scholarly journals NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, AND VERBS AS COMPONENTS OF GERMAN COMPOUND WORDS: РECULIARITIES OF SEMANTICS AND COMBINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-218
Author(s):  
Yuliia Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Semantic Identity

In the article semantic features of nouns, adjectives, and verbs as components of German determinative compound words with the models “noun + noun”, “adjective + noun”, “verb + noun” are investigated using three functional styles (belletristic, publicistic and scientific). Their lexico-semantic subclasses (34 subclasses of nouns, 14 of adjectives and 19 of verbs) were singled out and taken for the further analysis of combination of components in compound words. Using traditional methods (analysis by direct components, transformation analysis, modelling method and analysis of components or sems), as well as quantitative (chi-square criterion and coefficient K) some features of compatibility have been analyzed and its main characteristics have been identified. In this respect, the compatibility ratio of the registered models to the theoretically expected ones has been elucidated. Its intensity has been proved to be determined by the coefficient K and shows the strength of the connection between the components, as well as the number of stable connections. It was established that the model "noun + noun" is characterized by the broadest combinatory range (0.8), thus demonstrating the high activity and popularity of compound nouns of this type in the most lexico-semantic subclasses. Stable connections between components are fixed in all of the models under study, however their quantity and intensity differ. Thus, most stable connections are in a model "noun + noun" (14% of total number of the fixed models), the most powerful connection (K = 0.27) in LSS of nouns “Plants” + LSS of nouns “Plants” and LSS of adjectives “Belonging” + LSS of nouns “State, its attributes”. The research has also proved that semantic identity or congruence of components, when units of the same LSS are combined in one model or consistency is observed between them.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF COMPOUND WORDS WITH THE KATZE COMPONENT IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Римма Хатиповна Каримова ◽  
Оксана Анатольевна Хабибуллина
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
German Word ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
History Of

Введение. Рассмотрены немецкие сложные существительные с компонентом Katze / Kater, а также прилагательные и глаголы с указанным компонентом, большое количество которых подтверждает продуктивность немецкого словосложения. Цель ‒ определить особенности семантики зоонима Katze в составе сложных слов, выявить структурный состав и тематические группы сложных слов с названным компонентом, что также даст представление о словообразовательных особенностях языка. Материал и методы. Центром значения исследуемых тематических групп сложных слов является зооним Katze / Kater. В подтверждение неоспоримой продуктивности словосложения в немецком языке в качестве материала для исследования было отобрано 172 сложных существительных с компонентом Katze и семь лексических единиц с компонентом Kater, из них 152 слова, в которых данный компонент является определительным словом, и 20 слов, где данный компонент ‒ определяющее слово. Кроме того, к этой группе слов примыкают прилагательные с указанным компонентом (17 слов) и три глагола. Номинационными признаками исследуемых сложных слов выступают метафорический и метонимический перенос, главной особенностью таких наименований является их смысловая двуплановость, т. е. «игра» переносного и буквального значений слова. Результаты и обсуждение. Показано, насколько активно компонент Katze / Kater выступает в качестве компонента немецких сложных слов. По своей структуре отобранные для исследования лексемы можно распределить на семь тематических групп, а по значению – на девять. Теоретическая значимость определяется результатами решения поставленной задачи. Исследование вносит вклад в развитие теории словообразования и семантики. Практическая ценность заключается в возможности использования результатов исследования при разработке лекционных курсов и семинарских занятий по лексикологии и истории немецкого языка, теории перевода. Заключение. Тематические группы сложных слов с компонентом Katze / Kater выражают непосредственное отношение к экстралингвистической реальности. Introduction. The article deals with the German compound nouns with the Katze / Kater component as well as adjectives and verbs with the component, a large number of which confirm the productivity of the German word composition. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the semantics of the zoonym Katze in the composition of compound words, to identify the structural composition and thematic groups of compound words with the named component, which also gives an idea of the derivational features of the language. Material and methods. It is necessary to classify the vocabulary composition of the language to facilitate the study of it. The zoonym Katze / Kater is the center of meaning of the thematic groups of compound words studied by us. To confirm the undeniable productivity of word composition in the German language, there were selected 172 compound nouns with the Katze component and seven lexical units with the Kater component as material, this component is a definitive word of the 152 words where together with the 20 words with this component is viewed as a defining word. In addition to this group of words, adjectives with the indicated component (17 words) and 3 verbs are studied. Metaphorical and metonymic transfer are the nominal features of the studied compound words; the main feature of such names is their semantic bi-planarity, i.e. «Game» of figurative and literal meanings of the word. Results and discussion. The article shows how active the Katze / Kater is as a component of German compound words. According to their structure, the lexemes selected for the study can be divided into 7 thematic groups, and into 9 according to their meaning. The theoretical significance is determined by the results of solving the problem. The research contributes to the development of the theory of word formation and semantics. The practical value of the research is determined by the possibility of using the research results in the development of lecture courses and seminars on Lexicology and History of the German language, Translation theory. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the study confirmed the authors’ assumption that thematic groups of compound words with the Katze / Kater component express a direct relationship to extralinguistic reality.

scholarly journals The Food, Feelings, and Family Study: comparison of the efficacy of traditional methods, social media, and broadcast email to recruit pregnant women to an observational, longitudinal nutrition study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Crystal Alvarez ◽  
Sylvia Crixell ◽  
Michelle A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Recruitment Method ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Health Care Intervention ◽  
Time Investment

Abstract Background It is well known that recruitment is a challenging aspect of any study involving human subjects. This challenge is exacerbated when the population sought is reticent to participate in research as is the case with pregnant women and individuals with depression. This paper compares recruitment methods used for the Food, Feelings, and Family Study, an observational, longitudinal pilot study concerning how diet and bisphenol A exposure affect maternal mood and cognitive function during and after pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women were recruited to this study over a period of 15 months using traditional methods, social media including paid and unpaid posts, and emails broadcast to the university community. Contingency analysis using the Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine if recruitment method was associated with likelihood of participation. T-tests were used to analyze Facebook advertisement success. ANOVAs and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if recruitment method was related to continuous and categorical demographics, respectively. Results Social media resulted in the largest number of recruits, followed by traditional methods and broadcast email. Women recruited through social media were less likely to participate. In contrast, use of broadcast email resulted in a smaller pool of recruits but these recruits were more likely to be eligible for and complete the study. Most women recruited via social media were the result of unpaid posts to the study’s Facebook page. Paid posts lasting at least 4 days were the most successful. Recruitment method was not associated with participant demographics. Conclusions Social media has the potential to recruit a large pool of potential subjects; however, when studies require a large time investment such as the case here, women recruited through social media are less likely to participate and complete the study than women recruited through other means. Trial registration N/A. This study does not describe a health care intervention.

scholarly journals ENGLISH COMPOUND WORDS USED IN THE JAKARTA POST HEALTH COLUMN ON THIRD WEEK OF APRIL 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Felix Stefani Sisvinda
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
The Third ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Compound Verb

This study aims to describe the formation and the meaning of compound words that related to COVID-19 pandemics used in The Jakarta Post’s Health Column Article on Third Week of April 2020. There are two research question in this study: (1) What are the type of COVID-19 compound words and their lexical categories found in The Jakarta Post’s Health Column Article on Third Week of April 2020, and (2) How does those related COVID-19 compound words create meaning. To answer the research question, the writer uses the theory of morphology and semantics. The findings showed that there are 26 compound words in The Jakarta Post’s Health Column on the third week of April 2020. Based on the type of compound words, there are 86.4% compound noun, 11.5% compound adjective, and 3.9% compound verb. The most dominant lexical category is from compound nouns which are Noun+Noun and Adjective + Noun.  Based on the meaning of compound words, there are are 80.76% endocentric compounds and 19.24% exocentric compounds.Keywords: Compound words, COVID-19, Morphology, Semantics

scholarly journals Pragmalinguistic aspects of compound nouns in English and Uzbek

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Ergashbayevna Yuldasheva ◽  
Sanobar Tursunboyevna Yusupova ◽  
Mukhtorjon Yakubovich Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Malika Abduvaitovna Abdujabborova ◽  
Nilufar Abdurashidovna Abdurashidova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This article describes compound nouns in English and Uzbek, their specific pragmatic aspects. Although the problem of compound nouns in linguistics has been studied by many linguists, there are many unsolved problems in comparing compound words in languages ??and analyzing them from a pragmalinguistic point of view. The compound word, which has a special place in the richness of language vocabulary, is in fact a convenient way of naming in simple terms the concepts of events that take place in reality, of existing objects. Hence, it can be concluded that the study of semantic, grammatical and syntactic features of language alone is not enough. As a result, the field of "pragmatics" has found its place in linguistics, having its own goals and objectives. In addition, the article also uses analysis from examples from the literature to reveal the pragmatic nature of compound words. However, scientific examples have shown that no sign is a leading factor in determining the nature of compound words.

scholarly journals Comparative Investigation of English and Armenian Compound Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Sirarpi Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Linking Element

The novel “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald published in 1925 is one of the timeless classics of world literature which was investigated from different linguistic perspectives. Its vocabulary is abundant in compound words with a variety of morphological, syntactic, semantic peculiarities. In this paper, we aim at studying compound words in “The Great Gatsby” to illustrate their patterns in English and Armenian. We have investigated the compounds from the morphological-categorial point of view, from the perspective of the syntactic relations between their constituent parts. We have also briefly touched upon some of their semantic features. At the same time, a close attention was paid to the different ways in which compound patterns were translated into Armenian. The study of the main target of the paper is based on Sona Seferyan's translation of the novel “The Great Gatsby” into Armenian. A lot of examples of both synthetic (closed) and analytical (juxtaposed) compounds have been picked out. In Armenian within synthetic compounds we differentiate between those with a linking element, e. g. “աշխարհամարտ” (where “ա” is the linking element) and the ones without а linking element, e. g. “արևելք”. We assume that the peculiarities of compounds revealed in this paper will have significance not only for the description of their characteristic features but also for the general typological characterization of the languages under study.

scholarly journals CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AS THE SOURCE OF THE GERMAN COMPOUND WORDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Kovbasyuk L.A.
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
New Compounds

Мета нашого дослідження полягає в багатоаспектному вивченні утворення іменників-композитів німецької мови під час пандемії COVID-19, в аналізі їхньої структури, семантики та семантичних трансформацій. Для досягнення цієї мети необхід-но вирішити такі завдання: 1) скласти корпус композит, 2) вивчити їхні структурно-семантичні ознаки, 3) визначити наявні семантичні трансформації одиниць дослідження.Методи. Методологічною основою нашого дослідження є: 1) метод суцільної вибірки для складання корпусу композитів, 2) метод історичного дослідження для встановлення типу та структури композиту, 3) метод семантичного аналізу для висвіт-лення семантики композита, 4) концептуальний аналіз для визначення семантичних трансформацій.Результати. Словоскладання є одним із найпродуктивніших способів словотворення німецької мови. У сучасній німецькій мові є такі різновиди написання композит: разом згідно з класичною граматикою, через дефіс (и), кожний компонент із великої літери або окремо та з великих літер як в англійській мові. Аналіз відібраних композит дав змогу визначити тенденції у пло-щині словоскладання під час пандемії COVID-19: 1) словоскладання є продуктивним для утворення німецьких іменників, найпродуктивнішою моделлю композита є двокомпонентна структура N. + N; 2) складовими компонентами німецьких компо-зит є запозичення з англійської, грецької, італійської (латинської) та французької мов; 3) важливу роль у процесах утворення нових композитів відіграють префіксоіди та префікси; 4) словоскорочення є складовим компонентом багатьох композит у часи пандемії коронавірусу. У роботі виявлено такі типи композит: 1) детермінативні композити, 2) бахувріхі, 3) контамінації, 4) зрощення. Детермінативні композити утворюють найбільшу групу в корпусі нашого дослідження. Більша частина новітніх композитів є неологізмами. У проаналізованому корпусі представлені як композити з прямим значенням, так і композити, які є концептуальними метафорами або метоніміями, оказіональними утвореннями.Висновки. Проведене дослідження дало змогу встановити основні тенденції словоскладання в німецькій мові під час пан-демії коронавірусу. Композити проаналізовано з урахуванням їхньої структури та семантики. Перспектива майбутніх дослі-джень полягає у всебічному контрастивному аналізі композит у сучасній німецькій та сучасній українській мовах, аналізі використання композит у процесі навчання іноземної мови. Purpose. This article deals with German compounding as one of the most productive forms of word formation of nouns in the time of the coronavirus pandemic. This article aims to take into account the types of compounding, to determine the structural-semantic characteristics of compounds, and to describe existing semantic transformations. It is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1) to compose a corpus of composite, 2) to study their structural and semantic features and 3) to determine the existing semantic transformations of research units.Methods. The methodological framework of our empirically supported study includes text analysis for the preparation of the list of compounds, the methods of historical word formation research to research the type of compounding and the structure of the compound words, the semantic analysis for determining the meaning of the selected compounds and the conceptual analysis to determine their semantic transformations.Results. Word formation is one of the most productive ways of word building in German language. In modern German compound words are written: together according to classical grammar, through a hyphen (s), each component with a capital letter or separately and with capital letters as in English.The analysis of the compound words made it possible to determine some tendencies of compounding in a coronavirus pandemic: 1) compounding is particularly productive in the noun area, the most productive is the two-part structure N. + N.; 2) the compounds contain borrowings from English, Greek, Italian (Latin) and French as constituents; 3) prefixoids and prefixes become an important part of the formation of new compounds; 4) many compounds of the coronavirus pandemic have different types of short words as a constituent. We distinguish between the following types of compounds: 1) determinative compounds, 2) possessive compounds, 3) contamination, and 4) phrasal compounds. Determinative compounds form the largest group. Most compounds are neologisms. In our corpus, there are both compounds with a direct meaning as well as compounds that are conceptual metaphors or metonymies, occasional words.Conclusions. The study has shown at a glance which tendencies are present in German compounding during a coronavirus pandemic period. The compound words have been analyzed from their structure and their semantics. The perspective of future research lies in the versatile contrastive analysis of the compounds in contemporary German and contemporary Ukrainian; in the sensible use of compound words in foreign language teaching.

scholarly journals COMPOUND WORDS THAT OCCUR DURING THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC COVID-19: A MORPHOSEMANTIC STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ervina CM Simatupang ◽  
Ida Zuraida Supri
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

This study aims to analyse and examine closely the category of compound words that occur during the global pandemic COVID-19 and their type of meaning. The method used in carrying out the study was a descriptive analysis method. The data used were taken from the official website of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the �Your Questions Answered� section. The results demonstrated that there are two types of compound word found, namely compound nouns (67%) and compound verbs (33%). Besides, there are three types of meaning found, namely literal meaning (50%), semi-idiomatic meaning (33%), and idiomatic meaning (17%). Furthermore, in the category of compound nouns, the types of meaning that occur are literal meaning (50%), semi-idiomatic meaning (25%), and idiomatic meaning (25%). Meanwhile, the types of meaning that appear in the category of compound verbs are literal meaning (50%) and semi-idiomatic meaning (50%).

Identifying features of health misinformation on social media sites: an exploratory analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Feicheng Ma ◽  
Yunmei Liu ◽  
Wenjing Pian
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the features of health misinformation on social media sites (SMSs). The primary goal of the study is to investigate the salient features of health misinformation and to develop a tool of features to help users and social media companies identify health misinformation.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data include 1,168 pieces of health information that were collected from WeChat, a dominant SMS in China, and the obtained data were analyzed through a process of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Then chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were adopted to identify salient features of health misinformation.FindingsThe findings show that the features of health misinformation on SMSs involve surface features, semantic features and source features, and there are significant differences in the features of health misinformation between different topics. In addition, the list of features was developed to identify health misinformation on SMSs.Practical implicationsThis study raises awareness of the key features of health misinformation on SMSs. It develops a list of features to help users distinguish health misinformation as well as help social media companies filter health misinformation.Originality/valueTheoretically, this study contributes to the academic discourse on health misinformation on SMSs by exploring the features of health misinformation. Methodologically, the paper serves to enrich the literature around health misinformation and SMSs that have hitherto mostly drawn data from health websites.

scholarly journals Pashto-English Hybridization: Unknotting the knitted Compound Words

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Liaqat Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Atif
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
English Word ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Compound Nouns

Hybridization has a significant role in creating words that have the flavor of both the knotted languages. It not only results in the formation of single words but also leads to compound word creation. The present study aims to unveil hybridization in compound words. For this purpose, 5 Pashto TV programmes from Khyber News were selected through purposive sampling. In this study, the framework developed by Kachru (1978) and adapted by Rasul (2006) has been employed. The findings show that hybridization in compounding is a frequently occurring phenomenon that usually has different arrangements of words from both languages, i.e., Pashto words coming before the English word or vice versa depending on the nature of compounding; however, mostly the Pashto words were placed before. Out of the 84 examples of hybridized compounds, there were only two adjectives, and the rest were compound nouns.

scholarly journals Compound words used in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ririn Dwi Cahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Contextual Meaning

<p>This study was aimed at describing the types, the function, and the meaning of the compound words used in Stephenie Meyer’s <em>Twilight</em>. A qualitative method with the content analysis was applied in this study. The object of this study was compound words. For the data collection, it was used the techniques such as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. This study was validated by using triangulation. The findings showed that there are 253 compound words. Based on the type of compound words, there are 5 compound words categorized as open form, 65 compound words categorized as hyphenated form, and 183 compound words categorized as closed form. Based on the function of compound words, there are 173 compound nouns, 13 compound verbs, and 67 compound adjectives. Referring to the meaning of compound words found from the contextual meaning, there are 140 words of the exocentric compound and 113 words of the endocentric compound.</p>

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