scholarly journals International Migration in the World: Current Development Trends and the Global Problems Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Nataliya Kuznetsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. International migration is an important socio-economic indicator of the development of states and a regulator of socio-economic relations in the international economy. Under the modern conditions of development of the world society migration processes are characterized by dynamic development and scale of distribution. Today, international migration is becoming an important factor influencing the formation of international reality, causing social changes and cultural interaction of countries involved in migration process. Purpose. The modern world is diverse in its development and progress. Existing asymmetries and inequalities in most countries, conflicts, poverty, climate change encourage people from the low-income countries to migrate to the economically developed countries in searching of a safer and better life. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic carries great threats to the lives and health of migrants, negatively affects their spatial mobility, and creates the new societal challenges and dangers. That is why the author of the article aims to explore the main trends in the formation of modern migration flows and changes in international migration; to identify global factors influencing the dynamics of international migration and to identify key issues that need to be corrected in the management system of international migration at the global level. Results. The author has analyzed the current trends in the development of international migration in the global space, assesses the formation of the main migration flows in terms of individual sub-regions and countries. According to the results of the analysis, the growing influence of exogenous factors (interstate conflicts, economic and political instability in the world, climate change, etc.) and endogenous factors (low level of social protection of the low-income countries, limited access to vital public resources), high levels of corruption in some countries that cause poverty, carry threat and danger to the lives and health of their citizens) to increase the dynamics of migration flows in the world. During the studying the author has formed the main group of countries (USA, Canada, Luxembourg, Norway, Switzerland, Germany, France, Czech Republic, others), which (according to the long-term UN forecasts) will increase net migration rates and net numbers of migrants; this information is the important indicators for governments of these countries in order to respond in a timely manner and put changes into their existing migration policies. The tools of integration of international migrants into the national societies of the host countries of Europe in terms of employment, education, social inclusion have been considered. The benefits of the host countries from successful integration have been determined. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the change in the dynamics of international migration has been studied and the key problems of international migration development that need to be corrected at the global international level due to the intensification of crisis situations have been identified. Conclusions. Thus, the acceleration of migration processes and the scale of their spread in the world have a great impact on significant changes in foreign economic relations between countries; the macroeconomic dynamics of their development is gaining new momentum. The mechanical movement of the population causes changes in the structure of human capital, affects the quality of its formation and development. Due to the unevenness and the existing asymmetry in the socio-economic development of the world, the migration factor can become a major tool for the destruction of economic stability of many countries, the intensification of crises in the social sphere. Therefore, the existing problems of global cooperation and coordination of international migration, the lack of effective mechanisms for interaction between national and global levels of migration management need to be solved in time. The international regulatory framework for the protection of migrants' rights in the global dimension needs to be improved.

scholarly journals The Right to Education and ICT during COVID-19: An International Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente ◽  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

There is a lack of concluding evidence among epidemiologists and public health specialists about how school closures reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we attend to the generalization of this action throughout the world, specifically in its quest to reduce mortality and avoid infections. Considering the impact on the right to education from a global perspective, this article discusses how COVID-19 has exacerbated inequalities and pre-existing problems in education systems around the world. Therefore, the institutional responses to guaranteeing remote continuity of the teaching–learning process during this educational crisis was compared regionally through international databases. Three categories of analysis were established: infrastructure and equipment, both basic and computer-based, as well as internet access of schools; preparation and means of teachers to develop distance learning; and implemented measures and resources to continue educational processes. The results showed an uneven capacity in terms of response and preparation to face the learning losses derived from school closure, both in low-income regions and within middle- and high-income countries. We concluded that it is essential to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government response capacity, especially in low-income countries, to address the sustainability of education.

scholarly journals Connecting the world through local Indigenous Knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Margaret Sraku-Lartey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses upon the importance and value of local Indigenous Knowledge and how it is being threatened in today’s modern world rather than being leveraged to catalyze development. The author specifically calls out three types of Indigenous Knowledge: (1) medicinal knowledge related to human health, i.e., herbal medicine; (2) sacred groves – geographic areas set aside to preserve plants and animals and that can help to mitigate the impact of climate change; and (3) living libraries – communities of people who are also holders of cultural wisdom and history and who are custodians of all knowledge relating to the history of their own community. The author makes a call to action, requesting that scientists, librarians, publishers, and others in the information community collaborate and move forward together to save and build upon global Indigenous Knowledge.

scholarly journals The Economics of Climate – Resilient Development – A Book Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mohamad Buheji
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
The World

The “Economics of Climate-Resilient Development” present a comprehensive mitigation plan to avoid future socio-economic crisis. The authors foresight that unless strategies are adapt effectively and efficiently today by the different communities and specially in the developing low income countries, the world would be vulnerable to economic shocks that never been experienced before.The book can be considered unique since it linked the economic development with the techniques of adaptation. It coincides with work the reviewer published about resilience economy where approaches for enhancing people and communities are explained in order to reach the minimum expected adaptability and flexibility. Buheji (2018a, 2018b).However, the work of Fankhauser and McDermott (2016) greatly focus on climate change, as the main challenge of economic development. The work would be greater if the editors ensure more inclusion and details on the nature of human being journeys.The issue of poverty covered in the book is a good example of foresighted socio-economic risk that needs to be mitigated to avoid deterioration due to many conditions that mostly would be uncontrollable due external unforeseen factors. In an earlier work, these factors were seen the cause for more complexity of the business models, which required proactive resilient practices, Buheji (2017).

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship facilitators and their role in poverty alleviation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is one of the main issues faced by countries across the world. Over the last three decades, governments and international organizations such as the World Bank, the IMF, etc. have been trying to reduce poverty. Despite this, today almost 2.5 billion people are still living in poverty. Entrepreneurship is often seen as a way to reduce poverty. Moreover, the role of entrepreneurship facilitators is very important in creating a suitable business environment for entrepreneurs which increases the capacity of entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an insight into how entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurship facilitators (Government, Incubators, and Financial Institutions) help in improving the business environment in all countries and hence in poverty alleviation, examining the impact in case of high-income, high medium-income, medium-income, low-income countries and, as a result, reduce poverty. To investigate this, the Human Development Index (HDI) has been used to measure poverty. Secondary data for Entrepreneurship (Entrepreneurial Facilitators, Entrepreneurial Activities, and Economic Factors) and Poverty (HDI)) from the period of 2005 to 2016 are used for high-income countries, high medium-income countries, medium-income countries and low-income countries. The study has found that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial activity and the changes in Human Development Index (HDI) in all countries studied over the 12 years period. It also finds that the presence of good entrepreneurial facilitators improves the capacity of entrepreneurial activity which reduces poverty as measured by the HDI. It adds to the body of knowledge by using HDI as a new tool to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial activity country wise. It also suggests that governments need to make better business related regulations which will motivate entrepreneurs and create ease of business doing. Finally it suggests that trade openness bring foreign investments in a country which create employment for people.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship facilitators and their role in poverty alleviation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is one of the main issues faced by countries across the world. Over the last three decades, governments and international organizations such as the World Bank, the IMF, etc. have been trying to reduce poverty. Despite this, today almost 2.5 billion people are still living in poverty. Entrepreneurship is often seen as a way to reduce poverty. Moreover, the role of entrepreneurship facilitators is very important in creating a suitable business environment for entrepreneurs which increases the capacity of entrepreneurial activities. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an insight into how entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurship facilitators (Government, Incubators, and Financial Institutions) help in improving the business environment in all countries and hence in poverty alleviation, examining the impact in case of high-income, high medium-income, medium-income, low-income countries and, as a result, reduce poverty. To investigate this, the Human Development Index (HDI) has been used to measure poverty. Secondary data for Entrepreneurship (Entrepreneurial Facilitators, Entrepreneurial Activities, and Economic Factors) and Poverty (HDI)) from the period of 2005 to 2016 are used for high-income countries, high medium-income countries, medium-income countries and low-income countries. The study has found that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial activity and the changes in Human Development Index (HDI) in all countries studied over the 12 years period. It also finds that the presence of good entrepreneurial facilitators improves the capacity of entrepreneurial activity which reduces poverty as measured by the HDI. It adds to the body of knowledge by using HDI as a new tool to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial activity country wise. It also suggests that governments need to make better business related regulations which will motivate entrepreneurs and create ease of business doing. Finally it suggests that trade openness bring foreign investments in a country which create employment for people.

scholarly journals EFECTOS DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y RENDIMIENTO DE DOS CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS EN PIURA, PERÚ 1973-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (106) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Mario Villegas Yarleque ◽  
Ronald Hidalgo Armestar ◽  
Gretel Fiorella Villegas Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Impact

El calentamiento global ha alterado el cambio climático; por ello se investigó el comportamiento de la temperatura mínima, temperatura máxima, precipitación pluvial y su impacto en los cultivos de limón y maíz amarrillo duro. Para realizar la investigación, se utilizó como metodología la Función deproducción y como parte de los resultados se calculó la primera derivada parcial para encontrar el umbral óptimo y la segunda derivada para encontrar su comportamiento convexo o cóncavo. Para el caso del limón se encontró que la Precipitación Pluvial y la Temperatura Máxima tuvieron un impacto negativo en la producción y rendimiento del limón, todo esto sucedió en el corto plazo ya que a largo plazo fue lo contrario. Para el caso del maíz amarrillo duro cuando la temperatura mínima sobrepasa el umbral la producción y rendimiento disminuye en cambio cuando la precipitación pluvial sobrepasa el umbral ésta aumenta. Palabras Clave: cambio climático, función de producción agrícola, umbrales óptimos, variables climáticas. Referencias [1]Instituto Internacional de Investigacion sobre Politicas Alimentarias, «Cambio Climatico,» Washington, D.C., 2009. [2]J. Mora, D. Ramírez, J. Ordaz, A. Acosta y S. Braulio, «Panama Efectos del Cambio Climatico sobre la Agricultura,» Impreso en Naciones Unidas • México,D. F., Mexico, 2010. [3]S. Falco, Y. Mahmud, G. Kohlin y C. Ringler, «Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in Low-Income Countries: Household Level Evidencefrom the Nile Basin, Ethiopia,» springer link, vol. 52, nº 457–478, 2012. [4]F. Carrasco, «Efectos del cambio climático en la producción y rendimiento de la quinua en el distrito de Juli, periodo 1997 - 2014,» Comuni@cción, vol. 7, nº 2, p.10, 2016. [5]L. Torres, «Analisis Economico del Cambio Climatico en la Agricultura de Region Piura,» Consorcio de Investigación Económica y social, Piura, 2010. [6]A. Fleischer, I. Lichtman y R. Mendelsohn, «Climate Change, Irrigation, and Israeli Agriculture: will warming be harmful ?,» No. 4135, Banco Mundial., 2007. [7]Banco Central de Reserva del Perú Sucursal Piura, «Caracterización deL departamento de Piura,» Piura .2018 [8]A. Lázaro, «Sustentabilidad de fincas productoras de Opuntia ficus indica para la producción de Dactylopius coccus,en Arequipa,» Lima, 2019. [9]W. Yzarra, I. Trebejo y V. Noriega, «Evaluación del efecto del clima en la producción y productividad del maíz amarillo duro en la costa central del Perú,» Lima, 2010. UNIVERSIDAD, CIENCIA y TECNOLOGÍA Vol. 24, Nº 106 Noviembre 2020 (pp. 27-33).

scholarly journals International migration policy: from theories to implementations

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Impact

The international migration policy under the conditions of migration crisis and COVID-19 pandemic is being updated both at the global level and level of national economies. Numerous international legal acts implemented by the world community since the early 1950s are further evidence that the problem of international migration is not a new, but an urgent problem that is exacerbated in the XXI century. The subject of the article is the world migration policy under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to analyze the tools for regulating migration flows at the international level. Objectives: analysis of the international experience of migration policy and classification the main types of migration based on various grounds, systematization the key institutional practices of international migration regulation, assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international migration policy, formation the recommendations for integration of migrants into host communities of different countries. General scientific methods are used: system analysis – to determine the characteristics of global migration flows, induction and deduction – to systematize the key causes, consequences and types of international migration. The following results were obtained: current trends in global migration during 1999-2019 were analyzed, the regulatory support of migration processes at the global level was assessed, changes in remittances of migrant workers were analyzed, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international migration policy was analyzed. Conclusions: over the last 20 years, the number of international migrants has increased significantly to 271.6 million people, which is 3.5% of the world’s population; the share of migrants in the total population is highest in the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait; the most popular countries for labor migration at the beginning of 2020 are the United States, Germany and Saudi Arabia; requirements for migration policy in the XXI century are growing constantly, because of the fact that it allows to use the positive potential of migration in the interests of countries development, active international cooperation in this area, and the new challenges facing the world economy; the international migration policy is being transformed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic – many countries granting migrants a regulated status, extending their residence and work permits, providing them with access to basic health care and social security, et.

scholarly journals Cell, Time and Knowledge: Some Conjectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Diosey Ramon Lugo-Morin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Path ◽  
Over Time

The impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on global institutions and populations has been unprecedented. The health measures (e.g., confinement and social distancing) recommended by WHO and adopted by most nations in the world have not contained the spread of COVID-19. Vaccine development is expected to be a decisive element in controlling the pandemic, however, poor countries do not have immediate access to developed vaccines, which means that the COVID-19 pandemic will be present for some time among low-income countries. Against this daunting backdrop, it is necessary to explore more universal and inclusive ways of combating the COVID-19 pandemic and all future pandemics. Three conjectures are proposed that lead to a single path, unlocking the knowledge that cells have been able to accumulate over time. Although it may seem impossible in practice, the theory shows that knowledge exists to reach the frontiers of DNA.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Africa's Healthcare System and Psychosocial Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Amanze Nkemjika Ikwu ◽  
David Chinasa Igwe ◽  
Sixtus Ezenwa Nwawudu ◽  
Adeyemi Samuel Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The ravaging Corona virus caused many countries of the world to impose partial or total lockdown, African nations inclusive. Most African countries are low-income countries, with most of the population being non-office workers. With the continued spread and rise of COVID-19 in many African nations, the people had no choice but to keep working for their daily survival. Moreover, the current health system in most African countries is weak and unable to tackle the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The extra burden of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed these gaps and weaknesses. In addition to the effect of the pandemic on Africa's healthcare system, there is an equal and parallel debilitating effect of the virus on the psychosocial lives of Africans. Regardless of the several challenges that African nations face; Is there any way forward? African leaders may be able to unite and reduce their dependency on the international community for aids during health crises. They may also collectively take proactive decisions on strengthening their health systems as they work on educating their people.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE SHAPING OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Uliya STAVSKA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the problems of realization and improvement of Ukraine's foreign economic policy in the conditions of globalization. The economic revival and self-determination of Ukraine, which are inextricably linked with its entry into the modern world economy, with the search for its place in the processes of globalization, are investigated. The global tendencies of formation of the modern market economy, which characterize a new type of economic systems of the XXI century, which develop on a market basis while regulating the economic life of society by the state and maintaining the social stability of society, are found out. The problems of Ukraine's integration into the world economy have been identified. It is determined that the modern national economy is not simply included in the system of world relations, but is its active equal subject. The country's global competitiveness index and its rating have been formed. The influence of globalization on the shaping of Ukraine's foreign economic policy is analyzed. It is proved that the choice of the model of development of the Ukrainian national-state economic system is caused not only by internal but also by external factors. Recommendations have been made to improve Ukraine's position on the world stage. The models of export-oriented or import-oriented production, which are determined by the goals of the foreign economic policy of the state, are considered. The examples of creation of production and investment model of economic relations at the enterprises of Ukraine are given. Proposals for improvement of Ukraine's foreign economic policy have been elaborated, aimed at creating favorable conditions for regulating economic relations, which provide competitive advantages and attracting foreign investments in the conditions of globalization. Approaches have been established that determine the priorities of the country's foreign economic policy making, the strategy and tactics of which are determined by the socio-economic features of a particular country's development.

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