SUZANNE BING, EL LEGADO DE UNA MAESTRA OLVIDADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 37-64
Author(s):  
Ana Bustamante Rosero ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Embodied Knowledge ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
Training Research ◽  
European Theatre

This article focuses on the life and legacy of Suzanne Bing. She was the pedagogical director and driving force behind the actor’s training research at Théâtre du Vieux Colombier. She played a deci- sive role in the apprenticeship and pedagogical process of an entire ge- neration of practitioners that changed 20th-century European theatre. This brief overview is revealed as a necessity because her figure, despite being crucial in the emergence of physical theatres, has been excluded and forgotten by Theatre’s history. It is a need to restore and contribute to the diffusion of her eminently pedagogical legacy that is linked to the practices of gestural theatre and corporeal mime. Such obliteration leads us to inquire about the mechanisms that made it possible as well as to consider new perspectives in theatre studies. In this path, we em- brace the consideration of a maternal and multiple embodied genealogy of actor's training enabling theatre studies to consider in a more com- plete perspective the great practical innovations that took place in co- llaborative and collective ecosystems where men and women activated and multiplied the practical transmission of their embodied knowledge and acting reforms.

Hidden Fissures and Epidemics in Plain Sight: The Common Paths of Syphilis and HIV in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The paper examines and compares two epidemics in Russia: syphilis in the first quarter of 20th century and HIV in the early 21st century. The author considers both epidemics from the standpoint of the social sciences by applying the concept of vulnerability to underline the social and cultural factors that cause one social group to be more susceptible to a disease than another. The article focuses on gender-based vulnerability and maintains that both epidemics follow a single, structurally similar scenario. The author shows that the vulnerability of women during both the syphilis and HIV epidemics depends upon the clear continuity in the way gender roles and expectations and the relationships between men and women were structured during the early days of the USSR and in present-day Russia. The article analyzes how stigma arises and how in both eras inequality of power and expectations for men and women formed the main channel for transmission of disease. The paths along which modern epidemics spread have been mostly inherited from the epidemics of past centuries, and in particular the HIV epidemic is following a pattern derived from the syphilis epidemic. More precisely, the current epidemics exploit the same vulnerability of certain groups, vulnerability rooted in the past and still manifest in the norms and relations in contemporary culture and society where one group is much more exposed than the other. The article relies on historical sources, in particular Lev Friedland"s book Behind a Closed Door: Observations of a Venereologist published in 1927, for its account of the syphilis epidemic in the early 20th century and on the author"s own research into the experience of women living with HIV in contemporary Russia.

scholarly journals Feminismo e academia

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (199) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Yannoulas ◽  
Adriana Vallejos ◽  
Zulma Lenarduzzi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Academic Power ◽  
Critical Exploration

Depois de séculos de exclusão, as mulheres conseguem no século 20 sua inserção na universidade. O ingresso no mundo acadêmico é, sem dúvida, atravessado por diversas formas de discriminação, manifestas e encobertas, que contribuem para a formatação de trajetórias universitárias diferenciadas para homens e mulheres, assim como para uma participação desigual no próprio exercício do poder acadêmico. Embora a academia feminista tenha estimulado a produção de conhecimentos científicos não sexistas, analisando e redimensionando concepções epistemológicas tradicionais, o conteúdo e a metodologia científica hegemônica continuam manifestando traços sutilmente androcêntricos. Neste sentido, os aportes dos estudos de gênero podem contribuir com seu potencial dinamizador para a exploração crítica e para a transformação do conhecimento científico atual, bem como para uma inserção mais efetiva das mulheres nos espaços acadêmicos. Palavras-chave: academia; androcentrismo; comparação; discriminação; epistemologia; estudos de gênero; feminismo; poder; universidade. Abstract After centuries of exclusion, women in the 20th century were admitted at University. However, diverse forms of discrimination, apparent or veiled, have crisscrossed women access to the academic world. This situation has contributed to consolidate different university itineraries for men and women, as well as an unequal participation in the very academic power. Moreover, if it is true that feminist academy has stimulated the production of a nonsexist scientific knowledge, analyzing and reformulating traditional epistemological conceptions, it is also true that hegemonic scientific contents and methodologies present subtle trace of androcentrism still today. In this sense, the contribution of gender studies may provide its motivating potential to critical exploration. Gender studies may also contribute to the transformation of contemporary scientific knowledge, and to consolidate a wider and more effective insertion for women into the academic space. Keywords: academy; androcentrism; comparison; discrimination; epistemology; gender studies; feminism; power; university.

scholarly journals Conveyance of the Dramatic Work El Gran Galeoto by José Echegaray to the European Scene and His Reception in Bratislava at the End of the 19th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-347
Author(s):  
Jana Laslavíková ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Pablos Calvo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
Theatrical Adaptation ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
One Year ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Jose Echegaray

Abstract This study looks at the work of Spanish playwright José Echegaray and the circumstances of his domestication on the European theatre stages at the turn of the 20th century. One of his most important works, El gran Galeoto55, arrived in Bratislava in 1889, only one year after its premiere in Vienna and three years after the opening of the new building of the Bratislava City Theatre. The premiere of the work, translated into German and in a theatrical adaptation from Paul Lindau’s pen named Galeotto took place around the same time as the premiere of the work Ralph William from the domestic author Josef Julian, which thanks to a similar theme was perceived as «Bratislava’s Galeotto».

scholarly journals Ladies, Gentlemen and Guys: The Gender Politics of Politeness

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Sonam Pelden ◽  
Elizabeth Reid Boyd ◽  
Madalena Grobbelaar ◽  
Kwadwo Adusei-Asante ◽  
Lucy Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Western World ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Polite Society ◽  
Conservative Post ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Race And Culture

Are there ladies and gentlemen in the 21st century? Do we need them? In the 20th century, lady became particularly unpopular with second wave feminists, who preferred ‘woman’. Gentleman was seen as similarly politically incorrect: class, race and culture bound. Following previous research on the word lady, we explore here some current evocations and debates around these words. We consider how the more casual, etymologically gendered term ‘guy’ has been utilized for men and women, and how it functions to reflect and obscure gender. While the return of the lady might be considered a consumer fad, a neo-conservative post-feminist backlash, or nostalgia for an elite ‘polite society’, it also offers an opportunity for a deeper discussion about civility as part of a broader conversation that is gaining impetus in the Western world. Politeness is personal and political. Whilst evidence for a comeback of the gentleman is limited, we critically consider the re-emergence of the lady as reflecting a deeper desire for applied sexual and social ethics. Such gender ethics have global, social and cultural ramifications that we ought not to underestimate. The desire for a culture of civility is gaining momentum as we are increasingly confronted with the violent consequences of a culture without it.

Gender Communication: Understanding the Problem

10.12737/5746 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Головашенко ◽  
Irina Golovashenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
New Order ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Communication ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
The Subject

The article analyzes problem of gender communication, certain socio-cultural changes and their consequences. It shows that main methodological philosophical approaches of this problem explain features of the communication between men and women. Attention is focused on the philosophical aspect of subject-object dichotomy in gender theory. Object of our investigation is gender communication in modern society. The subject of research is the methodological basis and technology for the gender communication implementation as a culturological socio-forming factor. The author analyses the effects of the individuals interaction in different contexts of gender relations. The basis for the discourse is Michael Foucault’s concept of power, which has had a most powerful effect on gender theory since the late 20th century. The aim of the article is to confirm the possibility of a new order and communication priorities.

scholarly journals Theatre as a means of countering resurgent nationalism and racism in the 21st century: Seth Baumrin’s work in Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Ewelina Topolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
European Public ◽  
Theatre Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
The Individual

The paper describes how two European theatre groups, Subpoetics and Gershom, led by an American director, Seth Baumrin, use artistic tools to bring about political and social change. Their creative projects are aimed at combating nationalism and racism, while building a more open and more humane society, based on the dignity and self-respect of the individual, which are considered a necessary precondition of respect for others. The article testifies to the transformative power of the workshops and performances that Baumrin and his associates offer the European public, and the author supports her observations with well-established theories from the area of theatre studies and psychology. As up until now no other academic papers have been published on the subject, a large share of the information included in this article comes from primary sources such as interviews, informal conversations and direct observation.

scholarly journals Amor udrí – la poesía cortesana árabe en la Península Ibérica

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-342
Author(s):  
Karolina Janowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
European Court ◽  
Court Poetry ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Península Ibérica

The poetry of Arab-Andalusian poets is a bridge between Eastern and Western culture. Its roots date back to the sixth century, when the first Bedouin songs resounded in the limitless areas of the Arabian desert. His echoes resounded in the poetry of Provençal troubadours. Traces of this poetry can be found in the works of Renaissance poets, including Petrarc. Elements of Andalusian poetry were also visible in the poetry of the Spanish court since the 16th century. The characteristic poetic forms still appeared in 20th century poetry – at least one of the most outstanding Spanish poets, Federico Garcia Llorca, reached for it. Its greatest prosperity was in the 10th andd 11th centuries, and among the outstanding Andalusian poets were both men and women. The main motive of this poetry was unfulfilled love, which remained the dominant element of modern European court poetry.

Codex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Women Religious ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Roman Poet ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Manuscript Culture ◽  
Men And Women

The codex occupies an iconic role in Western culture. Usually narrowly applied to the folded book form of the age of print, it owes its origins and development to pre-print manuscript culture. As early as the 1st century ce, the Roman poet Martial was recommending that his readers buy the new codex form. But then, as now, publishers were slow to retool, and the ancient scroll technology continued until the 4th century, when the codex, initially the preserve of the underclasses (notably the early Christians, who valued it for its portability and cross-referencing suitability), achieved popularity as the focus of Christianity, a religion of the book. Wax tablets—the less formal medium of the day—continued in use for drafting of text and image and for informal purposes into the early 20th century. From the 5th century onward the use of decoration and paratextual features such as punctuation served to help navigate and articulate the text and images, illustrated the narrative, or explored the multivalent meaning of text through image. Both men and women, religious and secular, wealthy or poor, figured in the production of medieval books, as authors, makers, and users. Documentary evidence and that detected within the books themselves gives a picture of the ways in which literary works were composed, captured in writing, published, disseminated, and accessed. Each manuscript is unique, but together they provide a portal into a thousand years of thought.

The Lessons of the Three Forcible Ukrainizations of Little Russia (1917 – 1919, 1920s – Beginning of 1930s, 2014 – 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 400-448
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Tsipko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State System ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article is devoted to the research and author’s interpretation of the three attempts to forcibly Ukrainize Little Russia, namely in the revolutionary period 1917 – 1919, in the period of Stalin reign in the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s of the 20th century and also in the period of 2014 – 2019 during Peter Poroshenko’s presidency. All the attempts were accompanied by several competing “Ukraine projects” formed at the early stages of the experiments with the Ukrainian state system caused by the collapse of the Russian Empire. Using the contemporary material the author shows that the competence of those projects still continues nowadays and the idea of national Ukrainian statehood has failed to become real and remains just the declaration of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. The author draws corresponding parallels with the events in Belarus and considers Belorussian intelligentsia the main driving force of the separatist sentiments towards Russia, when the basic mass of the population does not support the nationalistic idea like the population of the Ukraine in the previous years.

scholarly journals Products Liability As Enterprise Liability

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Keating
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Tort Liability ◽  
Products Liability ◽  
Liability Law ◽  
Product Defect ◽  
Fault Liability

AbstractIn the American legal academy, the prevailing wisdom about the rise of modern products liability law is framed by a debate which took place more than thirty years ago. George Priest’s brilliant 1985 paper The Invention of Enterprise Liability, asserted that modern American products liability law in its formative moment was enterprise liability incarnate, but condemned this commitment as itself a profound defect in products liability law. With rhetoric worthy of a Biblical Jeremiad, Priest argued that the “unavoidable implication of the three presuppositions of [enterprise liability] is absolute liability. The presuppositions themselves do not incorporate any conceptual limit to manufacturer liability.” Priest’s work was both immensely influential and sharply contested. Gary Schwartz, writing independently at first, argued that products liability law was really fault liability all along. According to Schwartz, the “vitality of negligence” was the driving force behind the expansion of tort liability over the course of the 20th century. Negligence conceptions lurked beneath product liability law’s surface embrace of strict liability. Or so Schwartz argued. Product defect liability was strict liability in name, but the risk-utility test of product defectiveness was in fact an aggressive application of negligence criteria.

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