Philosophy and medicine: prospects of mutual development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
A. G. Suprun ◽  
◽  
S. O. Markova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Living Being

The relationship between philosophy and medicine remains relevant at all times. The common object of their study is a living being. Philosophy is the methodological foundation for acquiring medical knowledge. Joint research and interdisciplinary links between philosophy and medicine lead to effective cooperation in solving eternal pressing problems – the survival of mankind on earth and the achievement of high-quality life of the individual. It is in resolving this issue that they have joined forces. It is noted that modern scientific medicine is a complex of disciplines of exclusively natural profile, although medicine itself has a humanistic character. The object of its study is a person who cannot be imagined and known outside of cultural and spiritual contexts. Anthropological issues are a unifying component between philosophy and medicine. It has been established that a great risk for modern medicine is the devaluation of humanitarian influence, which is currently considered unnecessary by physicians. In this regard, the medical system and medical professionalism itself are under threat. It is also important to preserve the art of medicine, to educate a philosopher who could heal the bod, feeling the soul.

9. Mental conditions, intoxication and mistake

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-358
Author(s):  
David Ormerod ◽  
Karl Laird
Keyword(s):  
External Factor ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers the most commonly occurring ‘mental condition defences’, focusing on the pleas of insanity, intoxication and mistake. The common law historically made a distinction between justification and excuse, at least in relation to homicide. It is said that justification relates to the rightness of the act but to excuse as to the circumstances of the individual actor. The chapter examines the relationship between mental condition defences, insanity and unfitness to be tried, and explains the Law Commission’s most recent recommendations for reforming unfitness and other mental condition defences. It explores the test of insanity, disease of the mind (insanity) versus external factor (sane automatism), insane delusions and insanity, burden of proof, function of the jury, self-induced automatism, intoxication as a denial of criminal responsibility, voluntary and involuntary intoxication, dangerous or non-dangerous drugs in basic intent crime and intoxication induced with the intention of committing crime.

Changing Ethical Frameworks: From Individual Rights to the Common Good?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGIT SUTROP
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Liberal Individualism ◽  
The Relationship

Whereas in the 1970s early bioethicists believed that bioethics is an arena for the application of philosophical theories of utilitarianism, deontology, and natural law thinking, contemporary policy-oriented bioethicists seem rather to be keen on framing ethical issues through political ideologies. Bioethicists today are often labeled “liberal” or “communitarian,” referring to their different understandings of the relationship between the individual and society. Liberal individualism, with its conceptual base of autonomy, dignity, and privacy, enjoyed a long period of dominance in bioethics, but it has increasingly come under attack from ideologies promoting a more salient role for concepts of solidarity, community, and public interest.

Kant and the Common Law: Intersubjectivity in Aesthetic and Legal Judgment

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-460
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Edlin
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article develops some conceptual correlations between Kant’s theory of aesthetic judgment and the common law tradition of legal judgment. The article argues that legal judgment, like aesthetic judgment, is best conceived in terms of intersubjective validity rather than objective truth. Understanding the parallel between aesthetic and legal judgment allows us to appreciate better the relationship between subjectivity and intersubjectivity, the individual and the community, in the formulation and communication of judgments, which combine a personal response and a reasoned determination intended for a discrete audience. The article frames and pursues these themes in relation to four core concepts in Kant’s aesthetic theory: judgment, communication, community, and disinterestedness. Through sustained comparison and application of these concepts in aesthetic judgment and legal judgment, the article provides a conception of judging that more accurately captures the common law role and relationship of the individual judge and the institutional judiciary as integral parts of the broader legal and political community.

The lives of subjects

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel S. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship of the state to its subjects as necessarily physically embodied beings. The primary way in which the commonwealth commands its subjects is through the medium of its law. The law is for the common good and obliges the community as a whole, and thus the ontological status of the law—as distinct from any particular command of a superior to an individual—is intimately tied to that of the body politic. The question, then, concerning the relationship of the state to the natural body of the individual can be framed in terms of the extent of the obligation of the civil law.

Sprache und Denken Bei Wundt, Paul und Marty Ein Beitrag Zur Problemgeschichte Der Sprachpsychologie

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Knobloch
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Wilhelm Wundt ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Do So

Summary The paper recaptures, on the basis of one of the central issues of the discussion, namely, the relationship between thought and speech, the psychlin-guistic controversy between Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), Hermann Paul (1846–1921), and Anton Marty (1847–1914) at the turn of this century. The basic tenets of all three theories are presented, their assumptions analysed, and their respective fruitfulness (or lack of it) put forward. After redressing the distorted picture of Wundt’s position in the recent historiography of psycholingu-istics, it is shown that Wundt’s model of an expression-oriented approach, which in effect identifies categories of linguistic surface structure with those of an inner psychological nature, remains circular and not amenable to further development. Hermann Paul, though making use of a similar procedure, is opposed to Wundt’s (as well as Heymann Steinthal’s (1823–1899) social psychology or Völkerpsychologie), favouring instead the individual as the locus of linguistic events (and hence linguistic analysis), thereby playing down the importance of linguistic intercourse and communication in language acquisition and historical development. Finally, in Marty’s theories the contradiction between his reliance on 19th-century event-directed psychology and a rather modern functional conception of language is most evident. Marty wants, unlike Wundt and Paul, to distinguish clearly between genetic and systematic questions. But while recognizing the complementarity of event expression and control of comprehension on the part of the hearer, he does not do so in the case of the linguistic representation of ‘objects and events’. In an attempt to escape from the naive homology of thinking and grammar, Marty argues in favour of a complete separation of the two mental activities. The paper argues that the common psychological premisses of these authors must be considered if the differences between them are to be understood, since it is just these particular premises that lie in the way of an adequate comprehension of problems of semantics and of communication.

The Holistic Alternative to Scientific Medicine: History and Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Berliner ◽  
J. Warren Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Holistic Health ◽  
Holistic Medicine ◽  
Present System ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
Medicine History ◽  
Consumer Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

The resurgence of the holistic health movement in the 1970s can be in part attributed to increasing consumer dissatisfaction with the present system of medical care delivery. This article traces the rise and decline of modern medicine by analyzing the assumption of hegemony by scientific medicine and its practitioners. Then it describes the challenges that holistic medicine's theories and therapies currently pose to scientific medicine's organizational form and practical content. Holistic medicine is assessed in terms of its organizational and conceptual basis, and the relationship between holistic medicine and the needs of advanced capitalist society is discussed.

The Relationship Among the International Rule of Law, Spontaneous Order, and Economic Development

ICL Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-211
Author(s):  
Nadia E Nedzel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Rule

Abstract The Rule of Law and economic development are widely regarded as necessary for a successful society, but defining the international rule of law and explaining the relationship with economic development has proven elusive. This article begins with explanations posited by Hayek and others, but brings a fresh perspective grounded in a multidisciplinary and contextual approach that includes history, philosophy, economics, and law. Properly defined, the rule of law refers to a specific understanding of the relationship between the individual and government. The common law conception of the rule of law (as opposed to the civilian Rechtsstaat or L’État de Droit) is historically more supportive of economic development, but modern international descriptions and definitions confuse the two. Based on empirical economic studies and historical legal anthropology, the common law understanding focused on limited government and individual freedom from interference has proven more likely to encourage entrepreneurship and hence economic development on a long-term basis.

scholarly journals LONG OF HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY WITH QUALITY LIFE PATIENT FAILS OF KIDNEY CHRONIC IN RS GATOEL MOJOKERTO: STUDY CROSS-SECTIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Arif Wicaksono ◽  
Muhammad Sajidin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Hemodialysis therapy of patients with chronic kidney disease can changes the patients physically, psychological, social and economics because they have to deal with it for the rest of their life. This can affect the quality of life of the patients because of the long-term of hemodialysis therapy, this is one of the factors that affect the quality of life of the patients with chronic kidney disease. Quality of life is focused on the assessment of the individual against conditions acceptance. Each individual takes different phases to accept the condition. The purposes of the study were to determine if the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and quality of life of the patients with chronic kidney disease at Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto. This research used cross-sectional design. The patient's population with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is 150 people. The research sample is drawn using sampling techniques with the type of nonprobability purposive sampling with 130 people as a sample. Data obtained from questionnaires KDQoL 36. The result using Spearman rho test using SPSS V.16 shows p < α (0,006 < 0,05). H0 rejected, this means that there is a relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and quality of life with chronic kidney disease at Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto. The quality of life of the patients fluctuated based on the stage adaptation of the hemodialysis and disease. However, most patients with the duration of hemodialysis for more than 12 months had a sufficient quality of life and their therapy are already familiar with the symptoms and complications, but there are other factors that affect the quality of life such as gender, marital status, and education level. Patients are also expected to cooperate in what to do and not to do to improve the quality of life of the patients.

scholarly journals LONG OF HEMODIALYSIS THERAPY WITH QUALITY LIFE PATIENT FAILS OF KIDNEY CHRONIC IN RS GATOEL MOJOKERTO: STUDY CROSS-SECTIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Arif Wicaksono ◽  
Muhammad Sajidin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Hemodialysis therapy of patients with chronic kidney disease can changes the patients physically, psychological, social and economics because they have to deal with it for the rest of their life. This can affect the quality of life of the patients because of the long-term of hemodialysis therapy, this is one of the factors that affect the quality of life of the patients with chronic kidney disease. Quality of life is focused on the assessment of the individual against conditions acceptance. Each individual takes different phases to accept the condition. The purposes of the study were to determine if the relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and quality of life of the patients with chronic kidney disease at Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto. This research used cross-sectional design. The patient's population with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is 150 people. The research sample is drawn using sampling techniques with the type of nonprobability purposive sampling with 130 people as a sample. Data obtained from questionnaires KDQoL 36. The result using Spearman rho test using SPSS V.16 shows p < α (0,006 < 0,05). H0 rejected, this means that there is a relationship between the duration of hemodialysis and quality of life with chronic kidney disease at Gatoel Hospital Mojokerto. The quality of life of the patients fluctuated based on the stage adaptation of the hemodialysis and disease. However, most patients with the duration of hemodialysis for more than 12 months had a sufficient quality of life and their therapy are already familiar with the symptoms and complications, but there are other factors that affect the quality of life such as gender, marital status, and education level. Patients are also expected to cooperate in what to do and not to do to improve the quality of life of the patients.

Romanticism and the Culture of Suicide in Nineteenth-Century France

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
George Sand ◽  
Common People ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
Alphonse De Lamartine ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
The Common ◽  
Benjamin Constant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intense Debate

An anonymous comment on the suicidal inclinations of great men appeared among the regular articles in an 1850 issue of the highly regarded journal of mental hygiene, the Annales médico-psychologiques. “Some curious rapprochements might be drawn,” the author suggested, “given the frequency with which this thought occurs among celebrated men; but it is clear that if insanity were the sole possible explanation, only the lot of the common people would be desirable.” On one level, this statement represents an editorial contribution to an intense debate taking place in the journal's pages concerning the relationship between suicide and insanity. Although most nineteenthcentury observers associated self-destructive behavior with mental instability, viewing the individual who sought to put an end to his existence as weak, if not perverse, a certain mystique also surrounded suicide at this time. Images of Christian martyrs who willingly courted death in preference to leading lives of pagan dishonor, of the self-sacrificing heroes of antiquity, existed alongside more contemporary renderings of unrequited lovers and world-weary young men familiar to readers of Romantic novels and the faits divers. A longing for death was a sign of sensitivity and artistic promise. “Suicide,” wrote the influential critic, Saint-Marc Girardin, “is not the malady of one who is simple of heart or in mind; it is the malady of the refined and of philosophers.” Alphonse de Lamartine, George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Benjamin Constant, and the Vicomte de Chateaubriand all confessed to having been tempted to kill themselves in their youth. No less an idol than Napoleon Bonaparte was known to have entertained morbid ideas on occasion.

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