scholarly journals The model of the secular state and the politics of secularism in Kazakhstan: modern challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Shapoval
Keyword(s):  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Secular State

The article focuses on the evolution of the secularism policy pursued in Kazakhstan since independence. The liberal Law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations”, adopted by one of the first in January 1992, is defined as the initial stage. The next stage is the transition from a soft border between religiosity and secularism to more stringent state regulation. Such a turn for the secularism model in Kazakhstan was noted in 2011. At this stage in the evolution of the politics of secularism, a new Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) on Religious Activities and Religious Associations was adopted. At this time, the problem of religious radicalization and religious extremism is becoming more relevant. Even before the 2000s, religious radicalism in Kazakhstan was predominantly imported, and in 2003-2004 there were signs of the emergence of the so-called “homegrown” terrorism. The situation was aggravated after the move of young people, citizens of Kazakhstan to the war zone in Syria by their entry into the ranks of militants, under the auspices of the "Hijra to the Islamic State." As a definite reaction, the State Program on Combating Religious Extremism and Terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2017 was adopted. As part of the implementation of this program, work has been launched to prevent the involvement of people in radical religious ideology. However, measures taken by the state were insufficient and ineffective. A particularly active departure of citizens of Kazakhstan to the “Islamic State” took place from 2014 to 2016. Therefore, the state faced an urgent need to rethink the factors of radicalization. As a result of operations Zhusan - 1, Zhusan - 2, Zhusan - 3, women with children from Syria were returned to Kazakhstan, which we define as another challenge to the secularism model in Kazakhstan. He forces to rethink all past experience of secularism, with the aim of finding a place for these women in a secular state. The article identifies several categories of returning women, examines the problems associated with the rehabilitation of these women and their re-socialization, analyzes the experience of Kazakhstan in this area.

Humanising the Dehumanised: Emotion and Being in the Violence of the Islamic State (IS): An Alternative Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraysha Bibi Ismail Sooliman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
Ongoing Project

This paper considers the effect of violence on the emotions of IS fighters and the resultant consequences of those emotions as a factor in their choice to use violence. By interrogating the human aspect of the fighters, I am focusing not on religion but on human agency as a factor in the violence. In this regard, this paper is about reorienting the question about the violence of IS not as “religious” violence but as a response to how these fighters perceive what is happening to them and their homeland. It is about politicising the political, about the violence of the state and its coalition of killing as opposed to a consistent effort to frame the violence into an explanation of “extremist religious ideology.” This shift in analysis is significant because of the increasing harm that is caused by the rise in Islamophobia where all Muslims are considered “radical” and are dehumanised. This is by no means a new project; rather it reflects the ongoing project of distortion of and animosity toward Islam, the suspension of ethics and the naturalisation of war. It is about an advocacy for war by hegemonic powers and (puppet regimes) states against racialised groups in the name of defending liberal values. Furthermore, the myth of religious violence has served to advance the goals of power which have been used in domestic and foreign policy to marginalise and dehumanise Muslims and to portray the violence of the secular state as a justified intervention in order to protect Western civilisation and the secular subject.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the tourism industry as a means of improving the efficiency of state economy regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Tetiana AVERIKHINA ◽  
Alina VLAIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. The development of the tourism industry significantly affects the development of the country's economy as a whole. Its role is determined not only in the financial contribution, but also in stimulating other related industries that perform both ancillary and independent functions. The modern Ukrainian tourist market is undergoing many changes, so one of the current problems today is the use of effective tools for finding and systematizing the necessary information to forecast the development of the tourism industry. The purpose of the paper is to define the concept of monitoring the tourism industry as a means of improving the efficiency of state regulation of the economy, proving the importance of monitoring research, identifying problems of monitoring and ways to solve them. Results. The main purpose of tourism monitoring is to assess and forecast the state of tourism. Tourist services are localized and specialize in meeting the socio-economic needs of the population directly at the municipal level and are one of the main sources of funds coming to the state budget and ensure the reproduction of social infrastructure. In order to analyze trends in tourism and tourism in Ukraine, as well as assess the socio-economic effect of the implementation of measures of state support for domestic and inbound tourism, the central executive bodies of state regions of Ukraine, carrying out executive and administrative activities in tourism, the state of the tourism industry is being monitored. Given the large recreational and tourist potential in Ukraine, there is no full-fledged system of monitoring the market of tourist services by the state. This is due to the lack of an independent executive body in the field of tourism, endowed with certain powers, and a single system of statistical indicators of the market of tourist services. Modern statistics, both at the state and regional levels, do not give a complete picture of the state of tourism. Monitoring of tourist resources, objects of the tourist industry should give a clear picture of interaction of various branches of economy of the republic for the purposes of a complex estimation of directions of improvement and efficiency of functioning of the connected branches, exclusion of interbranch disproportions which negatively affect general development. Conclusion. To increase the growth rate of the tourism industry, the formation of a positive tourist image of the region, increase its visibility requires constant monitoring of the state and development of the tourism market. Monitoring will allow tracking the trends of the tourism market in the dynamics and promptly make changes to the developed programs and plans for the development of the tourism industry, develop recommendations for their adjustment, increase the effectiveness of tourism management.

scholarly journals Товарная интервенция – механизм защиты сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей и обеспечение продовольственной безопасности региона

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Александр Пахомов ◽  
Василий Дарбасов ◽  
Михаил Охлопков ◽  
Екатерина Федорова ◽  
Михаил Соломонов
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Federal Center

Статья написана в связи с выходом в 2018 г. последней редакции постановления Правительства Российской Федерации «О государственных закупочных интервенциях сельско-хозяйственной продукции». Целью исследования является обоснование продвижения государственного регулирования рынка местной сельскохозяйственной продукции в виде закупочных интервенций в регионах. Проведен анализ существующих зарубежных и отечественных государственных закупочных интервенций, дано обоснование закупочных интервенций в регионе, а также выработаны предложения по продвижению закупочных интервенций с федерального центра в регионы. This article was written in connection with a September 2018 release of the latest edition of a Regulation of the Russian Fed-eration Government on government purchasing interventions of agricultural products. An aim of the authors of the article is substantiation of promotion of the state regulation of a market of the local agricultural products in the form of the purchasing interventions in regions. The authors analyzed the existing for-eign and domestic government purchasing interventions, comments on the latest version of the Regulation of the Russian Federation Government on the govern-ment purchasing interventions, the substantiation of the purchasing interventions in the region and de-velopment of proposals to promote the purchasing interventions from the federal center to the regions. Relevance of the promotion of the purchasing interventions from the federal center to the regions fol-lows from Russian particularity: remoteness of the regions from the center, weak regional transport infrastructure, necessity to replicate a federal technology of the state regulation of the agricultural product market in the regions of the Russian Federation. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), repeated attempts were made to create compensation funds of the regulation of agricultural product prices. However, in the region there is no full-fledged intervention fund effectively influencing sales of the agri-cultural products. Consequently, in conditions of the Republic, where a shortage of the agricultural products, raw materials and food is acute, implementation of the commodity intervention is the neces-sary condition for the regulation of the agricultural market. For the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in our opinion, it is advisable to carry out the commodity interventions concerning beef, meat of young horses, venison, fish, dairy products, game, fruits of wild plants and even for rough and succulent fodder for livestock. The latter are relevant due to droughts and floods that regularly occur in a area of the region. Manufacturing costs of the local products will always be higher than the ones of imported food, given the harsh natural and climatic conditions, the remoteness of agricultural commodity producers from the sale markets in the conditions of absence of the transport infrastructure. In this regard, the prices of the local products should be regulated by the state in order to support the local producers. Obviously, the government regulation should not replace market functions or impede operation of its laws. Its main task is to mitigate undesirable consequences of manifestations of market power. One of the main regula-tory methods is the commodity intervention.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF REGULATING DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Health Care Efficiency

The article considers economic and health care efficiency of population growth in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develops scientific proposals and recommendations for improving the state regulation of demographic processes. Keywords: population, demographic processes, economic efficiency, healthcare costs.

scholarly journals Zmiany społeczno-polityczne przeprowadzone przez Ministerstwo Administracji Publicznej w latach 1944–1950 dotyczące spraw Kościołów i związków wyznaniowych w Polsce

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Edyta Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The State ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trial And Error Method ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Church ◽  
Error Method

The Ministry of Public Administration was established pursuant to the Act of 31 December 1944 on the appointment of the Interim Government of the Republic of Poland. The matters arising from the relations between the State and the Churches and religious denominations were handled by Department V, which in 1946 consisted of two sections addressing Christian and non-Christian denominations, respectively. The Socio-Political Departments in the Provincial Offices, which employed officials responsible for matters relating to religious denominations, were subordinate to Department V. The same held true in Starostwa Powiatowe [County Offices]. In 1947, Department V was divided into three units addressing matters of the Catholic Church, Christian Denominations and Non-Christian denominations, respectively, and one year later still one more department, i.e. the Department of General Matters, was established. Since 1947 matters relating to religious denominations fell within the competences of Department IV. The Department of Religious Denominations in the Ministry of Public Administration from its beginnings was responsible for shaping the policy of the State towards religious denominations. The aforementioned policy was supposed to be concordant with the directives and principles of the communist party. The socio-political reforms conducted by the Ministry of Public Administration in relation to the Churches and religious associations were one of the means of repression, which within the years 1944-1950 was in its initial phase based on the trial-and-error method. However, it was the cooperation of the Ministry with Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego [Public Security Office], and later the establishment of Urząd ds. Wyznań [Office in charge of Religious Denominations] in 1950 which changed and regulated actions of the communist authorities towards the Churches and religious associations in Poland regarding the matters concerning the relations between the State and the Church and religious associations. From then on the competences to date of Department IV of the Ministry of Public Administration were transferred onto the Office in charge of Religious Denominations.

scholarly journals Partizanų nepriklausomos Lietuvos valstybės vizija

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020/1 ◽  
pp. 141-163
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
The Republic

The research, which is based on the documents of the anti-Soviet resistance of 1944–1953, makes an attempt at reconstructing the freedom fighters’ vision of independent Lithuania and analyses the image of the planned (projected) political and socio-economic model of the state, its underlying elements and principles, the evolution and context of the partisans’ political thought. Reflecting on inter-war Lithuania, life therein, resistance against the Soviets and the fierce struggle and sufferings of that time, the partisans sacredly believed in the restoration of independence and had a clear vision of the future state. The critical attitude of those who participated in the resistance towards Lithuania’s statehood had a great impact on the underlying elements of the said vision. In the partisans’ experience and understanding, social exclusion and public distrust of government institutions were among the most acute problems of the Republic of Lithuania which, in their conviction, caused the catastrophic crisis of the state and the society that resulted in the loss of independence in 1940. Leaders of the underground movement were fully aware of the ills and failures of the past and thus constructed an ideal, a dream of a comprehensively stronger and affluent state, democratic regime and fairer governance of the country. The partisans’ vision of a modern independent Lithuanian state was developed under the influence of the political thought of the rural intelligentsia, thus reflecting the outlook of an ordinary peasant farmer and akin attitudes of rural intellectuals. Realising that Lithuania existed on the divide between the Western and Eastern civilizations, partisan leaders made every attempt to emphasize their western identity and mentality, identified and positioned themselves as the outpost of Western civilization and European culture. Participants of the resistance movement followed basically social democratic, Christian ideals and values and sought to restore a modern democratic parliamentary republic free of social exclusion where social justice and solidarity would be the predominant components of state regulation. In summary, it can be stated that the present-day socio-economic model of the Nordic welfare state (that of Denmark, Norway, Sweden or Finland), which in its core is rather socialistic, is for the most part in line with the freedom fighters’ vision of the future state and was considered by them the most acceptable. Although present-day Lithuania does not fully satisfy their vision, Lithuanian resistance fighters expressed the eternal strive of people and nations for freedom, material and spiritual wellbeing and social justice.

ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯМ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО ЭКСТРЕМИЗМА В МЕСТАХ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Correction System

В статье рассматривается специфика деятельности учреждений, исполняющих уголовные наказания в виде лишения свободы, по противодействию проявлениям религиозного экстремизма со стороны осужденных. Анализируются основные аспекты проблемы религиозного экстремизма, перечисляются и раскрываются виды религиозного экстремизма, такие как внутриконфессиональный, иноконфессиональный, личностно ориентированный, этнорелигиозный, а также религиозно-политический. Предлагается рассматривать экстремистские религиозные объединения с разделением на два основных типа, а именно обособленные религиозные течения и радикальные группы, возникающие внутри общепризнанных конфессий. Второй тип представлен мусульманским фундаментализмом, проявляющимся в форме ваххабизма, а также группировками так называемых православных патриотов. Раскрываются ключевые принципы религиозной экстремистской идеологии, допускающие по отношению к чужакам (неверным, отступникам) нетерпимость, отвращение, расчеловечивание и, как следствие, насилие. Для достижения целей агитации как средства «заражения» религиозной экстремистской идеологией используются основные компоненты религии: религиозное сознание человека, религиозная деятельность служителей культа, религиозные взаимоотношения людей в конкретной социальной группе. Поскольку лица, осужденные за преступления экстремистской направленности, поступают для отбывания наказания в места лишения свободы, со стороны органов и учреждений УИС требуется принятие адекватных мер воздействия на этих лиц. В связи с этим предлагается не допускать высокой концентрации осужденных за преступления террористической и экстремистской направленности в одном исправительном учреждении, организовать усиленный контроль за указанной категорией лиц, а также наладить деловое сотрудничество с различными общественными и религиозными объединениями в этом направлении.The article discusses the specifics of the activities of institutions executing criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment in order to counter manifestations of religious extremism by convicts. The main aspects of the problem of religious extremism are revealed, types of religious extremism, such as intra-confessional, non-confessional, personality-oriented, ethno-religious, and also religious-political, are listed and disclosed. It is proposed to consider extremist religious associations with a division into two main types, namely, separate religious movements and radical groups arising within recognized religions. The second type is represented by Muslim fundamentalism manifesting itself in the form of Wahhabism, as well as by groups of so-called Orthodox patriots. The key principles of religious extremist ideology are revealed, which allow intolerance, disgust, humanization and, as a result, violence towards strangers (infidels, apostates). To achieve the goals of agitation, as a means of «infection» with religious extremist ideology, the main components of religion are used: the religious consciousness of a person, the religious activities of worshipers, religious relationships of people in a particular social group. Since persons convicted of extremist crimes are sent to serve places of imprisonment, the bodies and institutions of the penal correction system require adequate measures to influence these people. In this connection, it is proposed not to allow a high concentration of convicts for terrorist and extremist crimes in one correctional institution, the organization of tightened control over this category of people, as well as the establishment of business cooperation with various public and religious associations in this direction.

Brauchen wir Gott im Grundgesetz?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hummes
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Military Chaplaincy ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Secular State

The sustained and partly dramatic loss of acceptance of the Christian Churches in society does not match their exceptional position, founded in the Basic Law of Germany, in managing allegedly common tasks alongside the state. From religious education to military chaplaincy, numerous privileges from a time of Christian religious monopoly survive. Against this backdrop, the pluralism of faith in our society today has enormous potential for conflict. Potential participation in these tasks awakens legitimate desires, especially among Islamic religious associations who refer to the principle of equality. The answer of the secular state can only be the renunciation of any common ground with religions and Churches.

scholarly journals Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Counteracting Terrorism and Religious Extremism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
Zaure Ayupova ◽  
Аliya Seralieva ◽  
Bakhytzhan Saparov
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
State Governance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Indicators

The article discusses the problems of legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan aimed at counteracting terrorism and religious extremism. The goal of research is the development of political and legal mechanisms of preventing terrorism and religious extremism in modern Kazakh society, the analysis of key reasons behind the spread of extremist attitudes among some believers, the study of key factors behind the extremist religious ideology. The methodological basis of this research is the dialectic method freed from materialistic or idealistic monism and grounded in pluralistic, multi-linear interdependence of all political and legal phenomena. The authors used formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. They researched the State Program of Counteracting Religious Extremism and Terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2018–2022, which foresees predominantly preventive measures. The key task of ensuring state security in a rule-of-law state with a well-developed legal system, which the Republic of Kazakhstan is, mainly consists in the development and successful enforcement of legal mechanisms of governance. In the modern world, religious and political extremism remains a phenomenon that destroys the basis of state power and the system of state governance, instigates hatred of representatives of other religious denominations, and contradicts the standards of morality and public behavior. Terrorism and religious extremism are a real threat to stability not only for the Republic of Kazakhstan, but for all countries of the world. The improvement of basic aspects in the criminal sphere, including the prevention of specific terrorism-related crimes, remains very topical today. The classification of criminal law norms connected with counteracting terrorism and religious extremism is based on a number of key indicators of criminal policy and fundamental criminal law institutes, whose description constitutes the main body of this article.

scholarly journals Piagam Madinah dan Spiritnya dalam Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) 1945

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Elkhairati Elkhairati
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The State ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The Republic

This paper aims to look at the existence of the Medina Charter in terms of history, content and authenticity and how it is spiritual in the 1945 Constitution. This study takes the form of literature with a content analysis approach. Data collection techniques in this study are carried out by collecting magazines, journals and books and utilizing internet to collect data related to research. This study concludes that the Charter of Medina contains the Islamic Shari'a as a law, is democratic in nature. If observed carefully, it will be seen the spirit of the Medina Constitution in the 1945 Constitution as the basis of the State of Indonesia. The concrete form is reflected in the points of the articles of the 1945 Constitution. This proves that even though the Republic of Indonesia is not an Islamic state, it does not mean that this country ignores Islamic shari'a.

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