Towards a general theory of socio-economic development. Part 1. Geography, institutions, or culture?

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Polterovich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Basic Ideas

A new approach to understanding socio- economic development is proposed, based on consideration of the evolution of coordination mechanisms. The work consists of two parts. In the first part, a critical analysis of four recently proposed theories of development, focusing on geographical, institutional, or cultural factors, is given. These theories have greatly enriched our understanding of the evolution of society. However, as our analysis shows, none of them provides a satisfactory description of the driving forces and mechanisms of this evolution; the main reason is rooted in their common shortcoming — monocausality. It is proposed to distinguish between two types of development, catching-up and leading one. Basic ideas of the theory of catching-up development are presented. It explains the phenomenon of the “economic miracle” as a result of mutually conditioned changes in culture, institutions, technological progress and well-being in the context of interaction of competition, power and collaboration mechanisms. The second part is devoted to the theory of leading socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Towards a general theory of social and economic development: Evolution of coordination mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Polterovich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coordination Mechanisms ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Social And Economic Development

A new approach to understanding social and economic development is proposed, based on consideration of the evolution of coordination mechanisms. The work consists of two parts. In the first part, a critical analysis of four recently proposed theories of social development, focusing on geographical, institutional or cultural factors, is given. These theories have greatly enriched our understanding of the evolution of society, however, as analysis shows, none of them provides a satisfactory description of the driving forces and mechanisms of this evolution; the main reason is rooted in their common deficiency — monocausality. It is proposed to distinguish between two types of development, catching up and leading. The basic ideas of the theory of catching up development are presented. This approach makes it possible to explain the phenomenon of the “economic miracle” as a result of mutually conditioned changes in culture, institutions, technological progress and well-being in the context of interaction of competition, power and collaboration mechanisms. The second part is devoted to the theory of leading socioeconomic development. It is shown how in Western Europe, as a result of the interaction of the above four factors, specific forms and combinations of the three main mechanisms of coordination — competition, power and collaboration — emerged at each stage of evolution. I emphasize the importance of ideology and the phenomenon of technical progress in the formation of institutions of economic and political competition that contributed to the creation of the welfare state. These changes and economic growth created the conditions for further transformation of civil culture: increasing levels of trust, tolerance, altruism and cosmopolitanism, expanding the planning horizon. The decrease in the level of coercion built into the mechanisms of power and competition are demonstrated as well as the expansion of the role of collaboration. A hypothesis is advanced that the speed of this process depends on geographical factors. The idea of the welfare world is discussed.

Living on a low income as a systemic impediment to socio-economic development of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
NATALIIA TOLSTYKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government

The article sheds light on various approaches that seek to determine how widespread poverty and life on a low income are in Ukraine nowadays. As a social phenomenon, poverty has traditionally been associated with destitution and living below the subsistence level set by the government. However, the author holds the view that life on a low income not only means living near or below the poverty line. There is another part of Ukraine’s population that should also be considered needy — those whose income is less than twice as the subsistence level, and most of them are also subject to socio-economic deprivation. Drawing upon the findings of a social survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine in 2019, the paper analyses the standard of living among different income groups. Particular attention is given to consumption patterns and social well-being of respondents in the lower income brackets. From the data, it can be inferred that living conditions of many Ukrainians are inadequate to sustain and develop human potential; furthermore, the low-income households have literally to struggle every day to make ends meet. The author brings into focus the main macroeconomic factors contributing to this situation and its adverse effect on the nation’s social potential. Some of the most common social consequences of living on a low income have been identified, such as limited consumption, a person’s dissatisfaction with life and his/her position in society. The above-mentioned survey also provides the estimates of how much the current subsistence level (with regard to Ukraine) should be. Having been made by different socio-demographic and occupational groups of Ukraine’s population, these estimates are a useful source of information — given that subsistence level is considered the basic social standard. According to the survey, all these figures are at variance with the official subsistence level, which is noticeably lower, and this indicates that the current subsistence level needs an upward revision. Today, the overall socio-economic situation in Ukraine is unfavourable for neoliberal economic reforms initiated by the government. Since these policies are primarily designed to reduce the role of state in managing the economy and implementing social welfare programmes, following this path will inevitably result in the entrenchment of mass poverty and in a major loss of Ukraine’s human potential, as well as labour force. The author argues that tackling the country’s chronic low income problem is only possible if a new strategy for socio-economic development is adopted, where social welfare is prioritised.

scholarly journals Level of Repression in Altai Regions between 1935 and 1937: An Attempt at Using Statistical and GIS Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-103
Author(s):  
Ekaterina M. Mishina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Spatial Factor ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Cluster

This article focuses on the analysis of the impact of socio-economic development indicators of Altai region and Oyrot autonomous region on the eve of the Great Purge (1935 — first half of 1937) on the regional intensity of repression. Employing statistical methods (regression analysis), the author verifies the hypothesis that in the areas with the highest level of well-being of the population, the level of repression was also higher. It is established that the turnover and expenditures per capita compared with other economic indicators had the greatest influence on repression levels in Altai and Oyrotia regions. Based on the results of the analysis of regional statistics, the author of the article puts forward a theory that the thesis proclaimed by the Bolsheviks to justify the failure of economic development by the actions of the “enemies” in practice seems untenable, since economically lagging regions were characterised by a relatively low level of repression. In the second part of the article, the author presents a typology of districts of Altai and Oyrotia regions based on the results of cluster analysis of various groups of socio-economic development indicators. Additionally, she substantiates the hypothesis about the influence of the spatial factor on the intensity of repression: the groups of regions of each individual cluster consist mainly of adjacent regions.

scholarly journals Content of psychologycal well – being of Latgale population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ēriks Kalvāns
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Empirical Material

Psychological well-being affects all areas of a person's life, physical health and social well-being. High psychological well - being make a longer human life and provides continuous personal development and self-improvement. As shown by the results of studies, psychological well-being content varies among different ethnic groups and cultures. Thus, despite the accumulated theoretical and empirical material about the research challenges of wealth, not properly applied research results in other countries to a particular country or region, in this case - Latvia and the Latgale region. Socio-economic development in this region have the lowest rates. These facts raise the question of Latgale adverse socio-economic impact on the psychological well-being of its people. In view of these facts, this study aims are to investigate the population of Latgale psychological well-being lewel and content of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Study on the Prevention and Controlling of Dissimilation of Social Functions of Commercial Banks Based on the Fulfillment of Social Responsibility of Chinese Commercial Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuobi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The dissimilation of the social functions of commercial banks is a phenomenon that the function of commercial banks deviates from the economic development and the people's livelihood. Such phenomenon, which can be seen all over the world, impedes the socio-economic development and affects the well-being of the people to some degree. After investigating and analyzing the dissimilation of the social functions of Chinese commercial banks, it was found that their social functions play a significant role, and the booming development of these banks has made great contribution to the economic growth and improved people's livelihood in China. China should also have special experience in preventing and handling this dissimilation.

scholarly journals Forecasting of the sustainable socio-economic development level of rural areas on the basis of strategic planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Никитина ◽  
Tatiana Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to justify areas and activities that contribute to increasing the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas identified through strategic planning. During the research general scientific methods were used, including monographic, index, strategic planning, forecasting, analysis, comparison. The strategic directions for the development of rural areas are defined: improvement of the living conditions of the population, arrangement of rural areas by objects of social, engineering and road infrastructure. The scientific novelty of the study is the proposal of managerial decisions, reflected in the raise of individual indicators that contribute to increasing the level of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas based on the identified directions. These indicators include: the value of the average monthly wage of employees, average annual population, agricultural production, the amount of investment in fixed capital, the level of gasification of rural settlements, the amount of housing space per rural resident, the level of provision in rural areas of preschool education. The growth rates of indicators were derived on the basis of the conducted analytical study for the period from 2010 to 2018 and the current economic situation. Based on the results of the long-term forecasting, higher sustainability indexes were calculated for each rural municipal district of the Chelyabinsk region. In general the index of sustainability of rural territories of the region will increase by 15.9 % to the end of 2030. The increase in the level of well-being and the improvement of the quality of life of the rural population is affected by the increase in the volume of agricultural production, population, investment, wages, the level of communal infrastructure provision and pre-school education. The practical application of this study results is the possibility of using the above calculations in the program and strategic documentation at the municipal and regional levels.

scholarly journals METHODICAL PRINCIPLES OF TYPOLOGY OF PASSENGER CARS REGIONAL MARKETS

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Inna Yu. SHEVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Car Market ◽  
National Market ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The market of cars is an important indicator of the socio-economic well-being of the population, since the purchase of a car, as a rule, marks the achievement by individuals of full satisfaction of primary needs and stability in cash receipts. At the same time, conditions for the functioning of the passenger car market differ considerably in the regions, which complicates the effective management of the development of the passenger car market at the national level.Hypothesis of scientific research. It is assumed that the functioning of regional markets for passenger cars is largely determined by the influence of certain indicators of socio-economic development of the regions. Identification of the availability, nature and strength of the impact of indicators of socio-economic development of regions on the functioning of regional markets of passenger cars will improve the efficiency of management of the development of the national market of passenger cars.The purpose of the article is to develop the methodological principles of management of the national market of passenger cars through the development of methodical tools for the typology of regional markets of passenger cars.Methods of research: method of expert poll – to determine the list of indicators of socio-economic development of regions that influence the functioning of regional markets of passenger cars; the method of theoretical generalization – for the formation of the methodology of typology of regional markets of passenger cars on the most significant indicators of socio-economic development of regions.Results: the methodology of typology of regional markets of passenger cars was developed, which provides clusterization of passenger car markets at the regional level by types: "production oriented market", "socially oriented market", "trade-oriented market", "financially investment-oriented market", "innovative oriented market"," mixed market".Conclusions: the development of methodological tools for the typology of regional markets of passenger cars contributes to the further development of methodical principles of management of the national market of passenger cars in the direction of strengthening the target direction and, thus, increasing the effectiveness of managerial influence on the processes taking place in the market of passenger cars on the meso-, and at macro levels.

scholarly journals The Role and Impact of Transportation to the Socio-Economic Development of the Colonial Government of Nigeria (1900 – 1960)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Ugwukah ◽  
Anthony Danladi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Colonial Economy ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
Colonial Government

This study seeks to interrogate the motives, challenges, complexities and contribution of the transportation infrastructure to the socio-economic development of the colonial government of Nigeria between 1900 and 1960. Although a lot of literature exists on the contribution of transportation to the Nigerian colonial economy, yet, there has been no serious attempt to investigate the resistance to British demands which hurt the colonizer and of African initiatives to improve their socio-economic conditions through the transportation infrastructure. The impression is often created of a completely submissive colonial population simply complying with the colonial government instructions and demands for their produce, yet findings revealed that there were challenges and obstacles to the smooth-running of a result-oriented economic policy. The basic objective of this paper is to empirically articulate the extent to which the colonial transportation infrastructure was able to fulfill the motives/impact of these efforts to the socio-economic development and well-being of Nigerians at this period. Another objective of the work is to throw more light on the extent to which these infrastructures (transport) were able to promote or negate the interests and development of the colonial government of Nigeria. The study utilized both primary and secondary data and employed the simple descriptive analysis of the materials through the historical methodology. The work adopted the Solow Neo-classical Growth theory which attempted to measure the extent to which labor, capital and technology were able to influence the economic growth of Nigeria. On the whole, the work concluded that despite the claims of the British government of achieving the ‘dual mandate’ policy of ascertaining that commercial interests of both the home country Britain and the colony were guaranteed, yet to a greater extent the colonial government benefitted more to the disadvantage of the colony whose development was only marginal during this period.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MACEDONIA FROM ASPECTS OF EMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION MOVEMENTS OF THE POPULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Goran Mihajlovski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable development, with emphasis on the employment rate of the population and their migration movement is a global concept that faces every country in the world in general, in order to ensure continuous improvement of the quality of life by ensuring sustainable development for both current and future generations.The realization of this goal means creating a stable economy with full and highly qualified employment, quality health care, stable social security, environmental protection, reduced migration movement, in order to provide a peaceful and safe world.Based on that, Europe's determination to participate actively in the global process of sustainable development, highlighted at the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Conference, resulted in the adoption of the EU's first strategy for sustainable development (GOR) in Gothenburg, 2001 and revised in 2006 by the European Commission.The main goal of the strategy for socioeconomic sustainable development is to establish a set of measures and activities that will enable continuous improvement of the life of the present and future generations by creating sustainable communities capable of managing and effectively using natural resources.So the key objectives of the European strategy for sustainable socio-economic development relating to environmental protection, social equity and economic prosperity, based on this the main challenges in terms of socio-economic development in terms of the employment rate and the migration movements that are imposed are: Social inclusion, demography and migration - improvement of living conditions as a precondition for lasting individual well-being as well as Global poverty and facing the challenges of sustainable development - poverty reduction, active promotion of sustainable development and ensuring consistency of internal and external policies with global sustainable development and undertaken international obligations.In fact, the aim of this paper is to give a brief conceptual overview of the impact of statistical indicators on the employment rate and migration movements of the population on the socio-economic development of the country.

scholarly journals Deploying evidence-based research for socio-economic development policies in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhikru A. Yagboyaju
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Developed World

Background: Society’s socio-economic development process, which covers ways and means of ensuring the well-being and self-actualisation of the generality of the citizens, requires viable and implementable policies.Aim: This article analyses the interconnections between evidence-based research, adequate policies and societal advancement in many parts of the developed world, as well as the underperformance in societies with obvious research–policy gaps.Setting: Using Nigeria as country of study, it focuses attention on how evidence-based research could be deployed more effectively for improved livelihood.Methods: Data are drawn from historical and contemporary documentary secondary sources. This is complemented by the analyses of selected documented interviews and special reports on aspects of society, economy and politics in the country. The article’s framework of analysis draws strength from a combination of role and ecological theories, though it adopts an interpretative research methodology.Results: It finds out that the ecology of public policies in Nigeria plays a critical role in the gap that exists between policy formulation and implementation.Conclusion: In its conclusion and recommendations, the article draws examples of best practices from around the world.

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