scholarly journals Tolerance to Uncertainty in Adolescence as aPsychological Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Semychenko ◽  
◽  
Oksana Oleksyuk ◽  
Kateryna Artyushina ◽  
◽  
...  

The article considers the problem of uncertainty as an integral attribute of modern human life. The importance of forming tolerance to uncertainty as an important means of organizing the life path of an individual is revealed. It is determined that the very ability of a young person to find his place in society, to properly build interpersonal relationships within the uncertainty of life events affects the future of both professional and life success. A young person in situations of uncertainty chooses one of two main strategies of action: destructive and constructive, which depends on the motivation and significance of the event for the individual. Scientists have developed different methods for studying tolerance / intolerance to uncertainty. This article presents the results of an empirical study that reveals the features of the development of tolerance for uncertainty in student youth

Author(s):  
Zaverukha O.Ya.

In the article the author conducts a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the definition of self-realization of a young person, reveals its structure, shows the areas where it works. And also shows the place of self-education in the structure of self-realization of the individual.Purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of readiness for self-education in the structure of self-realization of a young person.Methods. To achieve our goal, we used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis of theories of self-actualization and readiness for self-education, structuring scientific and psychological sources of information, which allowed to generalize and systematize the views of scientists on the research.Results. The author argues that the concept of self-realization in modern psychological science is under development, that is, there is still no generally accepted definition of this term. The most commonly used definition is the realization of the possibilities of self development through effort, co-creation, cooperation with other people, society and the world at large. The author argues that the features of personal self-realization are influenced by external and internal factors that hinder and contribute to the factors of self-realization, because each person by nature has a huge potential, which in the process of human life is realized under external influences. The degree of capacity development also depends on personal factors, external environmental conditions and their interaction with each other. He states that the mechanism of self-realization is launched in the case when the individual reaches the appropriate level of development. Orientation is based on self-determination and self-knowledge of the individual. Personal self-realization is individually special, manifested in the components of its structure and in quantitative indicators. There are different levels and types of self-realization, the highest of which meets the criteria of usefulness and satisfaction of self-realization for the person as a whole and for the environment.Conclusions. It was found that the readiness for self-education lies in the plane of additional areas of self-realization on a par with social interaction, social activity, hobbies, etc. Since self-education is motivated by intrinsic motivational factors of self-improvement and requires the use of special means of finding and mastering social experience, the author concludes that the readiness for self-education should be developed at student age, as during this period a person is able to overcome obstacles. her intellect is the basis for choosing the means and forms of active self-educational activity. Thus, the readiness for self-education has every chance to become a stable personal characteristic. Readiness for self-education is a system consisting of the following components: skill, efficiency, awareness, awareness and is represented by the unity of moral and volitional, cognitive and motivational components. The study of those components and individual aspects of self-education is the main requirement for their knowledge in the relationship and unity.Key words: self-realization, self-education, readiness for self-education, self-improvement, professional development, competitiveness. У статті представлено теоретичний аналіз дефініції самореалізації молодої особистості, розкрито її структуру та сфери, де вона працює, а також місце самоосвіти у структурі самореалізації особистості. Мета статті – розкрити сутність готовності до самоосвіти у структурі самореалізації особистості молодого віку. Методи. Для реалізації мети використано такі методи дослідження, як аналіз, синтез теорій самоактуалізації та готовності до самоосвіти, структурування науково-психологічних джерел інформації, що дало змогу узагальнити та систематизувати погляди вчених із досліджуваної проблематики.Результати. З’ясовано, що поняття самореалізації в сучасній психологічній науці перебуває на стадії розроблення, тобто загальноприйнятного визначення цього терміна досі немає. Найбільш уживаним є визначення про здійснення можливостей розвитку «Я» через зусилля, співтворчість, співдію з іншими людьми, соціумом та світом загалом. Визначено, що на особливості особистісної самореалізації впливають зовнішні та внутрішні чинники, що перешкоджають та сприяють чинникам самореалізацій, адже у кожній людині природою закладено величезний потенціал, який у процесі життя людини реалізується за умови зовнішніх впливів. Міра розвитку потенціалу також залежить від особистісних чинників, зовнішніх умов середовища та їх взаємодії. Констатовано, що механізм самореалізації активується тоді, коли особистість досягає відповідного рівня розвитку. Спрямованість відбувається на підставі самовизначення та самопізнання індивіда. Особистісна самореалізація особлива, вона виявляється у компонентах її структури та у кількісних показниках. Є різні рівні та види самореалізації, найвищий із яких відповідає крите-ріям корисності та задоволеності самореалізації як для особи загалом, так і для оточення. Висновки. З’ясовано, що готовність до самоосвіти лежить у площині додаткових сфер самореалізації разом із соціальною взаємодією, суспільною активністю, захопленнями тощо. Оскільки самоосвіта спонукається внутрішніми мотиваційними чинниками самовдосконалення та потребує використання особливих засобів пошуку та засвоєння соціального досвіду, авторка доходить висновку, що готовність до самоосвіти необхідно розвивати у студентському віці, позаяк у цей період людина здатна долати перешкоди на шляху свого становлення та самовдосконалення, її інтелект є основою для обрання засобів та форм активної самоосвітньої діяльності. Таким чином, готовність до самоосвіти має всі шанси стати стійкою особистісною характеристикою. Готовність до самоосвіти є системою, що складається з таких компонентів, як умілість, дієвість, усвідомленість, обізнаність, та представлена єдністю морально-вольових, пізнавальних та мотиваційних складників. Саме вивчення цих компонентів та окремих сторін самоосвіти є головною вимогою їх пізнання у взаємозв’язку та єдності.Ключові слова: самореалізація, самоосвіта, готовність до самоосвіти, самовдосконалення, професійний розвиток, конкурентоздатність.


2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-77
Author(s):  
Petro Myasoid

The study is dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of a prominent Ukrainian scholar, Academician V. Romenets (1926–1998) – the founder of cultural and historical psychology, the author of the theory of deed. The purpose of the study is to analyze ways of explaining the nature of the mental that exist in cultural and historical psychology, to characterize the work of the scholar and deepen the understanding of the subject of this discipline, and to analyze the theory of deed and take the next steps. The first part of the study characterizes the history and current state of cultural and historical psychology, the leading theories in this area, the problems that are not solved. It is stated that the authors of works in this field are just beginning to look in the direction, where the prominent Ukrainian scholar has already paved the way with Herculean efforts and ideas of great significance content. The article substantiates the proposition that the theory of deed of V. Romenets fills cultural-historical psychology with the real content and brings it to a fundamentally new level of development. The second part of the study presents the positions of the concept that sets the guidelines for analyzing the work of V. Romenets, periodization of creativity; the theory of deed is characterized as an explanation of the nature and essence of objectification of mental in action as a cornerstone of historical human existence in culture. According to V. Romenets, the image of a person in the history of culture appears as evidence of the psychology of the era, on this basis, the historical levels of formation of psychological knowledge are distinguished. The components of the theory of deed is given to the words of the scholar: the theory of creativity, the history of world psychology, historical psychology, the life path of a person, philosophy of the transitory, the theory of the sources of human life, a person as an inspiring personality, canonical psychology. The definitions of the components of the main triad in V. Romenets’ thinking are given: person – deed – world. It is noted that due to the work of the scientist, psychology is filled with proper humanistic content and highlights the cultural and historical mission of this science, which is to remind people of the responsibility for what has been done and has not been done, for what has been done and has been lost. It is claimed that the system of knowledge created by the scholar has no analogs in world psychology. The third part of the study analyzes Romenets’ solution to psychology’s main problem, represented by the relationship “subjective – objective”. In this regard, the place of the scholar’s creativity in Ukrainian and world science is determined. It is shown that the theory of deed is constructed by thinking, which is implemented as a deed, the theory of deed is a historical-logical-psychological product, its completion is the logical conclusion of the history of psychology. It is shown that the creativity of V. Romenets is in line with the leading trend in the history of epistemology, which runs from dualism to increasingly meaningful monism. A provision on the principle of involvement is introduced, which fixes the fact of a person’s direct presence in the cognitive process and is further deepened by the idea of the identity of thinking and being. It is shown that the principle of involvement essentially characterizes the creativity of V. Romenets and opens the possibility to see that psychological cognition is carried out by a particular scholar and that the individual in this process lies in the realm of natural as historical-logical-psychological. That which in epistemology acts as anthropocentrism, in psychology arises as the basis of the anthropological approach, the subject of which is the mental of a person as a directly present way of being inherent in it in the being of the world. The positions of the anthropological approach are formulated, it is noted that the approach is formed in the process of analyzing the creativity of V. Romenets and serves to study human life in its specific psychological dimension.


Author(s):  
Petro Saukh ◽  
Iryna Saukh

The analysis of one of the global problems of today — the crisis of spirituality — is provided. It is shown that the spirituality of a modern personality among other life values (family, career, money, health, friendship, love, leisure time) in the context of the Wheel of Life by Paul J. Mayer occupies an insignificant place. It is proved that the mentioned fact is a litmus test of the disharmony of modern human life. The destruction of value imperatives of the spiritual basis leads inevitably to a crisis, which applies to both the individual and society as a whole. Accordingly, the spiritual devastation's possible effects and the ways to prevent it based on the implementation of the New Humanism ideas are revealed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammad Takdir

<p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>This research aims to explain the phenomenon of Lia Eden community which is a new spiritual movement in the dynamics of religious life in Indonesia. Some points to be described in this research are related with a background of the birth and development of the Lia Eden community, teaching, and transformative vision in the public sphere. This research is a case study of the Lia Eden community that became of the New Age movement in the wake of belief in formal religions that considered failure in overcoming the modern human crisis. This research shows that Lia Eden community is a new spiritual movement </em><em>who tried to awaken a spirit of all religions so that able to overcome of a social problem in society. This movement is not ambitions to establish a new religious institution with a strict and doctrinal organization, but effort to transmit spiritual power at the individual level to become a reflection of the mystical movement that brought changes to human life.</em></p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan fenomena komunitas Lia Eden yang merupakan gerakan spiritualitas baru dalam dinamika kehidupan beragama di Indonesia. Beberapa poin yang ingin dijabarkan dalam penelitian ini adalah berkaitan dengan latar belakang kelahiran dan perkembangan komunitas Lia Eden, ajaran, dan visi transformatifnya dalam ruang publik. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dari komunitas Lia Eden yang menjadi bagian dari Gerakan Zaman Baru (<em>New Age Movement</em>) di tengah memudarnya kepercayaan terhadap agama formal yang dianggap gagal dalam mengatasi krisis kemanusian modern. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komunitas Lia Eden merupakan gerakan spiritualitas baru yang berupaya membangkitkan roh dari semua agama agar berperan dalam mengatasi masalah sosial di masyarakat. Gerakan ini tidak berambisi untuk mendirikan institusi baru yang bersifat keagamaan dengan organisasi yang ketat dan bersifat doktrinal, melainkan berupaya untuk men­transmisikan kekuatan spiritual pada level individu hingga menjadi cerminan dari gerakan mistik yang membawa perubahan bagi kehidupan manusia.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Oscar Lontoh

        This research trying to see the phenomenon of secularization that is dominating the world. Some people argue that secularization is  dangerous for the Christian faith while some say that it is just the opposite that secularization is necessary. What is developing now is that secularization becomes a movement in personal thought. Some experts distinguish between secularization and secularism. Secularism is a kind of ideology that remove everything supernatural defining ones life. Secularism refers to the fact that religion has lost influence on the societal, the institutional and the individual levels.  Preaching is a main part of church to educate the congregation about God, what His will and also supernatural being. Expository preaching is the method of teaching scripture. There are many other ways to preach a sermon that are beneficial to a congregation. However, that these other forms of preaching should never replace expository preaching in the life of the church. Solid expository preaching brings scripture to life. It connects the meaning of the passage to the life of the hearer, helping them to apply what they’ve heard to their specific life situations. This is the way to maintain people from leaving God and supernatural being in modern human life.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mateusz Komander

Online dating or flirt in the embrace of consumerismThe article is about interpersonal relations established by dating sites users. The analysis is about the rules of using these types of websites, as well as the rules of developing virtual relations. It is mainly an attempt to decide whether consumerism is already present in such intimate spheres of human life as feelings, intimate relations or sexual life. In the era of capitalism, each of the spheres of modern human life has been changed. It is noticeable in the most private, intimate areas. The question is whether interpersonal relationships on dating websites are based on emotions, feelings or the transactional principle of multiplying goods. There is also a significant paradox of dating sites — on the one hand internet users are people who are looking for love, emotions, on the other, they are consumers.


KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gribakin

The genesis of rights and duties of the individual as fundamental characteristics and the quality of a human life is presented in the dialectics of objectification as disobjectification of individuals' substance, their synthesis and individualization. It is stressed that the quantitative increase of officially recognized individual rights protected by the state strengthens the individualist tendencies in social relations. Mutual transition of rights and duties is confirmed by the dynamics of a personal life path.


2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Eusebi

L’affermazione della dignità umana implica il superamento dell’idea secondo cui si potrebbe agire negativamente verso un altro individuo in corrispondenza a un giudizio negativo sulle sue condizioni esistenziali, sulle sue qualità o sulla utilità del rapporto con lui. Ne deriva l’idea antitetica di rapporti intersoggettivi fondati sul riconoscimento di ogni altro come soggetto portatore di esigenze relazionali proprie della communitas humana. In questo senso, dandosi una connessione inscindibile tra ogni profilo dell’umano e la corporeità, solo il rispetto della vita in tutto l’arco in cui essa è in atto salvaguarda il principio di uguaglianza, quale presupposto della democrazia. La stessa decisione contro la propria vita, in quanto produce il venir meno dell’individuo come soggetto morale, non può ritenersi un’affermazione coerente della dignità umana. Sotto il profilo giuridico, configurare relazioni mediche finalizzate alla morte (ferma la non doverosità di trattamenti sproporzionati) compromette il ruolo garantistico svolto dalla tutela della vita, esponendo i soggetti più deboli a pregiudizi sostanziali della loro dignità. ---------- Affirming human dignity implies overcoming the idea that one is entitled to act negatively towards another human being, on the basis of a corresponding negative judgment on his/her personal conditions or qualities, or on the basis of how useful the relationship with him/her might be. Consequently, the opposite idea has to be fostered, i.e., the idea that interpersonal relationships are grounded in the recognition of every “other” person as someone who carries all the relational needs specifically linked to the communitas humana. This said, given the inseparable connection between all aspects of humanity and our bodily dimension, only the full respect of the human life throughout its course can safeguard the principle of equality, which is a fundamental condition for democracy. The decision to act against one’s own life is in itself not coherent with human dignity, since it terminates the individual as a moral agent. From the juridical point of view, allowing patient-doctor relationships aimed at causing death (accepted that disproportionate clinical treatments are not due) endangers the warranties played by the legal protection of human life, and therefore it substantially affects the dignity of those who are weak.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Sapogova

The author proposes an interpretation of the core role of subjective ontology in the formation of the individual’s lifeworld. It is shown that the actual implementation of the life journey obliges the person to think ontologically, explaining to oneself, basing on the accumulated experience, how the reality is arranged, and building a version of the causes and consequences of his own existence in it. Solving the tasks of self-development and constructing personal life stories, the individual relies upon some ultimate ontologemes (‘fate’, ‘fortuity’, ‘free will’), each of which generates different foci of interpretation of self-experience and defines the individual semantics of possible life events: if the ontology of free will dominates, then self-interpretation is built primarily as an explanation of human deeds; if the person believes in the predetermination of everything by fate, then life fulfillment would be in the focus of his/her consciousness; if everything is dominated by the fortuity, then life is perceived as a set of unpredictable incidents. The assimilated ultimate ontologemes stimulate the prevalence in self-interpretation of one of the mental processes (belief, thinking, intuition) and thus set three possible frames for the interpretation of the life path: fate — fulfillment — belief; fortuity — incident — intuition; free will — deed — thinking. The lifeworld is represented as a pyramid whose top is formed by subjective ontology that performs a system-forming function in relation to it, and its facets are its epistemological, axiological, praxeological and symbolic dimensions.


2020 ◽  
pp. 44-67
Author(s):  
M.V. Klementyeva ◽  

The article presents with psychological characteristic of biographical reflection as a reflective analysis of the life course. The author provides an overview of contemporary scienific discussion about biographical reflection, and adduces the data obtained through the study, the subject of which was the psychological content, functions and genesis of the bio-graphical reflection of a personality. In the contemporary scientific psychological discourses, the biographical reflection is considered as a method of studying the personality on the scale of the life path, or as the main property of the personality and of the autobiographical subject. The researchers in Russia and the West are focused on the heterogeneous mechanisms of autobiographical analysis of life events, conditions for understanding the meaning of life, autobiographical knowledge, life narrative, interpretation of an autobiography and a biography. They consider as well the dynamics of these mechanisms in lifespan development. The author offers the reader her own view of the contemporary debate about psychological content, and functions and genesis of the biographical reflection, highlighting important, from her point of view, a reflection of the autobiographical Self in the life changes when there are no social and cultural sources and resources to support development. In the original concept, the author proposed to consider biographical reflection as a resource for the personality self-development in adulthood. This work examined the specific of biographical reflection in an alternation two forms of the reflective analysis: a reflection of «life of Me» and a reflection of «life of Other» (a prototype of generation and culture). The formation process of biographical reflection at the age 17-25 is associated with integrating the heterogeneous mechanisms of life course reflective analysis (existential, cognitive, narrative, and hermeneutic) and interiorizating biographical signs and symbols, which is accompanied by the motivation of self-determination. The author considers the further development of biographical reflection (in age 25–65) as a stage of mastering by adults a reflection as a development resource for affirming the position of the author of life, and gaining arbitrary control over autobiographical Self, and exercise of free choosing a life course, and search for the meanings of life. The author argues that thanks to the mechanisms of biographical reflection, connections are established between the separate life events and new integrity arises as a life course that becomes a form of self-development of a modern adult. These results suggest that modern adults, who are choosing the individualization of life course, are more likely to have higher biographical reflection and use it as recourse to gain control over the quality of the individual life in time.


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