scholarly journals Sound objects in creativity and theoretical works by Pierre Schaeffer

Author(s):  
Nataliia Danchenko

The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the sound object as a central element of creativity and the theoretical concept of P. Schaeffer. The methodological basis of the work is a structural-functional methods that helps to identify the elements of sound matter and trace the features of their deployment and mutual location. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian musicology the provisions of P. Schaeffer's theory of sound objects are systematized, the specifics of the functioning of electronic complexes in «Railway Etude», which is one of the representative works of concrete music. Conclusions. Analysis of P. Schaeffer's «Railway Etude», based on the terminological apparatus proposed by the composer, showed the presence of two groups of sound objects united by a common source: for the first group such a source is a locomotive horn, and for the second – a train. According to the spectral characteristics, these objects are differentiated into noise and sound bands concentrated in a certain area of ​​the frequency range. It was found that a sound object, the specificity of which is determined by the set of physical characteristics of the acoustic signal, in a certain musical context can acquire the properties of the thematic or structural element of the composition. The sound object is considered in terms of pitch, duration and intensity, their location outside the generally accepted discrete scales is indicated. It was found that the disclosure of the creative potential of a sound object is inextricably linked with the specific conditions of perception of concrete music (acousmatic situation and reduced listening).

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi ◽  
Tarek M. El-Gogary ◽  
Karl Peter Wolschann ◽  
Gottfried Koehler

We studied for the first time 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine by four computational methods. Some of these tautomers/rotamers are isoenergetic although they have different structures. High-level electron correlation MP2 and MP4(SDQ) ab initio methods and density functional methods employing a B3LYP and the new M06-2X functional were used to study the structure and relative stability of 16 tautomers/rotamers of diphosphocytosine. The dienol tautomers of diphosphocytosine are shown to be much more stable than the keto-enol and diketo forms. The tautomers/rotamers stability could be ranked as PC3 = PC12 < PC2 = PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 < PC16 < PC6 ~ PC7 < PC13 < PC4 ~ PC14 < PC5. This stability order was discussed in the light of stereo and electronic factors. Solvation effect has been modeled in a high dielectric solvent, water using the polarized continuum model (PCM). Consideration of the solvent causes some reordering of the relative stability of diphosphocytosine tautomers: PC3 ~ PC12 ~ PC2 ~ PC11 < PC1 < PC10 < PC8 < PC9 < PC15 ~ PC16 < PC13 < PC6 ~ PC7 ~ PC14 < PC4 ~ PC5.


Author(s):  
Dmytro Vovchuk ◽  
Serhii Haliuk ◽  
Leonid Politanskyy

In the paper the development of the components of communication means is considered based on the wire metastructures. This approach is novel and quite promising due to the metamaterials provides new opportunities for the radio engineering devices such as antennas, absorbers etc. First of all it makes possible decreasing of the dimensions of devices while the characteristics stay the same or better. Here the artificially created metastructure that consists of parallel metallic wires and characterizes by a negative electric permittivity was investigated. The possibility of broadband power transfer of electromagnetic waves was demonstrated. Also, at first time, the investigation of possible signal distortions due to wave propagation through the wire medium (WM) slab was performed via analyzing of spectral characteristics. The obtained results allow applying of WM to power transfer in wide frequency range (not only at frequencies of Fabry-Perot resonant) and enhancement of weak source propagation as well as to antennas constructions due to the absence of signal distortions. One of the promising applications of such structures is the possibility of realizing of flexible screens with nanometer thickness and high resolution.


Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bosch ◽  
Desislava Staneva ◽  
Evgenia Vasileva-Tonkova ◽  
Petar Grozdanov ◽  
Ivanka Nikolova ◽  
...  

A second-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer modified with acridine and its Cu(II) complex have been synthesized for the first time. It has been found that two copper ions form complexes with the nitrogen atoms of the dendrimeric core by coordinate bonds. The new compounds have been characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The spectral characteristics of the modified dendrimer have been measured in different organic solvents, and a negative fluorescence solvatochromism has been observed. The antimicrobial activity of the dendrimers has been tested against model pathogenic microorganisms in agar and by broth dilution method. The cotton fabric treated with both dendrimers has been evaluated towards pathogenic microorganisms. The obtained modified cotton fabrics have been shown to hamper bacterial growth and to prevent biofilm formation. Dendrimer cytotoxicity has been investigated in vitro in the model HEp-2 cell line.


1955 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
B. J. A. Nowosielski-Slepowron ◽  
A. D. Peacock

SynopsisTesticular material from a Blue Whale (Balœnoptera musculus Rafinesque), a Fin Whale (Balœnoptera physalus Lacepède) and a Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon L.), obtained 6–24 hours after death in the Antarctic during the whaling season 1946–47, showed that the testes of the first two animals were in the resting state and those of the third animal were active. Despite being collected some hours after death, the material has allowed estimation to be made for the first time of chromosome numbers from spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the prophase stage. The diploid and haploid numbers approximate to 48 and 24 respectively. These results are discussed along with those obtained by Makino (1948), the first worker to record counts of cetacean chromosomes, in his study of freshly fixed material from Dall's Porpoise, Phocœnoides dallii (True). They support this worker in his view that the cytological evidence indicates that Cetacea and Ungulata derive from a common source.Some observations on spermateleosis and cell inclusions in the Sperm Whale are given.Regarding the breeding season, the findings of previous workers are supported for the Blue and Fin Whales. That the Sperm Whale dealt with in this paper was found to be sexually active in December is support of Harrison-Matthews' view that the species has no definite sexual season or cycle.


2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Milan ◽  
M. Lester ◽  
N. Sato ◽  
H. Takizawa ◽  
J.-P. Villain

Abstract. The SuperDARN HF radars have been employed in the past to investigate the spectral characteristics of coherent backscatter from L-shell aligned features in the auroral E region. The present study employs all-sky camera observations of the aurora from Husafell, Iceland, and the two SuperDARN radars located on Iceland, Þykkvibær and Stokkseyri, to determine the optical signature of such backscatter features. It is shown that, especially during quiet geomagnetic conditions, the backscatter region is closely associated with east-west aligned diffuse auroral features, and that the two move in tandem with each other. This association between optical and radar aurora has repercussions for the instability mechanisms responsible for generating the E region irregularities from which radars scatter. This is discussed and compared with previous studies investigating the relationship between optical and VHF radar aurora. In addition, although it is known that E region backscatter is commonly observed by SuperDARN radars, the present study demonstrates for the first time that multiple radars can observe the same feature to extend over at least 3 h of magnetic local time, allowing precipitation features to be mapped over large portions of the auroral zone.Key words: Ionosphere (particle precipitation; plasma waves and instabilities)


Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Shvindin ◽  
◽  
Vadim V. Bakhmetyev ◽  

Synthesized recombination-type zinc sulfide phosphors used in solid-state radioluminescent light sources (SSRLS) are the object of the research. In the course of the study, experimental data were obtained for the first time on the effect of the amount of the incorporated activator on the brightness-spectral characteristics of radioluminescence upon excitation by β-radiation of tritium. Data were obtained on the changes in the radioluminescence parameters under various synthesis conditions, phase composition and electron-beam modification of the crystal structure of the initial phosphors. The results of the work make it possible to find the best light compositions for the use in solid-state radioluminescent light sources


Author(s):  
Maryna Tatarenko

The purpose of the article is consideration of stylistic and conceptual innovative ideas directed by the modern French avant-garde theater Nanter-Amandier. The methodology consists of the application of empirical, art history, analytical, axiomatic, functional methods of researching the concept of ideas of avant-garde directing of Nanterre-Amandier theater, its innovations, and search for radical reforms of stage skills, phenomenal artistic techniques of theatrical forms. Scientific Novelty. For the first time, empirical analysis and substantiation of the concept of ideas of avant-garde directing of the Nanterre-Amandier Theater, its innovations in the search for original artistic and creative solutions of stage forms. Conclusions. Directors of the modern French avant-garde theater J.-P. Vincent, J.-L. Martinelli and F. Ken successfully embodied innovative artistic techniques by transforming the reality surrounding the modern human and transmitting it to the viewer - this breaks the close relationship of artistic intentions with the socio-cultural environment. The depiction of the world by modern directors of the French avant-garde theater is characterized by a deep and holistic rethinking of it in accordance with the specifics of socio-historical processes, the development of scientific and technological progress, the general philosophical and aesthetic picture of the world, and others.


Author(s):  
А.А. Водяницкая

Постановка задачи. Работа посвящена изучению оценочных характеристик отзыва научного руководителя, функционирующего в рамках академического дискурса. Впервые выявляются оценочные стратегии и тактики научного руководителя, вербализованные в отзыве при характеризации научно-исследовательской работы магистранта и бакалавра. Результаты. Как показало исследование, посредством оценочных значений, которые выстраивают отзыв о работе выпускника над выпускной квалификационной работой, научные руководители положительно характеризуют исследовательские навыки студентов. Отрицательные оценочные значения не вербализуются, но имплицируются в рекомендациях уделять внимание в дальнейшей работе, например, более планомерной организации исследования. Наиболее универсальной и распространённой характеристикой работы студента является формулировка академический дискурс сформирован , которая включает в себя все положительные оценочные значения, релевантные для научно-исследовательской деятельности в рамках академического дискурса. Во всех структурных элементах отзыва научные руководители прибегают к использованию оценочных значений. В наименьшей степени оценочные значения представлены в разделе Умение работать с научной, методической, справочной литературой и электронными информационными ресурсами. Выводы. Отзыв научного руководителя как жанр академического дискурса представляет собой амальгаму оценочных средств, с помощью которых научный руководитель эксплицирует, а в некоторых случаях и имплицирует своё отношение к проделанной студентом работе. В качестве объекта оценки служат те аспекты научно-исследовательской деятельности, которые выделены как структурные элементы отзыва, а также дополнительные объекты, которые научный руководитель считает необходимым выделить. В ходе исследования были выделены оценочные стратегии импликации, интенсификации, рекомендации и констатации. Problem Statement. The paper focuses on evaluative characteristics of research advisors’ reviews functioning in the framework of academic discourse. Evaluative strategies and tactics have been revealed for the first time as a part of a research advisor’s review. Results. The research has shown that research advisors characterize positively various aspects of graduate students’ research papers and the way they organized their research work. Negative evaluations are not verbalized, but teachers implicitly mention that their students should organize their work more thoroughly in the future. The fact that academic discourse has been acquired by the student to the full extent serves as a positive characteristic of their work, and, therefore, includes all the evaluations relevant for doing a research and for research results. In all the structural elements of the reviews research advisors use a variety of evaluative means. The latter are represented to a lesser extent in the structural element concerning the Ability of a student to retrieve information and to use a variety of information resources. Conclusion. Research advisor’s review as a genre of academic discourse is an amalgam of evaluative means which enable the research advisor to explicitly verbalize his attitude towards a student research work. Evaluative means characterize those aspects of research work which are specified in the body of the review as structural elements. Moreover, teachers specifies work ethic, ethical behavior, personal characteristics that are crucial for the research work. The research has revealed evaluative strategies of intensification, recommendation, stating and implication.


Author(s):  
Yu.V. Mamelin ◽  
G.F. Kopytov ◽  
V.Yu. Buzko

Study object included leaves of deciduous trees in the Krasnodar Territory at different stages of senescing visually manifested in their color alteration. Study subject was the optical characteristics of light diffused reflection from green, yellow-green and yellow leaves of deciduous trees in the Krasnodar Territory during the autumn season. Work objective lies in identifying the possibility to establish differences between green leaves of deciduous trees, and yellow-green and yellow leaves of deciduous trees using the terrain multispectral and hyperspectral sounding methods, as well as collecting information on spectral characteristics of the diffused light being reflected from various biological objects. Results of quantitative and qualitative analysis of data obtained through the diffused light reflectance spectroscopy from leaves of deciduous trees are presented. Narrow-band vegetation indices mNDVI705, mSR705, CRI1, SIPI and PSRI were used in quantitative analysis of data on the diffused light reflection spectra obtained from green, yellow-green and yellow leaves of deciduous trees. It was revealed that the use of narrow-band vegetation indices in the remote sensing algorithms using multi- and hyperspectral cameras makes it possible to rather accurately distinguish leaves at different stages of senescing. Optical characteristics of diffused light reflection from green, yellow-green and yellow leaves of deciduous trees, which are typical species of trees in urban and rural plantings in the Krasnodar Territory, are described for the first time


1996 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawai ◽  
Keisuke Tamura

AbstractResults from the X-ray observations of pulsars with ASCA are presented. The surroundings of pulsars are investigated in detail taking advantage of ASCA’s unique capabilities; high spectral resolution and a high throughput over a wide energy range from 0.4 keV to 10 keV. The spectral characteristics of the nebulae of PSR B1509—58 and the Vela pulsar are spectroscopically investigated. A jet-like feature is found from PSR B1509—58. We detected diffuse emission sources in the vicinity of many pulsars. The high probability of finding such diffuse sources for many pulsars suggests that they exist universally for all the active pulsars, and that they are powered by the pulsars. SNR Kes 32 was imaged in X-ray for the first time. Its X-ray properties can be used to examine its association with the nearby pulsar PSR B1610—50.


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