Major Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Dietary patterns play an essential role in vascular diseases; however, the association of specific dietary patterns and the risk of stroke is unknown. We designed the current study to evaluate several dietary patterns and their association with ischemic stroke. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 300 subjects, including 150 cases with ischemic stroke admitted to a tertiary referral center in Shiraz, Southern Iran, and 150 age- and sex-matched stroke-free individuals as controls. Using a 62-item Simple Stroke Food Frequency Questionnaire (SS-FFQ), we collected data regarding the dietary habits of all the participants. We extracted the major dietary patterns via principal component analysis using the varimax rotation technique with Kaiser Normalization. Finally, adherence to dietary patterns among the participants was divided into quartiles. We investigated the association between dietary patterns and ischemic stroke using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: One-hundred and fifty ischemic stroke patients (91 males and 59 females, mean age of 63.9±16.04 years) and 150 age- and sex-matched controls (91 males and 59 females, mean age of 61.99±16.04 years) were included. After adjusting five major dietary patterns for vascular risk factors, we found that diets rich in fibers and plant-based proteins (P<0.001) and micronutrients (P<0.001) had a lower odds of ischemic stroke as compared to high-fat proteins (P=0.003) and empty calories (P<0.001) diets, but consuming healthy animal proteins (P=0.115) had no effects on the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Based on our study, we suggest that fibers and plant-based proteins, and micronutrient diets could reduce the odds of stroke, so public awareness about the effects of different dietary patterns should be raised.

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Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study †

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2536

Author(s):

Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽

Esther Molina-Montes ◽

María José Soto-Méndez ◽

Casandra Madrigal ◽

Ángela Hernández-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Parental Education ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Principal Component ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Food Groups

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child population.

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Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Sleep-Related Impairment in a Cohort of Community Physicians: A Cross-sectional Study

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/1559827619871923 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 155982761987192

Author(s):

Maryam S. Hamidi ◽

Tait D. Shanafelt ◽

Andrea Hausel ◽

Bryan D. Bohman ◽

Rachel Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Work Performance ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Protein ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

There is increasing evidence that diet can mitigate fatigue. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between dietary habits and sleep-related impairment (SRI) in a cohort of community physicians. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 245 physicians who had completed a wellness survey in March 2016 (98% response rate). Three dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis: plant based, high protein, and high saturated fat and sugar. In the adjusted analysis, every SD increase in the plant-based dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.71-point decrease ( β = −0.72; SE = 0.32; P = .027; 95% CI = −1.35 to −0.08) in the SRI score, and every SD increase in the high saturated fat and sugar dietary pattern score was associated with a 0.77-point increase ( β = 0.77; SE = 0.32; P = .015; 95% CI = 0.15 to 1.39) in the SRI score. There were no associations between high protein diets and SRI scores. Physicians adhering to diets that are high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fat and added sugars had less SRI. Physicians currently face significant barriers to maintaining a healthy diet. This study highlights the potential role of workplace nutrition on SRI and work performance of physicians.

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Dietary patterns in Swedish adults; results from a national dietary survey

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515004110 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Erika Ax ◽

Eva Warensjö Lemming ◽

Wulf Becker ◽

Agneta Andersson ◽

Anna Karin Lindroos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Dietary Survey ◽

Meal Pattern ◽

Nutrient Density ◽

Using Data ◽

Traditional Pattern

AbstractDietary patterns derived by statistical procedures is a way to identify overall dietary habits in specific populations. The aim of this study was to identify and characterise dietary patterns in Swedish adults using data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten adults 2010–11 (952 women, 788 men). Principal component analyses were used and two patterns were identified in both sexes: a healthy pattern loading positively on vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, and vegetable oils, and negatively on refined bread and fast food, and a Swedish traditional pattern loading positively on potatoes, meat and processed meat, full-fat milk products, sweet bakery products, sweet condiments and margarine. In addition, a light-meal pattern was identified in women with positive loadings on fibre-rich bread, cheese, rice, pasta and food grain dishes, substitute products for meat and dairy products, candies and tea. The healthy pattern was positively correlated to dietary fibre (r0·51–0·58) andn-3 (r0·25–0·31) (allP<0·0001), and had a higher nutrient density of folate, vitamin D and Se. The Swedish traditional and the light-meal pattern were positively correlated to added sugar (r0·20–0·25) and the Swedish traditional also to SFA (r0·13–0·21) (allP<0·0001); both patterns were in general negatively correlated to micronutrients. Dietary pattern scores were associated with, for example, age, physical activity, education and income. In conclusion, we identified three major dietary patterns among Swedish adults. The patterns can be further used for examining the association between whole diet and health outcomes.

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Salivary Protein Profile and Food Intake: A Dietary Pattern Analysis

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/6629951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Teresa Louro ◽

Carla Simões ◽

Wilmara Lima ◽

Laura Carreira ◽

Paula Midori Castelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Salivary Protein ◽

Dietary Pattern Analysis ◽

Starchy Foods ◽

Different Levels

Saliva research has gained interest due to its potential as a source of biomarkers. One of the factors inducing changes in saliva, in the short term, is food intake, and evidence exist about changes in salivary proteome induced by some food components. Since this topic of research is in its early stages, it was hypothesized that saliva protein composition could be associated with different levels of adherence to dietary patterns that contain higher amounts of plant products. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis, in adults, by comparing salivary protein electrophoretic profiles of individuals with different diet characteristics, particularly dietary patterns (DP) that exhibit different proportions of animal and plant-based products. Dietary habits were assessed in 122 adults (61 from each sex, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years) using Food Frequency Questionnaires. To identify the dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was used. Individual’s non-stimulated saliva was evaluated for flow rate, pH, protein concentration, α-amylase activity, and electrophoretic protein profiles. Seven dietary patterns (DP) were identified. Salivary amylase enzymatic activity was positively associated with animal-based and starchy foods DP, and with plant-based fatty foods without wine DP. At the same time, protein bands containing amylase and type S cystatins were positively associated with the cheese/yoghurt and wine DP. Our results support the association of salivary proteomics and different dietary patterns and highlight the need of considering food consumption habits in studies using saliva, since this is a factor associated with variations in the composition of this fluid.

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ZSCAN25 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms is risk factors for ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population: a case control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29274/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haozheng Yuan ◽

Pei Fan ◽

Li Yao ◽

Yuying Lv ◽

Haidong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Chinese Han Population ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Han Population ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background We aimed to explore the relationship between ZSCAN25 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms and Ischemic stroke (IS) susceptibility among a Chinese Han population. Methods We enrolled 477 patients with IS and 480 age- and sex- matched health controls. Genotyping of the ZSCAN25 rs10242455, CYP2E1 rs2070672 and rs2515641 were performed by Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results Rs10242455 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34–0.93, p = 0.024) was associated with a reduced IS susceptibility, while rs2070672 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.75, p = 0.003) and rs2515641 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.64, p = 0.041) with an increased IS occurrence. Rs2070672 was observed to correlate with IS risk (OR = 4.06, p = 0.038) at age > 64 years, and rs10242455 (OR = 0.45, p = 0.021) and rs2070672 (OR = 3.28, p = 0.024) affected IS risk in males. In addition, rs10242455 (OR = 1.72, p = 0.014) was significantly associated with hypertension in IS patients. Conclusion Our study firstly found that rs10242455 in ZSCAN25, rs2070672 and rs2515641 in CYP2E1 were associated with the occurrence of IS in a Chinese Han population.

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A healthy dietary pattern may be associated with primary insomnia among Iranian adults: A case-control study

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000644 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Samaneh Sadat ◽

Ammar Salehi-sahlabadi ◽

Makan Pourmasoumi ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Cain C. T. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

Severity Index ◽

Case Control ◽

Primary Insomnia ◽

Health Centers ◽

Control Study ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Objective: While it has been reported that both foods and nutrients for individuals are connected with sleep, there is no evidence regarding the association of dietary patterns, identified by factor analysis, with primary insomnia. The present study sought to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and the chance of having primary insomnia. Methods: The present case-control study was performed using 444 people (111 cases and 333 control), aged 18 to 60 years, referred to Isfahan health centers. Dietary intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire in a case-control study in Isfahan, Iran. Principal component analysis was used to determine major dietary patterns. The presence of primary insomnia was measured via the insomnia severity index questionnaire, and the subjects were grouped as healthy or insomniac. Results: Three major dietary patterns were recognized, and named; Western, Iranian Traditional and Healthy, respectively. The cumulative percentage of variance explained by three dietary patterns was 48.2%. Those in second (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.2–0.46) and third (OR = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.15–0.35) tertiles of healthy dietary pattern were less likely suffer with insomnia. This association remained significant only in the highest tertile after adjusting potential confounders (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.32–0.95). We found no significant association between greater adherence to Western or Iranian traditional dietary patterns and primary insomnia. Conclusions: The findings showed that although no statistically significant association was observed between both Western and Iranian traditional dietary patterns with primary insomnia, people with greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern are less likely to have primary insomnia.

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Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1722

Author(s):

Francesca Bravi ◽

Matteo Di Maso ◽

Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽

Carlo Agostoni ◽

Guglielmo Salvatori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Human Milk ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Principal Component ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

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Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Findings from a Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1889

Author(s):

Reema F. Tayyem ◽

Tamara R. Qalqili ◽

Rawan Ajeen ◽

Yaser M. Rayyan

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Principal Component ◽

Case Control ◽

High Protein ◽

The Third ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Scientific evidence shows that dietary patterns are associated with the risk of IBD, particularly among unhealthy and Western dietary patterns. However, Western dietary patterns are not exclusive to Western countries, as Jordanians are steadily moving towards a Western lifestyle, which includes an increased consumption of processed foods. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk factors for IBD cases among Jordanian adults. This case-control study was conducted between November 2018 and December 2019 in the largest three hospitals in Jordan. Three hundred and thirty-five Jordanian adults aged between 18–68 years were enrolled in this study: one hundred and eighty-five IBD patients who were recently diagnosed with IBD (n = 100 for ulcerative colitis (UC) and n = 85 for Crohn’s disease (CD)) and 150 IBD-free controls. Participants were matched based on age and marital status. In addition, dietary data was collected from all participants using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the dietary patterns. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a multinomial logistic regression model. Two dietary patterns were identified among the study participants: high-vegetable and high-protein dietary patterns. There was a significantly higher risk of IBD with high-protein intake at the third (OR, CI: 0.136 (0.068–0.271)) and fourth (OR, CI: 0.126 (0.064–0.248)) quartiles in the non-adjusted model as well as the other two adjusted models. In contrast, the high-vegetable dietary pattern shows a significantly protective effect on IBD in the third and fourth quartiles in all the models. Thus, a high-vegetable dietary pattern may be protective against the risk of IBD, while a high-protein dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of IBD among a group of the Jordanian population.

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The iMPROVE Study; Design, Dietary Patterns, and Development of a Lifestyle Index in Overweight and Obese Greek Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3495

Author(s):

Maria Kafyra ◽

Ioanna P. Kalafati ◽

Efthymia A. Katsareli ◽

Sophia Lambrinou ◽

Iraklis Varlamis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Principal Component ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Mixed Pattern ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Linear Regressions ◽

Greek Adults

Background: Dietary and lifestyle habits constitute a significant contributing factor in the formation of anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of overweight and obese populations. The iMPROVE study recruited overweight and obese Greek adults and investigated the effect of gene–diet interactions on weight management when adhering to a six-month, randomized nutritional trial including two hypocaloric diets of different macronutrient content. The present paper displays the design of the intervention and the baseline findings of the participants’ dietary habits and their baseline anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Baseline available data for 202 participants were analyzed and patterns were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA) on 69-item Food-Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Relationships with indices at baseline were investigated by multivariate linear regressions. A Lifestyle Index of five variables was further constructed. Results: PCA provided 5 dietary patterns. The “Mixed” pattern displayed positive associations with logBMI and logVisceral fat, whereas the “Traditional, vegetarian-alike” pattern was nominally, negatively associated with body and visceral fat, but positively associated with HDL levels. The Lifestyle Index displayed protective effects in the formation of logBMI and logGlucose levels. Conclusions: Dietary patterns and a Lifestyle Index in overweight and obese, Greek adults highlighted associations between diet, lifestyle, and anthropometric and biochemical indices.

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A dietary pattern rich in fruits and dairy products is inversely associated to gestational diabetes: a case-control study in Iran

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00707-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abazar Roustazadeh ◽

Hamed Mir ◽

Sima Jafarirad ◽

Farideh Mogharab ◽

Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

Case Control ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes many problems for mother and her neonate. A healthy diet plays an important role in preventing GDM. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and the GDM. Methods 386 healthy and 306 GDM pregnant women (total 693) completed this case-control study. Basic information and anthropometric indices were recorded, and a food frequency questionnaire was completed. For extracting major dietary patterns, the principal component analysis was performed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine whether specific dietary patterns are associated to the GDM. Results Four dietary patterns were identified: “fruits and dairy products”, “red meat and plant-based foods”, “snacks and high-fat foods” and “carbohydrate-rich foods”. Among these major extracted dietary patterns, “fruits and dairy products” showed an inverse association to the GDM (odds ratio adjusted for confounders: 0.50, confidence interval: 0.284–0.882, p-trend = 0.019, for highest vs. lowest quartile). Conclusions It seems using a healthy dietary pattern such as “fruits and dairy products” may decrease GDM risk. Graphical abstract

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