scholarly journals Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Dalam Kasus Penambangan Batu Cinnabar di Maluku

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Erwin Ubwarin ◽  
Wilshen Leatemia
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
District Court ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Mining Law ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

AbstractAll natural resource wealth in the land, sea, and in the bowels of the land of Indonesia are controlled by the State and used as much as possible for the welfare of the people. However, the processing of cinnabar stone natural resources that does not queue up the permit in Luhu Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province has resulted in environmental pollution and has an impact on humans. Overcoming this criminal violation, law enforcement has been carried out which resulted in 8 (eight) decisions at the Ambon District Court. This research was conducted with a juridical normative approach, with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to the imposition of crimes and criminal acts that place statutory regulations as objects of research sourced from primary, secondary and tertiary law. The results of the research conclude that criminal charges against miners without a permit are still low, less than half of the maximum threat of 10 (ten) years in the mineral and coal mining law, this is very unfortunate because the damage to the environment due to processing of cinnabar stone without permission will have a long impact.Keywords: Criminal, Cinnabar, Mining AbstrakSemua kekayaan sumber daya alam yang ada di darat, laut, dan di dalam perut bumi Indonesia dikuasai oleh Negara dan digunakan sebesarnya untuk kesejahteraan rakyat. Namun pengelolaan sumber daya alam batu cinnabar yang tidak mengantongi izin pada Desa Luhu Kabupaten Seram Barat, Provinsi Maluku berakibat pada pencemaran lingkungan dan berdampak pada manusia. Menanggulangi pelanggaran pidana ini telah dilakukan penegakan hukum yang menghasilkan 8 (delapan) putusan pada Pengadilan Negeri Ambon. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep tentang penjatuhan pidana dan tindak pidana yang menempatkan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai objek penelitian yang bersumber dari hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan penjatuhan pidana kepada pelaku penambang tanpa izin masih rendah tidak sampai setengah dari ancaman maksimum 10 (sepuluh) tahun dalam undang-undang pertambangan mineral dan batu bara, hal ini sangat disayangkan karena rusaknya lingkungan akibat pengelolaan batu cinnabar tanpa izin akan berdampak panjang.Kata Kunci: Pidana, Cinnabar, Pertambangan

scholarly journals Using Natural Resources for Development: Why Has It Proven So Difficult?

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
Fiscal Regimes ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

Developing economies have found it hard to use natural resource wealth to improve their economic performance. Utilizing resource endowments is a multistage economic and political problem that requires private investment to discover and extract the resource, fiscal regimes to capture revenue, judicious spending and investment decisions, and policies to manage volatility and mitigate adverse impacts on the rest of the economy. Experience is mixed, with some successes (such as Botswana and Malaysia) and more failures. This paper reviews the challenges that are faced in successfully managing resource wealth, the evidence on country performance, and the reasons for disappointing results.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF RELIGIOUS COURT COMPETENCE TOWARDS ENCUMBRANCE RIGHT EXECUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Abd. Shomad ◽  
Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
District Court ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Legal Relationship

Religious court as forefront in economic sharia dispute resolution in litigation has not ideal place to perform their duty since there are still regulation conflicts such as implementation of encumbrance right execution which still becomes a domain in district court. As explained, this article discusses phi-losophical foundation of Religious Court competence to resolve economic sharia issues. In regard to this, conceptual approach, law approach and historical approach are respectively used. Based on the analysis, basic competence of religious court is Islamic personality principle which carries the use of Islamic law elements (sharia principle) in its legal relationship. From the analysis the implication is drawn that as long as a dispute belongs to economic sharia, then it is Religious Court which is com-petent to handle including court decision.Keywords: law enforcement, economic sharia dispute, absolute competence, court decision implementation

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of natural resources and conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205316801881823 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O’Brochta
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aggregate Effect ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Measurement

The relationship between natural resource wealth and civil conflict remains unclear, despite prolonged scholarly attention. Conducting a meta-analysis—a quantitative literature review—can help synthesize this broad and disparate field to provide clearer directions for future research. Meta-analysis tools determine both the aggregate effect of natural resources on conflict and whether any particular ways in which variables are measured systematically bias the estimated effect. I conduct a meta-analysis using sixty-nine studies from sixty-two authors. I find that there is no aggregate relationship between natural resources and conflict. Most variation in variable measurement does not alter the estimated effect. However, measuring natural resource wealth using Primary Commodity Exports and including controls for mountainous terrain and ethnic fractionalization all do significantly impact the results. These findings suggest that it may be worth exploring more nuanced connections between natural resources and conflict instead of continuing to study the overall relationship.

Analisis Penegakan Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Di bawah Umur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imas Novita Juaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Chemical Castration ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstrak Country can be said to be a state if elements of the state have been fulfilled. One of the most fundamental elements is the existence of the people. The existence of the people means that there are people who live and become subjects of government and enforced rules. Without rules, the consequence is that there will be a large number of crimes that cannot be overcome. Therefore criminal law exists to optimize a regulation and implementation in the community. In the constitution of the Indonesian state, there has been guaranteed the rights of everyone from the right to life, the right not to be tortured, the right to religion and human rights that cannot be reduced in any case. But with Article 81 A paragraph (3) of Law No. 17 of 2016 concerning the second amendment to Law No. 3 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. In this article the phrase the addition of basic crimes especially chemical castration punishment becomes a problem that causes controversy among the public. So the government needs to reconsider with regard to Article a quo by using preventive and repressive measures to address these problems.  The theory that author use is Law Enforcement along with the principles of das sein and das sollen. With normative research methods that are descriptive, and through a conceptual approach. So the author recommend that the application of chemical castration and rehabilitation as a form of treatment oriented to protect perpetrators and sexual crimes. 

scholarly journals Can More Be Less? An Experimental Test of the Resource Curse

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Al-Ubaydli ◽  
Kevin McCabe ◽  
Peter Twieg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

AbstractSeveral scholars have argued that abundant natural resources can be harmful to economic performance under bad institutions and helpful when institutions are good. These arguments have either been theoretical or based on naturally occurring variation in natural resource wealth. We test this theory by using a laboratory experiment to reap the benefits of randomized control. We conduct this experiment in a virtual world (Second Life™) to make institutions more visceral. We find support for the theory.

scholarly journals Corporate Criminal Responsibility In Cases Of Wildfires As The Legal Protection For Public (A Study In Central Kalimantan Province)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nurahman Ramadan ◽  
Widodo Tresno Novianto ◽  
Supanto Supanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
National Development ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All

Wildfires, caused by degradation and deforestation in one decade and done by corporation who has legality in forest management, has destroyed woodland and made many losses in all aspects. In the economic development, almost all national development sources come from the management of natural resources of forest areas in Indonesia. In the 1945 constitution chapter XIV, article 33, paragraph 3, it is stated that “The land, the waters, and the natural riches comtained therein shall be controlled by the state and exploited to the geratest benefit of the people”. In fact, the weaknesses of law enforcement in forestry and environment make the transgression and deforestation keep on going.

scholarly journals The Role of Governance and International Norms in Managing Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cust
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

The governance of natural resource wealth is considered to constitute a key determinant in whether the extraction of natural resources proves to be a blessing or a curse. In response to this challenge, a variety of international initiatives have emerged to codify successful policies pursued by countries, and promote global norms and best practices to guide decision-makers. These initiatives, such as the Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative, have seen success in spreading and embedding governance norms, ranging across revenue transparency, contract disclosure, and the creation of instruments such as resource funds and building institutions for checks and balances. However, evidence for causal impact remains weak and sometimes limited to anecdotal cases. The end of the super-cycle of commodity prices, and the prospect of permanently lower prices for fossil fuels, creates new challenges for resource-rich countries but may also allow space and time for reflection, lesson-learning and improvements in governance.

MEKANISME GANTI RUGI DAN REHABILITASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN YANG DILAKUKAN ANAK DIBAWAH UMUR (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibinong No: 36/Pdt.G/2012/PN.Cbn.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Rahmawati ◽  
Burhanudin Burhanudin ◽  
Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Court ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
The Right

Abstract The problem in this study is that the defendant who is underage committing a theft has been decided freely by the judge submitting compensation and rehabilitation because the defendant suffered material and immaterial losses in the Decision of the Cibinong District Court No: 36 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PN.Cbn . This study aims to understand how the compensation and rehabilitation mechanism of theft perpetrators has been dismissed freely. This study uses qualitative research methods using a normative approach. The results show that the convicted person has the right to claim compensation and rehabilitation, and compensation is directed at law enforcement or directed at the guilty party. Keyword : Compensation, Rehabilitation, Presumption not innocent Abstrak Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa terdakwa yang di bawah umur melakukan pencurian telah diputuskan secara bebas oleh hakim yang mengajukan kompensasi dan rehabilitasi karena terdakwa menderita kerugian materi dan tidak material dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibinong No: 36 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PN.Cbn. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana mekanisme kompensasi dan rehabilitasi pelaku pencurian telah diberhentikan secara bebas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terpidana memiliki hak untuk mengklaim kompensasi dan rehabilitasi, dan kompensasi diarahkan pada penegakan hukum atau diarahkan pada pihak yang bersalah. Keyword : Kompensasi, Rehabilitasi, Praduga tidak bersalah

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 33 AYAT 3 UUD 1945 DALAM BERBAGAI PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN TENTANG SUMBERDAYA ALAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjok Istri Putra Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Control ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The People ◽  
Object Of Study

This study aims to : 1) determine the translation of Article 33, paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution in a variety of legislation on natural resources, 2 ) analyze the synchronization of several provisions in the legislation on the natural resources, espicially related to legal community participation and sanctions, and 3) analyze the implications of insynchroni- zation between the regulations of natural resource.               This research is a normative legal research is implemented using the statute approach. The main object of study is the primary legal materials in the form of legislation on natural resources.               The results showed that, in principle, the essence of Article 33 paragraph 3 of the 1945 Constitution, about the " earth , water , and space ,and the natural riches contained therein, shall be controlled by the state and used for the greatest welfare of the people . " has been translated into various statutory provisions of natural resources.There is synchronization between the various legislation, among other things : state control of natural resource management authorizes local governments, and the types of sanctions imposed against  violations to the various regulations, namely sanction of imprisonment, confinement and fine. However, there is not synchronization related to the delivery of state control of the rights to the indigenous people (legal community)and about magnitude of sanctions, there are countless monthly ,there are countless decades. Likewise, regarding the fine penalties, there is a very lightweight ( Rp 10,000 ) some are up to Rp 15.000.000.000,- The existence of the insynchronization may be implicated on the participation of the legal community (indigeneus people) in managing the local natural  resources and lack of legal positiveness (kepastian hukum)  in law enforcement for violations of the various regulations on these resources .

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Flow to Africa: Does Natural Resources Matter？

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Philip Agyei Peprah ◽  
Yao Hongxing ◽  
Alex Boadi Dankyi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

In this study, it explored connections between FDI inflows and natural resource. The paper is an effort to investigate a sample of 10 most resourced sub-Sahara African countries and examine the influence of natural resources on FDI inflow. Further, natural resource wealth is reflected to weaken the FDI inflow. This study discovers if the natural resource overflow affects the FDI inflows. By means of panel data for a sample dated 1990-2017, the paper employed fixed effects method and settles that natural resource slows down FDI inflow of the host nation. The results indicate that economic growth, labor force, trade openness and financial development framework promote FDI inflow in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. The study proposes that FDI inflow to SSA is not only driven by the availability of natural resources in a country but by some exogenous factors, countries with non-existence of natural resources and can obtain FDI by cultivating their bodies and policy environment. Second, multifaceted organizations like the IMF and the World Bank can play a significant role in assisting FDI by encouraging good organisations in SSA.

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