"Thoughts on Waters and Lands of Japan" by Nishikawa Joken (1648 – 1724)

2021 ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Anna A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
Geographic Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Nature ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning

The present publication is a translation of Nishikawa Joken’s (1648 – 1724) treatise Nihon Suido Ko:(“Thoughts on Waters and Lands of Japan”), with commentaries and a preface. The treatise was composed approximately in 1700 and published in Kyoto in the beginning of the 18th century. Nishikawa based his work on traditional East-Asian system of knowledge as well as on the European geographical data. This eclectic combination produced an original work, which one can hardly attribute as a reproduction of Western science, neither as Japanese traditional thought. The aim of the author was to describe the position of Japan within the world and to explain why this position was unique and advantageous. Although attempts to reconsider Japan’s inferior to China position were not uncommon during the Tokugawa age, Nishikawa’s originality lies in his way of argumentation. He uses the rhetoric of geographic determinism. It is due to a specific location and consequently the advantageous interaction of elements and branches that Japan is the home for luminous deities. The good nature and the devotedness to the right rituals of the Japanese people are also the product of the beneficial geomantic characteristics. The other topics the author considers are the attempt to confound the bias that Japan is small in size, the underneath meaning and the etymology of different names of Japan, the general structure of the world. Nihon Suido Ko: is a valuable source on the early development of Japanese national self-identification as well as on the history of Japanese geographic thought.

scholarly journals Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs: historical and genealogical essay

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
S.N. Korusenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

This paper aims at reconstructing the genealogy of Siberian Tatars of Knyazevs (Western Siberia), identifying the origins of their surname, which is not characteristic of the Tatars, and at analysis of the influence of socio-political and socio-economical processes in Russia in the 18th through 20th centuries on the social transformation of the family. The sources were represented by the materials of the Inventory Revision Book of Tarsky District of 1701 and census surveys of the end of 18th through 19th centuries, which allowed tracing the Knyazev family through the genealogical succession and identifying social status of its members. In this work, recordkeeping ma-terials of the 18th–20th centuries and contemporary genealogical and historical traditions of the Tatars have been utilized. In the research, the method of genealogical reconstructions by archival materials and their correlation with genealogies of modern population has been used. The history of the Knyazev family is inextricably linked to the history of modern village of Bernyazhka — one of the earliest settlements of the Ayalintsy (a group of the Si-berian Tatars) in the territory of the Tarsky Irtysh land which became the home to the Knyazevs for more than three centuries. The 1701Inventory Revision Book cites Itkuchuk Buchkakov as a local power broker of the Aya-lynsky Tatars in the village. During the 18th century, this position was inherited by his descendants who eventually lost this status in the beginning of the 19th century in the course of the managerial reforms by the Russian gov-ernment. Nevertheless, the social status of the members of the gens remained high. In the mid. 19th century, the village moved — the villagers resettled from the right bank of the River Irtysh onto the left one. As the result, the village was situated nearby the main road connecting the cities of Omsk and Tara. At the same time, the village became the center of the Ayalynskay region. That led to the strengthening of the social status and property en-richment of the descendants of Itkuchuk Buchkakov. The Knyzevs’ surname first appeared in the materials of the First All-Russia Census Survey of 1897. Some of the descendants signed up under this surname later in the Soviet period. During the Soviet years, members of the Knyzev’s gens had different destinies: some worked in the local government, whereas the others were subjected to political repressions and executed. Knyazevs took part in the Great Patriotic War and seven of them perished. Presently there are no descendants of the Knyazevs in Bernyazhka as they spread over the villages of the Omskaya Region, some living in Omsk and other towns of Russia and abroad.

scholarly journals A PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN THE SPIRITUAL ODES BY MIKHAIL LOMONOSOV

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-55
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nikolaev ◽  
Marina Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The research is based on the analysis of Mikhail Lomonosov’s poetic works, which he himself designated as the general genre of ‘Spiritual Odes.’ In the beginning of the work, the authors reveal the differences in the interpretation of the “benefits of sciences” by the great Russian poet and scientist and his European predecessors (Francis Bacon, René Descartes). The originality of Lomonosov’s response to this question becomes evident when compared with the prior assessments that had emerged in the Russian literary discourse. All these differences are explained by the conceptually new solutions offered by Mikhail Lomonosov in the world modeling process. A detailed analysis of his spiritual odes from the viewpoint of the spatial organization of their artistic world indicates the emergence of a completely new subjective position, which is absent in the works of both his literary predecessors and contemporaries (Vassiliy Trediakovskiy, Alexander Sumarokov). This is the position of a scientist, the emergence of which leads to significant adjustments to the artistic description of the spatial positions of God and man (an ordinary “mortal”). This results in a radical change of the artistic view of the world itself, presented in Mikhail Lomonosov's spiritual odes. This event is considered to be one of the most important in the Russian literary history of the 18th century.

scholarly journals Reorientasi Gerakan Feminisme Islam; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Kesetaraan Perempuan

FIKROTUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABD WARITS
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arbitrary Action

In the history of women's life, the woman has never cracked from the wild cry of helplessness. Woman always become victim of men’s egoism, marginalized, hurt, unfettered, fooled and never appreciated the presence and role. This situation troubles many intellectual Muslims who have perspective that Islam teaches equality, equality for all human beings in the world. The difference in skin color, race, tribe and nation, as well as gender does not cause them to get the status of the different rights and obligations. The potential and the right to life of every human being and the obligation to serve the Lord Almighty is the same. Indeed, all human beings, as caliph in the world, have the same obligation, namely to prosperity of life in the world. No one is allowed to act arbitrarily, destroying, or hurt among others. They are required to live side by side, united, and harmonious, help each other and respect each other. However, that "demand" never becomes a reality. The differences among human identities become a barrier and the cause of divisions. For them, those who are outside environment, different identities are "others" who rightly do not need them "know". The difference of identity has become a reason to allow "hurt" each other. Several intellectual Muslims who recognize the wrong (discrimination against women), and then they attempt to formulate a movement for women's liberation. All the efforts have been done on the basis of awareness that arbitrary action by any person can never be justified. They also realize, that the backwardness of women are "stumbling block" that will lead to the resignation of a civilization. However, this struggle found a lot of challenges; including the consideration of "insubordination" to conquer the power of men, despite it had done by using many strategies. Starting from the writing of scientific book and countless fiction themed women has been published in order to give awareness of equality between men and women. This paper seeks to reexamine the process of the empowerment struggle to give a brand new concept, so that the struggle of women empowerment is not as insubordination and curiosity process in an attempt to conquer the male. Through approach of literature review and observations on the relationship between men and women, the writer finally concluded that the movement of Islamic feminism is not a movement to seize the power of men, but an attempt to liberate women from oppression so that they get the rights of their social role, giving freedom for women to pursue a career as wide as possible like a man, without forgetting a main duty as a mother: to conceive, give birth and breastfeed their children.

Cosmos: The Universe Translated

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-232
Author(s):  
Alison E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Fourth Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This chapter is devoted to Humboldt’s last, great work Cosmos. This multi-volume ‘Sketch of a Physical Description of the World’ ranged encyclopaedically from the darkest corners of space to the smallest forms of terrestrial life, describing the larger systems at work in the natural world. But, as British reviewers were swift to query, where was God in Humboldt’s mapping of the universe? Appearing on the market in 1846, just a year after Robert Chambers’ controversial Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, Humboldt’s Cosmos unavoidably underwent close scrutiny. Hitherto overlooked correspondence between Humboldt and Edward Sabine shows how the Sabines deliberately reoriented the second volume of the English translation for Longman/Murray explicitly to include references to the ‘Creator’ and thus restore Humboldt’s reputation. The fourth volume of the Longman edition on terrestrial magnetism – Edward Sabine’s specialism – included additions endorsed by Humboldt which made Sabine appear as co-writer alongside the great Prussian scientist, and Cosmos a more obviously ‘English’ product. Otté, who produced the rival translation for Bohn, was initially under pressure herself to generate ‘original’ work that differed from its rival, producing a version of a work that would remain central to scientific thought well up to the end of the nineteenth century.

Walk in the history of the city and its environs

10.12737/6572 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Наталья Гаршина ◽  
Natalya Garshina
Keyword(s):  
Excursion Theory ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
City Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Walking Tour ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Having a look at the tourist space as a cultural specialist, the author drew attention to the fact that the closest to the modern man is a city environment he contacts and sometimes encounters in everyday life and on holidays. And every time whether he wants it or not, it opens in a dif erent way. One way of getting to know the world has long been a walking tour. It’s not just a walk hand in hand with a pleasant man or hasty movement to the right place, but namely the tour, in which a knowledgeable person with a soulful voice will speak about the past and present of the city and its surroundings, as if it is about your life and the people close to you. Turning to the beginning of the twentieth century, the experience of scientists-excursion specialists we today can learn a lot to improve the process of building up a tour, and most importantly the transmission of knowledge about the world in which we live. Well-known names of the excursion theory founders to professionals are I. Grevs, N. Antsiferov, N. Geynike and others. They are given in the context of ref ection on the historical development of walking tours, which haven’t lost their value and attract both creators and consumers of tour services.

Artistic Influences Analysis of Iraqi National Costumes

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 735-745
Author(s):  
Alttabi Furat Jamal Hassan ◽  
Xiang Yang Bian ◽  
Xiao Yu Xin
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
The North ◽  
Wool Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Head Cover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southern Iraq

There were signs of the first civilization known to humanity for more than 6000 years BC in the north of Iraq have disappeared this civilization to appear after 500 years in southern Iraq, the Sumerian civilization, which was considered as the opinion of scientists or civilizations, exceeds the impact to Asia and the countries that had been in contact (Sumerians) and see them today in other towns and villages. In subsequent periods of time appeared distinct personalities to their nature, religious, social, special clothing with clothes seem especially long. And usually dress is made from raw wool material making them in the Sumerian era. Put the garment on the body and leaves the top of the right shoulder with the survival of an open hand. There are of special clothing used by the clergy in the exercise of religious mourning rituals .There are traditional clothes to the clergy of other faiths. The clothing we see in the beginning of the third millennium BC has gained status in society in general, and was also the head cover. The animals have for centuries symbolized the signs of a divinity that we see hanging on the walls of some temples in northern Iraq. Centuries have been mentioned in the history of the Arabian were animal horns in Sumerian times to symbolize the moon in the Sumerian language .

scholarly journals XV. The History of the Logos

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Herbert Baynes
Keyword(s):  
Creative Power ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
In The Beginning

“In the beginning was the Word” is a truth the sublimity of which grows upon us the more we ponder it. And, indeed, the common consciousness of mankind has ascribed to the Logos the supreme act of Creation. Alike in India, China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, the world is said to exist as the audible thought of the Deity. Moreover, the creative power of the divine Voice is intimately associated with the possession of the sacred Name.

scholarly journals About this title - Celebrating 100 Years of Female Fellowship of the Geological Society: Discovering Forgotten Histories

10.1144/sp506 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 506 (1) ◽  
pp. NP-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Burek ◽  
B. M. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Early American ◽  
The World ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Sciences

The Geological Society of London was founded in 1807. At the time, membership was restricted to men, many of whom became well-known names in the history of the geological sciences. On the 21 May 1919, the first female Fellows were elected to the Society, 112 years after its formation.This Special Publication celebrates the centenary of that important event. In doing so it presents the often untold stories of pioneering women geoscientists from across the world who navigated male-dominated academia and learned societies, experienced the harsh realities of Siberian field-exploration, or responded to the strategic necessity of the ‘petroleum girls’ in early American oil exploration and production.It uncovers important female role models in the history of science, and investigates why not all of these women received due recognition from their contemporaries and peers. The work has identified a number of common issues that sometimes led to original work and personal achievements being lost or unacknowledged, and as a consequence, to histories being unwritten.

scholarly journals A Fragment from Chronicle of George Synkellos in Slavonic Translation

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Totomanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Eastern Traditions ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Made In

The only fragment from the Chronicle of George Synkellos in Slavic translation is found in a chronographic compilation known in five Russian witnesses of the 15th – 16th cc. A large and coherent excerpt from the Chronography of Julius Africanus that survived in about 100 fragments scattered in Latin, Greek and Eastern traditions became a basis of the compilation. Africanus’ excerpt reveals the Christian history of the world from the Creation to the Resurrection of Christ and occupies about two thirds of the whole text. It is complemented by the end of Synkellos’ Chronicle that stops with Diocletian’s reign and by the beginning of the Chronicle of his follower Theophanes the Confessor, which brings the narrative to the foundation of Constantinople. The missionary pathos of the compilation leaves no doubt and makes us think that it occurred on Byzantine soil in the first half of the 9th c. after the end of the iconoclasm. The Linguistic features of the Slavonic text prove that the translation was made in Bulgaria in the early 10th century during the reign of Simeon the Great (893–927). The paper explores the traces of the editorial work of the compilers, who were supposed to bring into line the two historical narratives that disagree in their historical and chronological concepts and refer to different sources. The problem deserves attention given the fact that in the beginning of the last century V. Istrin erroneously identified the compilation as an abridged and even draft version of the Chronicle of Synkellos.

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