizizz and Learning Independence on Mathematics Learning Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Khasanah Khasanah ◽  
Anugrah Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
High Learning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Quizizz media and independent learning on mathematics learning outcomes on the subject of derivative functions, with worksheet media as the control variable. They rely on an experimental method with the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey analysis. The results showed a significant difference where the mathematics learning outcomes of class XI students who were taught using Quizizz media were higher than those taught using worksheet media. There is an interaction of learning media with independent learning on mathematics learning outcomes of class XI students. The mathematics learning outcomes of the eleventh-grade students who have high learning independence and were taught using this media are higher than the learning outcomes of students who were taught using worksheets. This study concludes that there are Quizizz media's effect and learning independence on mathematics learning outcomes based on the analysis results. This study's results have implications for choosing Quizizz media and the relationship between learning media interactions with students' learning independence.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Strength Characteristics of Cerebral Aneurysm Walls with Their Status and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Data

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Elena Tsibulskaya ◽  
Anna Lipovka ◽  
Alexandr Chupakhin ◽  
Andrey Dubovoy ◽  
Daniil Parshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are a widespread vascular disease affecting 50 per 1000 population. The study of the influence of histological, morphological and hemodynamic factors on the status of the aneurysm has been the subject of many works. However, an accurate and generally accepted relationship has not yet been identified. Methods: In our work, the results of mechanical and spectroscopic measurements are considered. Total investigated 14 patients and 36 their samples of CA tissue. Results: The excitation–emission matrix of each specimen was evaluated, after which the strength characteristics of the samples were investigated. Conclusions: It has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in the size of the peaks of two components, which characterizes the status of the aneurysms. In addition, a linear regression model has been built that describes the correlation of the magnitude of the ultimate strain and stress with the magnitude of the peaks of one of the components. The results of this study will serve as a basis for the non-invasive determination of the strength characteristics of the cerebral tissue aneurysms and determination of their status.

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