scholarly journals PENGUJIAN PARAMETER FISIK SABUN MANDI CAIR DARI SURFAKTAN SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Devita Cahyaningsih ◽  
Nina Ariesta ◽  
Rizki Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Oven Test ◽  
Test Room ◽  
Ether Sulfate ◽  
Neutralization Process ◽  
Test Color

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID SHOWER SOAP CONTAINED OF SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES) SURFACTANTSoap could be produced by saponification and neutralization process. It was contained of fatty acid, KOH, glycerin, and surfactan. The properties of surfactant determined physical properties of soap as the quality parameter of soap.  The study was conducted to examine some of the physical parameters of liquid bath soap (stability test: color, aroma, viscosity, homogeneity, viscosity and pH) in accordance with applicable standards. The study was conducted using soap which was contained of SLES surfactants (Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate). The results were pH 8.61 and viscosity 55254 cps on stability test include oven test, cycle test, room test, and sun test.Keywords: liquid shower, Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate, soap stability ABSTRAKSabun yang merupakan salah satu kosmetik pembersih dapat dibuat melalui dua proses, yaitu saponifikasi dan netralisasi. Sabun tersusun dari berbagai bahan, seperti asam lemak, KOH, gliserin, dan surfaktan. Sifat surfaktan dalam sabun menentukan sifat fisik dari sabun yang dihasilkan dan sebagai salah satu faktor penentu mutu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji beberapa parameter fisik sabun mandi cair (uji stabilitas: warna, aroma, kekentalan, homogenitas, viskositas dan pH) sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku, sehingga dapat dilanjutkan ke tahap pengujian berikutnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan surfaktan SLES (Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate). Beberapa parameter fisik terukur adalah pH 8,61 dan viskositas 55254 cps pada pengujian stabilitas meliputi oven test, cycle test, room test, dan sun test.Kata Kunci: sabun cair, Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate, stabilitas sabun

scholarly journals Analysis of the Physical Properties of Seeds of Selected Viburnum Species for the Needs of Seed Sorting Operations

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Kaliniewicz ◽  
Dariusz J. Choszcz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Physical Attributes

Viburnum is a genus of colorful and ornamental plants popular in landscape design on account of their high esthetic appeal. The physical properties of viburnum seeds have not been investigated in the literature to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seeds of selected Viburnum species and to search for potential relationships between their physical attributes for the needs of seed sorting operations. The basic physical parameters of the seeds of six Viburnum species were measured, and the relationships between these attributes were determined in correlation and regression analyses. The average values of the evaluated parameters were determined in the following range: terminal velocity—from 5.6 to 7.9 m s−1, thickness—from 1.39 to 1.87 mm, width—from 3.59 to 6.33 mm, length—from 5.58 to 7.44 mm, angle of external friction—from 36.7 to 43.8°, mass—from 16.7 to 35.0 mg. The seeds of V. dasyanthum, V. lentago and V. sargentii should be sorted in air separators, and the seeds of V. lantana and V. opulus should be processed with the use of mesh screens with round apertures to obtain uniform size fractions. The seeds of V. rhytodophyllum cannot be effectively sorted into batches with uniform seed mass, but they can be separated into groups with similar dimensions.

scholarly journals Understanding Type II Supernovae

2005 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zampieri ◽  
M. Ramina ◽  
A. Pastorello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Expansion Velocity ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Robust Estimates

SummaryWe present the results of a systematic analysis of a group of Type II plateau supernovae that span a large range in luminosities, from faint objects like SN 1997D and 1999br to very luminous events like SN 1992am. The physical properties of the supernovae appear to be related to the plateau luminosity or the expansion velocity. The simultaneous analysis of the observed light curves, line velocities and continuum temperatures leads us to robust estimates of the physical parameters of the ejected envelope. We find strong correlations among several parameters. The implications of these results regarding the nature of the progenitor, the central remnant and the Ni yield are also addressed.

scholarly journals Study on the Water-Physical Properties of the Cement-Plaster Bonded Rock-Like Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Zhiguo Cao ◽  
Xiaomeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Fluid Coupling ◽  
Softening Coefficient ◽  
Solid Fluid Coupling

The cement-plaster bonded rock-like material is one of the most commonly used materials to simulate different rocks in physical model tests. However, the applicability of this material in solid-fluid coupling model tests is not clear because there are few research studies on the water-physical properties of this material and its similarity to the actual rock is uncertain. This paper presents a systemic experimental study on the water-physical properties of the cement-plaster bonded rock-like materials. The parameters of rock-like materials, including water absorption, softening coefficient, and permeability coefficient, were compared with those of actual rocks to analyse the applicability of such material. Then, the influence of proportion on the water-physical properties of this material was discussed. By multiple regression analysis of the test results, empirical equations between the water-physical parameters and proportions were proposed. The equations can be used to estimate the water-physical properties of cement-plaster bonded rock-like materials with specific proportion and thus to select suitable materials in the solid-fluid coupling physical model tests.

scholarly journals Effect of Rejuvenator Containing Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA) on Physical Properties, Chemical Components, Colloidal Structure and Micro-Morphology of Aged Bitumen

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Kuang ◽  
Zhou Ye ◽  
Lifeng Yang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zaihong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Structure Transformation ◽  
Colloidal Structure ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Oven Test ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Micro Morphology

DBSA was used as a solubilizer together with conventional rejuvenator (CR) to produce a solubilized rejuvenator (SR), two kinds of aged bitumen involving TFOT aged bitumen and PAV aged bitumen were obtained by thin film oven test (TFOT) and pressurized aging vessel (PAV), respectively. Effects of CR and SR on the physical properties, chemical components, colloidal structure and micro-morphology of TFOT aged bitumen and PAV aged bitumen were investigated. Testing results of physical properties and chemical components indicated that CR and SR can replenish aged bitumen with necessary aromatics, TFOT aged bitumen that chemical component variation deteriorates its physical properties. With regard to PAV aged bitumen, of which the performance attenuation lies in chemical components variation and colloidal structure transformation, even if the content of CR reached up to 10 wt %, the regenerated bitumen cannot meet the regeneration requirement yet due to its definite influence on colloidal structure transformation, comparatively, sulfonic group in SR can react with the superficial atoms of asphaltenes to reform a solvation layer to facilitate the colloidal structure transformation of PAV aged bitumen, performance and beelike structure of regenerated PAV aged with bitumen with 10 wt % SR were approximated to that of virgin bitumen.

scholarly journals First-Principles Calculations of High-Pressure Physical Properties of Ti0.5Ta0.5 Alloy

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Metallic Bond

In this paper, an in-depth theoretical study on some physical properties of Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy with systematic symmetry under high pressure is conducted via first-principles calculations, and relevant physical parameters are calculated. The results demonstrate that the calculated parameters, including lattice parameter, elastic constants, and elastic moduli, fit well with available theoretical and experimental data when the Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy is under T = 0 and P = 0 , indicating that the theoretical analysis method can effectively predict the physical properties of the Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy. The microstructure and macroscopic physical properties of the alloy cannot be destroyed as the applied pressure ranges from 0 to 50GPa, but the phase transition of crystal structure may occur in the Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy if the applied pressure continues to increase according to the TDOS curves and charge density diagram. The value of Young’s and shear modulus is maximized at P = 25   GPa . The anisotropy factors A ( 100 ) [ 001 ] and A ( 110 ) [ 001 ] are equal to 1, suggesting the Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy is an isotropic material at 28 GPa, and the metallic bond is strengthened under high pressure. The present results provide helpful insights into the physical properties of Ti0.5Ta0.5 alloy.

scholarly journals Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST – II. Physical properties and scaling relations for galaxies at z = 4–10

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 2855-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Y Aaron Yung ◽  
Rachel S Somerville ◽  
Gergö Popping ◽  
Steven L Finkelstein ◽  
Harry C Ferguson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Galaxy Populations ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The long anticipated James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be able to directly detect large samples of galaxies at very high redshift. Using the well-established, computationally efficient Santa Cruz semi-analytic model, with recently implemented multiphase gas partitioning, and H2-based star formation recipes, we make predictions for a wide variety of galaxy properties for galaxy populations at z = 4–10. In this work, we provide forecasts for the physical properties of high-redshift galaxies and links to their photometric properties. With physical parameters calibrated only to z ∼ 0 observations, our model predictions are in good agreement with current observational constraints on stellar mass and star formation rate distribution functions up to z ∼ 8. We also provide predictions representing wide, deep, and lensed JWST survey configurations. We study the redshift evolution of key galaxy properties and the scaling relations among them. Taking advantage of our models’ high computational efficiency, we study the impact of systematically varying the model parameters. All distribution functions and scaling relations presented in this work are available at https://www.simonsfoundation.org/semi-analytic-forecasts-for-jwst/.

The Preliminary Results of Rock Physical Properties in Yudu-Ganxian Ore Concentration Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Shao Wei Sun ◽  
Xin Peng Zhou ◽  
Zhen Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
New Information ◽  
Metallogenic Prognosis ◽  
Rock Physical Property

As the lack of work on comprehensive rock physical properties in deep geophysical exploration in Yudu-Ganxian ore concentration area, this paper focuses in comprehensive and systematic study about the comprehensive rock physical properties in this area. Known from the rock (ore) actual distribution in this area, this paper presents the comprehensive rock physical properties research method of the area, which use varieties of techniques to collect specimens systematic, determine the physical parameters, and even study the distribution characteristics and variation law of rock (ore) integrated rock physical properties parameters. In this paper, the results can provide the new information about integrated rock physical property parameters for understanding and explaining the integrated geophysical anomaly, providing the basis for the future in Nanling to carry out deep geophysical three-dimensional exploration and deep metallogenic prognosis.

scholarly journals Prediction of Physical Parameters of Pumpkin Seeds Using Neural Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bunyamin DEMIR ◽  
Ikbal ESKI ◽  
Zeynel A. KUS ◽  
Sezai ERCISLI
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
Agricultural Materials

The design of the machines and equipment used in harvest and post-harvest processing should be compatible with the physical, mechanical and rheological characteristics of the fruits and vegetables. In machine design for agricultural products, several characteristics of relevant products and seeds should be known ahead. Designers can either measure all these design parameters one by one, or they may use intelligent systems to estimate such parameters. Neural networks (NNs) are new computational tools that provide a quick and accurate means of physical properties prediction of agricultural materials, and have been shown to perform well in comparison with traditional methods. In this research, some physical properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seeds, including linear dimensions, volume, surface and projected area, geometric mean diameter and sphericity were calculated tridimensional in lab conditions. Then, prediction of these parameters was carried out using NNs. The research was divided into two parts; experimental investigation and simulation analysis with NNs. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Radial Basis Neural Network (RBNN) structures were employed to estimate physical parameters of the pumpkin seeds. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 0.6875 for BPNN and 0.0025 for RBNN structures. The RBNN structure was superior in prediction and could be used as an alternative approach to conventional methods.

An Investigation on Real and Imaginary Energy Transfer Mechanism Caused in Rotating Flow Passage of Centrifugal Pump

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaharu Tanaka ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Rotating Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Energy Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Force Velocity

Hydraulic energy is constructed from real and imaginary energies. Their acting directions are normal to each other. Their physical properties are quite different. All the physical parameters, such as force, velocity, and acceleration therefore consist of two different type real and imaginary functions. Physically, there are three different types of fluid particles rotational motion: straightly forward non-rotational motion, which is based upon kinetic real physical parameters, circularly forward rotational motion, which is based upon un-kinetic imaginary physical parameters, and their combined rotational motion. Their interrelation is shown in diagram.

scholarly journals Parameterization of physical properties of layered body structure into equivalent circuit model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiho Lee ◽  
Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Layered Body

Abstract BackgroundThis study presents a novel technique to develop an equivalent circuit model (ECM) for analyzing the responses of the layered body structure to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) by parameterizing electrical and geometrical properties. Many classical ECMs use custom meta-parameters instead of the physically driven parameters because of the difficulty in projecting physical properties directly into ECM. However, the difference in what parameters are customized hampers general agreement in modeling the responses to TENS. To overcome this limitation, we propose a tissue property-based (TPB) approach for the direct parameterization of the layered body structure.ResultsThe proposed method was first validated through in vitro phantom studies and then was applied in-vivo to analyze the TENS on the forearm. The TPB-ECM calculated the impedance network in the forearm and corresponding the responses to TENS. In addition, the modeled impedance was in good agreement with well-known impedance properties that have been achieved empirically.ConclusionsThe TPB approach uses the physical parameters instead of meta-parameters, thus overcoming the disagreement problem of conventional ECMs. Therefore, the TPB-ECM has a potential for widely-applicable TENS analysis and could provide impactful guidance in the TENS parameter design.

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