scholarly journals Lexical phrases with anthroponymic components in medical terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Zh. Sherizatova ◽  

This article analyzes anthroponymic component language chunks in medical terminology. The research focuses on a large group of medical fixed phrases containing anthroponyms in their component composition. The main attention is paid to structural, semantic and etymological analysis. The basic lexical sets of anthroponymic component language chunks have been distinguished. The main sources and models of lexical phrases used in the formation of medical terms have been defined. The collected material allows us to state that the words syndrome, symptom and disease, being the structural core of medical phraseological units, are often distinguished in the phraseological units analyzed. The dependent component in a noun phrase is represented by an anthroponym. As a rule, this is the name of the scientist who made important discoveries in the medical field. Much attention is paid to the proper name semantics as part of a phraseological unit. Based on the etymological analysis of the material under study, the classification of medical phraseological units with a proper name component has been developed. The analysis showed that the origin of phraseological units with a proper name is based on real personalities, scientists, ancient and biblical mythology, literary works associated with the names of characters. Phraseological combinations associated with national and cultural specifics are of outstanding interest for linguistic analysis. The study showed that a proper name is a special linguistic sign that involves ethnic culture. The article discusses lexical chunks formed by metaphorical transfer in detail. The metaphorical transfer of names in the terminological system is noticed regularly, which is due to the constant development of medical terms’ new names and meanings formation through the scientific rethinking of common words.

10.12737/7362 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Данилова ◽  
I. Danilova ◽  
Данилова ◽  
Yu. Danilova

This short report presents the studying results of the structural and semantic peculiarities of the terms of the medicine in the English and French languages. The actual material for this study was 950 medical terms. The authors used the following methods: continuous sampling method, component and comparative analysis, method of word definition. The authors gave a characterization of the stages and factors of the development concept “terminology”, in particular, medical terminology. The analysis of scientific texts, articles in medicine and biology allows to identifying the eponymic terms. A proper name is a characteristic feature of these eponymic terms as binary phrase. Formation of the derived from a large number of compound terms confirms the viability and morphological value of this type of terms. Their translation into the Russian language is accompanied by a number of problems. The authors present the possible ways of translating eponymic terms in Russian: descriptive translation with the personal name and descriptive-explanatory translation without personal name. The first method can be effective for eponymic terms that have become traditional and understandable for every medical practitioner. This method requires the translation with transliteration of personal name. The second method, descriptive-explanatory, may be useful if there are multiple synonymic eponymic terms. This translation must take into account the field of medicine.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
María Shcherbakova

В течение последних нескольких десятилетий проблемы терминологии привлекли внимание многих исследователей и ученых, что может объясняться растущей важностью науки в жизни людей. Развитие медицинской терминологии началось много веков назад и продолжается по сей день. Основная цель этой работы заключается в рассмотрении терминологического глоссария сердечно-сосудистой системы, созданного на основе  Nomina Anatomical 2001 года, а также в комплексном анализе перевода специализированной терминологии. Наряду с разработкой испано-русского двуязычного глоссария, мы также обратили внимание на анализ собранных данных и комментарии, которые могут предотвратить ошибки и путаницу среди переводчиков и получателей переведенной информации. Для достижения целей мы прибегли к методу анализа параллельных текстов на выбранную тему в испанском и русском языках, а также к методу визуализации, что позволило нам перевести термины из списка и гарантировать высокий уровень точности, объективности, корректности, эквивалентности и адекватности. Основной гипотезой данной статьи является то, что, несмотря на греческое и латинское происхождение большинства выбранных терминов на испанском и значительной их части в русском языке, дословный перевод представляет собой наиболее серьезную и наиболее распространенную ошибку, которую совершают переводчики медицинских текстов, что объясняется особенностями развития медицинских систем в русском и испанском языках, где каждая отрасль терминологии сосредоточилась на своих собственных эволюционных принципах.Resumen: En las últimas décadas, los problemas de la terminología han llamado la atención de muchos investigadores y científicos, lo cual se explica por la creciente importancia que adquiere la ciencia en la vida de las personas. La terminología médica empezó su formación hace siglos y sigue desarrollándose hasta el momento. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es dar cuenta de la creación de un glosario de la terminología del sistema cardiovascular basada en la Nómina Anatómica del año 2001 y un análisis exhaustivo de la traducción de términos realizada. Además de la elaboración de un glosario bilingüe español-ruso también nos hemos centrado en el análisis de datos recogidos y comentarios que pueden prevenir errores y confusiones para los traductores y otros destinatarios. Para conseguir los objetivos propuestos hemos optado principalmente por el método de análisis de textos paralelos acerca del tema elegido en español y en ruso, así como el de la metodología de visualización, lo que nos ha permitido traducir los términos de la lista representada garantizando el máximo nivel de fidelidad, objetividad, precisión, equivalencia y adecuación. La hipótesis principal del presente artículo consiste en que, a pesar del origen griego y latín de la mayoría de los términos seleccionados en castellano y una gran parte de los términos en ruso, la traducción literal de éstos representa el error más grave y más frecuente de los traductores de los textos médicos ya que debido a las peculiaridades del desarrollo de los sistemas de lenguajes médicos en español y en ruso, la terminología de cada idioma ha seguido sus propias pautas de evolución.Abstract: During the last few decades the problems of terminology have caught the attention of many researchers and scientists which can be explained by the growing importance of science in the lives of people. Medical terminology formation began centuries ago and keeps developing nowadays. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the terminological glossary of the cardiovascular system created based on the Nomina Anatomical 2001 as well as the comprehensive analysis of specialized terminology translation. Apart from the development of the Spanish-Russian bilingual glossary, I have also focused on the analysis of data collected and comments that can prevent errors and confusion among translators and recipients of the translated information. To achieve the objectives the method of analysis of parallel texts on the subject chosen has been used in Spanish and in Russian, as well as that of visualization, which allowed us to translate the terms from the list and guarantee the highest level of fidelity, objectivity, accuracy, equivalence and adequacy. The main hypothesis of this article is that, despite the Greek and Latin origin of most of the terms selected in Spanish and a large part of the terms in Russian, their literal translation represents the most serious and most common mistake that translators in healthcare setting make due to the peculiarities of the development of medical systems in Spanish and Russian languages, where each language terminology has followed its own guidelines of evolution.  


Author(s):  
TATIANA V. LUKOYANOVA ◽  
◽  
LYUBOV M. KASIMTSEVA ◽  

He problem of interaction between language and society is more and more relevant in the modern world. Changes of the world have influenced the discourse in various spheres of communication. Moreover the progress of medicine has led to changes in the system of medical terms, and, consequently, to difficulties in understanding of terms in the ordinary consciousness. A person always wants to understand other people and to be understood by them. So it is the main goal of communication. The article deals with the issue of the functioning of medical terms in the minds of first-year French-speaking students. First-year stu- dents have the ordinary consciousness. Medical terms, which are studied by them (first-year students), function in the ordinary consciousness in incorrect form. It's because they are based on associations, feelings which the person has during the process of cognition, and, therefore, they must be interpreted. During the process of learning, there is a need to clarify the personal meanings that medical students have in regarding to special terms. In this article the author gives the results of the research concerning the French-speaking students' knowledge of medical terminology. The author gives examples of the perception and rethinking of medical terms based on common knowledge and examines the formation of scientific knowledge to develop the language of medicine in the consciousness of students and its competent use in the future.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2514-2519

Microarray is a fast and rapid growing technology which plays dynamic role in the medical field. It is an advanced than MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and CT scanning (Computerised Tomography). The purpose of this work is to make fine perfection against the gene expression. In this study the two clustering are used which fuzzy c means and k means and also it classifies with better results. The microarray data base indicates the classification in support vector machine. Segmentation is most important step in microarray image. The classification in support vector machine is compared with other two classifiers which means the k nearest neighbour and with the Bayes classifiers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Igor V. Gerasimov ◽  
◽  
Yaser H. Akel ◽  

The article is based on the manuscript “Hundred books on skills of Medicine” by Abu Sahl al-Masihi from the collection of the Oriental Department of the Gorky Library of St. Petersburg State University (Ms. O 667). The author of this written monument was regarded as the teacher of Ibn Sina (Avicenna). The text of Abu Sahl al-Masihi is an encyclopedic medical treatise of the XI century. It consists of one hundred “books”, each of which is a separate and independent chapter dedicated to a specific problem of theoretical or practical medicine. The article presents an analysis of Arabic medical terms found in the table of contents to the first book. They can be divided into four categories: borrowings from other languages, obsolete terms, terms found in the Qur’an, and terms with Arabic roots. The authors of the article cited fragments of Quranic texts as an illustration of the early origin of some terms for physiological states. The medical knowledge and traditions of the Arabs played a decisive role in the development of Arab-Muslim medieval medicine. Medical terms of the Arabs, introduced into scientific circulation in the early Middle Ages, are actively used in modern Arabic. The results of the lexical analysis of medical terminology from the first “book” of the treatise reflect the scale of the phenomenon called Arab-Muslim medieval medicine.


2016 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
Aleksey Zarubin ◽  
Natalia Chukhareva

Significant attention is paid to the production of peat-based materials in modern days. The study explores the influence of natural peat thermal modification on its properties by applying class-modeling techniques. Modification of different types of peat is achieved by heating at 250 °C. The set of peat properties such as component composition, g-factor and IR-spectra is used to obtain data matrix. It is shown that class-modeling techniques, such as partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and simple independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), allow estimating peat class (natural or modified) by a set of properties without prediction errors by using three latent variables. According to the results of classification, it is established that thermal modification can be considered as a means of regulating the composition and physico-chemical properties of natural peats as a raw material


1882 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Grote

I have indicated in this short paper where the types of my Geometrid species are to be found, to the best of my knowledge, and I have given such additional information as I am possessed of with regard to the species. I have followed the classification of Dr. Packard, except in a few instances where I have found reasons to prefer other names. I refer to my paper, Can. Ent., 8, 152, for a review of the synonymy of certain species. Two species, one described by Dr. Harvey (viz., Endropia Warneri), have been re-named by Dr. Packard, who calls Dr. Harvey's species Apiciaria. As to whether we must put the terminations aria and ata (accordingly as the ♂ antennæ are pectinate or not) I cannot attempt to decide. I think it is advisable to bear this rule in mind when naming species, but I would not change therefore any names already in use. Especially do I think it unadvisable to place the termination after a proper name. I should call the Endropia, E. Warneri, not E. Warneraria.


Author(s):  
Valentyna Bebykh ◽  
Natalia Bytsko

The article deals with the dynamic and evolutionary processes of eponymous terms formation in medicine in the systems of English and Ukrainian languages. The aim of the work is to systematize medical propriatives on the basis of such defining features as denotative-characteristic, etymological-word-forming and functional features. Methods and techniques adopted in onomastics and stylistics were used, such as: textual and stylistic analysis, classification of onomastic material, structural, etymological and word-formation analysis, analysis of variants of names, synthesis and identification of patterns. The research focuses on lexical and semantic features and structural features of medical terms with an onymic component. The scientific research of domestic and foreign researchers on the presence or absence of a clear boundary between common and proper names is analyzed. The ways of origin of propriatives and ways of forming a layer of onymic medical vocabulary are outlined. Based on the samples of eponymous terms in accordance with the fields of medicine, in particular rheumatology and neurology, anatomy and clinical nomenclature, the characteristics of dynamic and evolutionary processes in each of the subsystems is presented: quantitative ratio data are given, ways and methods of formation are identified, the role and place of eponyms in medical phenomena and objects are determined, the structural features of these terminological units are described. Much attention is paid to the process of transforming proper names into common words. The processes of transition of proper names into common names, which occur in medical terminology, differences of propriatives and appellates in functions, properties, mechanism of development, essence and linguistic features, context, etymology and translation are studied.


2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Ioana Jieanu

In case of bilingual speakers, proper names undergo different transformations, depending on the contextual character of a manifestation of meanings, “the relationship between the proper name and the denoted object being temporary, dependent on the verbal and situational context” (Tomescu 1998: 1). Within the scope of the current economic migration of Romanians to Spain and Italy, the names of Romanian people have undergone various modifications under the influence of Spanish and Italian onomastics. In the present work, the performance of two main tasks is described: an analysis of the interferences which emerge within communication, in case of the proper names of Romanian people who have emigrated to Spain and Italy; and classification of the proper names of new-born children within Romanian families that have settled in these countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Khan

Although the history of immobilized enzymes and their applications in different fields are traced back to the second half of the twentieth century, their importance in bioreactors and biosensors highlighted at the turn of the current century is under active consideration in these days for broad-spectrum applications in different medical fields. Thus, this article presents a review of the literature concerning the current and future role of the immobilized enzymes in different medical fields. As the author and his supervised research groups have also been actively involved in research on immobilized enzymes, he has also made some input with a recommendation to revise the current classification of immobilized enzymes basically into “Naturally Immobilized” and “Artificially Immobilized Enzymes”, keeping the sub-classification intact. He has also suggested the development of some medical products based on the results of his research groups.


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