scholarly journals Biochemical composition of fruits of new apple varieties of Belarusian breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Z. A. Kazlouskaya ◽  
S. A. Yarmolich
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Pectin Substances

The object of the research was new Belarusian apple varieties Zorka, Krasavіta, Navavіta and Sakavіta, selected from the hybrid fund, obtained as result of many-stage crossing of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) of various geographical origin (local, American, Western European) with the fourth and fifth generations of profusely blossoming wild apple (M. × floribunda Sieb.), which is carrier of scab resistance Rvi6 gene. The aim of these studies was to study the chemical and technological composition of fruits of new Belarusian apple varieties that are resistant to scab, released during agro biological research. The biochemical composition of the fruit depends mainly on the complex genetic origin of new varieties. New apple varieties differ by a higher content of soluble solids (12.6-13.7 %), titrated acidity (0.70-0.94 %), they exceed the standard variety Vesyalina (0.56 %), as well as the amount of sugars (9.85-11.40 %). The content of pectic substances in the fruits of the studied varieties ranged from 0.76 (Zorka) to 1.31 % (Navavіta). The highest content of pectin substances are the varieties Sakavіta and Navavіta — 1.30 and 1.31 %, respectively. The varieties Krasavіta (7.1 mg / 100 g) and Vesyalina (15.17 mg/ 100 g) are characterized by highest content of ascorbic acid, and the variety Navavita (211.1 mg / 100 g) is characterized by highest content of phenolic compounds. It established that the fruits of the new apple varieties Zorka, Krasavіta, Navavіta and Sakavіta are suitable for producing juice of natural direct extraction, nectar without pulp, nectar with pulp, sterilized fruits rubbed with sugar, frozen.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of scab-immune apple fruits varieties (Malus domestica B.) as a valuable component of healthy dietary

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Natalia Saveleva ◽  
Nadezhda Borzykh ◽  
Vladislav Chivilev ◽  
Andrey Yushkov ◽  
Aleksander Zemisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Long Term Studies

The article presents an analysis of the biochemical composition of apple varieties (Malus domestica B.) with immunity to scab. Domestic and foreign apple varieties are used as research objects. Variability in fruits in the content of ascorbic acid (AA), soluble solids (SDS), P-active compounds, and titratable acids was noted. The high content of AA is noted in Uspenskoe, Skala, Bylina, Flagman, Yubilyar apple varieties. Long-term studies have revealed intervarietal differences in biochemical composition and variation of this trait over the years in apples. Varieties with valuable biochemical composition and immunity to scab can be used in organic food production, as well as in further breeding work to improve the quality of fruits.

ASSESSMENT OF INITIAL MATERIAL OF AN APPLE TREE GENE POOL TO SCAB RESISTANCE

1970 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
N. G. Krasova ◽  
А. V. Pikunova ◽  
А. M. Galasheva
Keyword(s):  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Monogenic Resistance ◽  
New Varieties

Apple (Malus. Mill.) germplasm has been studied for resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis (Ske.) in the Central Russia at VNIISPK (Russian Research institute for Fruit Crop Breeding) for many years. Apple varieties with high field resistance to scab have been identified. Variety screening for DNA markers linked to genes of resistance made it possible to find among the new varieties of VNIISPK breeding digenic ones (Vf and Vm – Poezia, Va1 and Vf –Svezhest, Vm and Va1 – Zarianka, Patriot and Sokovinka) as well as sources of Vh2 (Reka) and Va1 (Antonovka Krasnobochka, Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Patriot, Orlik, Zarianka, Bessemianka Michurinskaya, Svezhest and Sokovinka). The genotyping confirmed the Vm presence in Zarianka, Orlovim, Patriot, Sokovinka and Chistotel and the Vf presence in Afrodita, Veniaminovskoye, Zhilinskoye, Zdorovie, Imrus, Rozhdestvenskoye, Svezhest, Solnyshko, Stroevskoye and Yubilar. Apple varieties that combine polygenic and monogenic resistance to scab – Imrus, Zdorovie and Svezhest are of great interest for practical use. The involvement of new sources of resistance will allow developing varieties with long-term resistance to scab.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of monogenic scab resistance loci in apple varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Lyzhin ◽  
N. N. Savel’eva
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Scar Marker ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Individual Resistance ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Important Trait

Background. Monogenic scab resistance is an important trait of apple, useful to plant breeders. DNA markers provide a possibility to differentiate apple cultivars according to individual resistance determinants with high reliability and identify promising genotypes. The present study shows the results of the molecular genetic analysis of apple varieties, targeted at the Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6 and Rvi8 monogenic scab resistance loci.Materials and methods. Biological material was represented by apple cultivars of different environmental and geographical origin. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves using CTAB methods according to the DArT protocols. The Rvi6 gene was identified with two markers, VfC (STS) and AL07 (SCAR). The presence of the Rvi4 gene was detected with the multiallelic SCAR marker AD13. The Rvi2 and Rvi8 genes were diagnosed with the SCAR marker OPL19.Results and conclusion. The Rvi6 gene was identified in 54.4% of genotypes, of which 91.9% were heterozygous, and 8.1% (cvs. ‘Svezhest’, ‘Freedom’ and ‘GoldRush’) homozygous dominant for this locus. The marker AD13-SCAR was detected in 25.0% of the studied forms (the putative genotype for the resistance gene is Rvi4Rvi4 or Rvi4rvi4). The marker OPL19-SCAR (Rvi2 and Rvi8 genes) was present in 73.5% of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers was present in the genome of 86.8% of genotypes. The appletree cultivars ‘Kandil Orlovsky’, ‘Krasulya’, ‘Sozvezdiye’, ‘Galarina’, ‘Priam’, ‘Redfree’ and ‘Witos’ are characterized by the combination of markers VfC, AL07-SCAR, AD13-SCAR and OPL19-SCAR in one genotype (the putative genotype for the resistance genes is Rvi2(Rvi8)Rvi4Rvi6rvi6). Cvs. ‘Antonovka zimnyaya’, ‘Antonovka krasnaya’, ‘Berkutovskoye’, ‘Geyzer’, ‘Pamyati Nesterova’, ‘Renet Simirenko’, ‘Terentyevka’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Telemon’ presumably have a homozygous recessive genotype for the studied resistance loci.

scholarly journals Effect of Extraction Conditions on the Antioxidant Activity of Olive Wood Extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Pérez-Bonilla ◽  
Sofía Salido ◽  
Adolfo Sánchez ◽  
Teris A. van Beek ◽  
Joaquín Altarejos
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Main Components

An investigation to optimize the extraction yield and the radical scavenging activity from the agricultural by-product olive tree wood (Olea europaeaL., cultivar Picual) using six different extraction protocols was carried out. Four olive wood samples from different geographical origin, and harvesting time have been used for comparison purposes. Among the fifty olive wood extracts obtained in this study, the most active ones were those prepared with ethyl acetate, either through direct extraction or by successive liquid-liquid partitioning procedures, the main components being the secoiridoids oleuropein and ligustroside. An acid hydrolysis pretreatment of olive wood samples before extractions did not improve the results. In the course of this study, two compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of olive wood collected during the olives’ harvesting season and identified as (7′′R)-7′′-ethoxyoleuropein (1) and (7′′S)-7′′-ethoxyoleuropein (2).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Indexes, Sugars, Pigments and Phenolic Compounds of Fruits from Three Apple Varieties at the End of Storage Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Andruta Elena Muresan ◽  
Sevastita Muste ◽  
Andrei Borsa ◽  
Romina Alina Vlaic ◽  
Vlad Muresan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Apples are the most cultivated and consumed fruits in the world. They not only taste great, but there are also rich sources of monosaccharides, pigments, fibers, functional compounds such as polyphenols which are well-known for their antioxidant action. Due to the high level of apples consumption, it is important to monitor and know the detailed chemical composition of this fruits on the market shelf. The aim of this paper was to study the detailed chemical composition of apples from three varieties. Samples from three varieties (Ionathan, Golden Delicious and Starkrimson) were taken from the Romanian market. Individual sugars composition was performed by HPLC, total polyphenols content by Folin Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by using the DPPH test, while pigments were analysed by spectrophotometric specific methods and the total starch content measured by a polarimetric method. Water content, acidity, total soluble solids and pH were also monitored through specific methods. There were found differences between varieties particularly in relation to the polyphenols content, carotenoids and chlorophyll. Regarding the individual sugars composition, fructose and glucose were predominant followed by sucrose for all samples. Values of starch, moisture, acidity, total soluble solids and the pH were according to other apple varieties found in literature. These results provide important information regarding the chemical composition of apple varieties from Romanian market, for both human direct consumption and industrial processing. 

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biochemical value of Brassica L. cabbage plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Аrtemieva ◽  
A. Е. Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is one of the most important metasperms. Kale Brassica includes economically important vegetable, forage, oil-bearing, ornamental crops and it is widespread in the world. This is explained by variety of food organs, high yield, environmental plasticity, different ways of food use and valuable biochemical composition. One of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of vegetables is seen as increasing the number of cultivated vegetables and their varietal diversity. The authors speak about necessity to breed new varieties and hybrids of cabbage crops, not represented in the state register, as well as missing types of varieties in order to expand the range of vegetables. The paper points out that cultivation in the Asian part of Russia requires the varieties and hybrids of all cabbage crops that combine high productivity and complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, eco-friendly, high-quality, with a different period of vegetation, including for horticultural use. The authors focus on increasing the nutritional value of vegetables and higher number of biologically active matters for making functional products. It is important and necessary to search within each cabbage for forms that combine productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors when being grown in different environmental and geographical areas with a valuable biochemical composition. This allows to use efficiently cultivated and recommended for cultivation in the Asian part of Russia types and forms of Brassica L. vegetables. It is necessary for dietetic nutrition and raw materials in medical industry. All varieties of cabbage plants are supposed to be significant and reliable basis for improving population health and life expectancy taking into account existing environmental problems in the regions of Asian Russia.

scholarly journals Sweet cherry competitive varieties for the horticulture of the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Zaremuk ◽  
Yu. A. Dolya
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
New Varieties

Creation of new varieties that combine a complex of valuable traits, incl. the marketability and quality of fruits for updating the assortment of sweet cherry is an urgent direction of breeding research. The paper presents the results of a long-term work on the assessment of 12 varieties of sweet cherries of domestic and foreign breeding according to the main parameters of marketability and quality of fruits. The studies were carried out in 2015–2020 on the basis of the «Tsentralnoye» experimental production farm of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking. As a result of regional breeding and long-term variety study sweet cherry varieties of local breeding (Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Chernie glaza) and introduced varieties (Anonce, Vasilisa, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart, Skina) with larger fruits (fruit weight of 8.5–12.0 g) were identified. These varieties correspond to world marketability standards. Varieties with high biochemical parameters have been revealed: vitamin C (10.9–13.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Anonce; vitamin P (81.6–116.0 mg/100 g) Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta, Kroupnoplodnaya; anthocyanins (213.5–390.0 mg/100 g) Madonna, Chernie glaza; sugars (14.2–15.2 %) Alaya, Volshebnitsa, Podarok leta; soluble solids (19.8–22.8 %) Alaya and Volshebnitsa. A greatest variation in parameters (Cv = 60 %) was noted in the number of anthocyanins from 87.0 in the Volshebnitsa variety to 390.0 mg/100 g in the Madonna variety. At the same time, the supposed direct correlation between the ripening period and the accumulation of sugars (R2 = 0.083) and dry matter (R2 = 0.107) was not revealed, due primarily to the varietal specifics and year conditions. For modern technologies of the production of high-quality cherry products in the south of the country, domestic varieties Krasnaya devitsa, Volshebnitsa, Alaya, introduced varieties Anonce, Kroupnoplodnaya, Sweet Heart and Skina, stably bearing fruit under stress conditions, with a yield of 20.0 t/ha with a planting scheme 5.3 m, high marketable and taste qualities were suggested. Super early ripening cherry variety Madonna was recommended to expand the regional cherry conveyor.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of emmer wheat (Triticum Dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl) grain depending on the variety

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
N. Osokina ◽  
V. Lubich ◽  
V. Novikov ◽  
I. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Components

The article presents the research results of the biochemical composition of grain – the content of protein, starch, ash, chemical elements in wheat grains (emmer, soft). The sedimentation index according to Zelen test, and the proportion of chemical elements in the grain ash were determined. It is known that the grain of diff erent wheat varieties diff er in size and content of anatomical components, which aff ects its biochemical composition. Modern wheat varieties can form grain with the protein content of about 20 %. Emmer is of high value as a raw material for dietary food. Biochemical components of emmer wheat grain, especially of new varieties, are poorly investigated. Therefore, studies on the biochemical composition of emmer wheat grain new varieties and lines are relevant. The aim of the study was to investigate the issue of then emmer wheat biochemical components, depending on the genotype. To properly evaluate the crop, the tasks of the study were performed – the protein and starch content, number of falls, ash content, trace element content, sedimentation index according to Zelen test were determined. The studies were conducted during 2017–2019 with Holikovska emmer wheat variety and LP 1152 line, grown under the Right-bank forest steppe. It was found that the biochemical composition of wheat grain (emmer, soft) signifi cantly depends on the varietal characteristics, agri-technical and weather conditions. The highest protein content and sedimentation index according to the Zelen test had the LP 1152 wheat line – 16.2 % and 53.9 cm3, respectively. In Holikovska emmer variety, these indicators were at the level of soft wheat Odessa Epoch variety – 13.8 % and 45.8 cm3 respectively. Protein content has greatly varied over the years of research. In emmer wheat grain – from 15.2 to 17.3 %, and in Holikovska variety – from 11.7 to 15.3 %. There is a strong correlation between protein content in grain and sedimentation index according to Zelen test. The starch content varied from 48.5 to 69.1 % in Holikovska variety grain and from 50.0 to 61.7 % in LP 1152 line grain. The alpha amylase activity of wheat varieties has been low throughout the research years. The average ash content of Holikovska wheat grain was 1.81 %, the LP 1152 line was 1.95 %, which is 19–22 % higher compared to the standard varieties, respectively, the variety Akratos and Age of Odessa. Emmer wheat grain has a signifi cantly higher content of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc and copper. Key words: wheat, emmer, variety, biochemical composition, protein, starch, chemical elements, sedimentation.

Assessment of some biochemical parameters of apple juices from two cashew varieties as affected by three regions of co´te d Ivoire

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaila DABONNE ◽  
Touré Naka ◽  
Djè Kouakou Martin ◽  
Kouamé Lucien Patrice
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Cashew Apple

Some biochemical parameters of juices from two red and yellow cashew apple varieties from three regions of Cote d Ivoire were analyzed. The parameters such as proteins, total soluble solids, total sugars, dry matters, and ashes had contents in juices ranging from 0.35 ± 0.01 % to 0.65 ± 0.02 %, 9.66 ± 0.28 % to 14.40 ± 0.10 %, 270.20 ± 5.15 g/L to 381.04 ± 9.86 g/L, 8.94 ± 0.02 % to 11.45 ± 0.43 % and 1.19 ± 0.01 % to 1.51 ± 0.03 % respectively. Besides, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the region and variety had significant effects (P≤ 0.05) on these parameters. It so appeared significant differences (P≤ 0.05) between their contents. As for pH, these values varying from 4.00 ± 0.10 to 4.74 ± 0.10, differed meaningfully (P≤ 0.05) from one variety to another, whatever the region is. Otherwise, the results revealed that both red and yellow cashew apple varieties juices contained high rate of Tannins (1081.99 ± 34.64 - 2561.61 ± 95.11 mg/L), Flavonoids (223.83 ± 2.94 mg/L - 490.04 ± 5.32 mg/L) and total phenolic compounds (1587.59 ± 76.99 - 3043.03 ± 69.87 mg/L) whereas the carotenoid (0.97± 0.02 mg/mL -2.94 ± 0.02 mg/L) and Anthocyanin (6.57 ± 0.17 mg/L to 10.38 ± 0.15 mg/L) contents were found low. They also indicated yellow cashew apple variety juice didn't contain Anthocyanin content. Besides, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the region and variety main effect had significant effects (P 0.05) on these parameters. Thus, there were significant differences (P 0.05) between their rates. Furthermore, studies mineral elements (K, P, Mg, and Na) were only affected by improvement zone except to Na and they varied significantly (p 0.05). Red and yellow Cashew apple juices were the best sources of mineral elements and could be used in the diets of infants and young children. It was also rich in Vitamin C (210.61±5.01 mg/100mL and 403.73 ± 8.88 mg/100mL) and should be considered a potential supply source of adequate daily nutritional requirement for children and adults.

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