scholarly journals Reduksi Kadar Phospat Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Menggunakan Bakung Putih (Crinum asiaticum Linn.) (Studi Kasus: RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Kabupaten Sragen)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Kusuma Adi ◽  
Elvis Umbu Lolo ◽  
Richardus Indra Gunawan ◽  
Yonathan Suryo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Crinum Asiaticum

RSUD dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen produces liquid waste containing microorganisms, toxic and radioactive chemicals. The results of the laboratory examination showed that the liquid waste level always exceeded the quality standard, namely the parameter of phosphate. The phosphate level in September 2013 was 4.80 mg / L, while in December 2013 the concentration was 2.60 mg / L, so  additional  treatment is needed, one of which is phytoremediation using white daffodils (Crinum asiaticum Linn.). This research method is an experimental research design with  pre-post Test with Control Group Design where the wastewater will pass through a wet tank   containing white lily plants with a residence time of 24 hours/day and a treatment rate  of 1100 liters/day. Th research aimed to determine the effect of phytoremediation of white daffodils on the reduction of phosphate levels and the average percentage of its reduction. The results of this study in the ninth and tenth sample collection  met the quality standards of  1.99 mg / L and 1.89 mg / L. Phytoremediation of white daffodils (Crinum asiaticum linn.) may reduce phosphate levels by 45.59%.

scholarly journals Penurunan Kadar Amonia Limbah Cair Menggunakan Adsorben Abu Terbang Bagas di Industri Penyamakan Kulit

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betryana Agnes Pratiwi ◽  
Darjati . ◽  
Pratiwi Hermiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Environmental Quality Standard ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Tannery Industry ◽  
Before And After

The incidence of odor around the waste of the tannery industry is due to the high ammonia (NH3) content of 3.79 mg/l, so to lower the high levels of ammonia (NH3) it is necessary to process. The purpose of this research is to reduce ammonia (NH3) in the wastewater of tannery industry according to environmental quality standard. The method of this study was experimental, with Pretest-Posttest with control group design comparing ammonia decrease before and after processing, with treatment variation for 2 gram of adsorbent mass; 3 grams; 4 grams and contact time of 60 minutes; 90 minutes; 120 minutes. Measurement of ammonia (NH3) using a spectrophotometer. The highest percentage of ammonia (NH3) decline was 96.83% in a 4 gram treatment variation with 120 minutes contact time, with a decrease in ammonia value of 0.12 mg/l where the environmental quality standard of East Java Governor Regulation No. 52 of 2014 Ie 0.5 mg / l, so that the results meet the environmental quality standards. The results of statistical analysis showed that the most optimum is the mass of 4 gram adsorbent with contact time of 120 minutes. Suggestions for related industries can use the results of this study in the process of decreasing levels of ammonia (NH3) and for other researchers is expected to combine with other technologies to optimize the results in reducing levels of ammonia (NH3). Keywords : Fly ash, ammonia levels of liquid waste

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIFITAS PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN KAYU APU (Pistia stratiotes) DAN TANAMAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichornia crassipes Solms)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enggrit Ariana Sari ◽  
Koerniasari . ◽  
Soekiran Al Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Percent Decline

Tofu waste is the waste generated in tofu manufacturing process. The Waste is generated in the form of solid and liquid wastes. The liquid waste contains organic material.  When it is disposed in water without processing, it will cause pollution, such as the reduction of oxygen dissolved in the water causing disturbance on organisms living in the water. This is an actual experimental research by using "pretest-posttest with Control Group" design. This research was conducted with 9 repetitions; each took 30 liters divided into three tubs. The data were then analyzed by using the percent decline formula. The results showed that each treatment was effective to reduce BOD and COD with 2 days contact. BOD reduction was 49.11% and 42.87% for COD reduction by using  water hyacinth plant. With apu-apu, the reduction of BOD was 33.76% and COD was 36.26%. Small and medium industries experiencing problems with the quality BOD and COD level are suggested to make a pond filled with the plants to absorb the levels of BOD and COD to improve the quality of the liquid waste before it is discharged in water bodies. Government institutions are expected to continue to monitor industry that produces waste. Therefore, BOD and COD levels remain below the quality standard that has been set.Keywords    : BOD, COD, Apu-Apu, Water Hyacinth, Tofu waste

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE SQ3R DAN METODE PQ3R TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PADA MAHASISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Rini Agustina ◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Class C

This study aims to describe the effect of application of SQ3R method and PQ3R method to students' reading skill. This research uses experimental method, Quasi Experimental Design research form with Nonequivalent Control Group Design design. Population in this research is all student of Study Program of Language and Literature of Indonesia semester 6 which amounted to 243. The sample used is class C Morning and class C afternoon obtained by simple random sampling technique. The technique used is the measurement with the tool in the form of reading test in the form of multiple choice which amounted to 30 items. Data analysis technique used in this research is anava 2 lane. Based on the result of data analysis, it is known that the application of SQ3R method and PQ3R method is good with the details as follows: (1) The average value before given treatment 20,476 with enough category; (2) the average application of the SQ3R method is 22.097 with good category; (3) the average percentage of PQ3R method is 22,045 with good category.   Keywords: method SQ3R, PQ3R method, read     Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penerapan metode SQ3R dan metode PQ3R terhadap keterampilan membaca mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, bentuk penelitian  Quasi Eksperimental Design dengan rancangan Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia semester 6 yang berjumlah 243. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kelas C Pagi dan kelas C sore yang diperoleh dengan Teknik simple random sampling. Teknik yang digunakan yaitu pengukuran dengan alatnya berupa tes membaca berupa pilihan ganda yang berjumlah 30 butir soal. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anava 2 jalur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa penerapan metode SQ3R dan Metode PQ3R tergolong baik dengan rincian sebagai berikut: (1) Nilai rata-rata sebelum diberikan perlakuan 20,476 dengan kategori cukup; (2)  rata-rata penerapan metode SQ3R sebesar 22,097 dengan katergori baik; (3) persentase rata-rata metode PQ3R sebesar 22,045 denga kategori baik.   Kata kunci: metode SQ3R, metode PQ3R, membaca

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Kelor Dung Extract on Aedes aegypti Larvae Mortality

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Alfina Baharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

The high number of cases of dengue fever in Indonesia, so it needs to be held vector control effort. Moringa is used as a natural anti-mosquito capable of supplying larvae. This is because there are compounds of steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavanoids, and tannins in the stem of moringa. The type of research used was experimental with post test only control group design method. The data were collected by counting the number of Aedes aegypti instar III larvae that died in each type of salinity concentration during the exposure time. The experiment was conducted 4 times, Observation, calculation and recording of the number of live and dead larvae every 24, 32, 40 and 48 hours after treatment. The data that has been collected and analyzed is then presented in tabular and narrative form. At the concentration of 3% in the Moringa leather bark estrants at the time of 24 hour measurements in each treatment of 1 (3), 2, 3, 3 (3) treatment, 4 (1) treatment with an average percentage of larva death 27 , 5%. The concentration of 3% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larvae by 45% within 48 hours. Concentration of 3.5% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larva by 45% within 24 hours. The concentration of 4% extract of Moringa leaf bark effectively kills Aedes aegepty larva by 67.5% within 24 hours. The effective exposure time of 24 hours resulted in the death of 67.5% Aedes aegypti.  

scholarly journals Potential Development of Chicken Egg Shell in Recycling of Waste Cooking Oil Innovation through the Stirer Chamber Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260
Author(s):  
Narwati Narwati ◽  
Hadi Suryono ◽  
Setiawan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shell Powder

BACKGROUND: Waste cooking oil (WCO) is overused for frying food can be a series of chemical changes, such as rancid, oxidation, and decomposition. Most of the secretion of toxic compounds are a product of oxidizing fatty acids, especially double-unsaturated fatty acids. The intervention of stirrer chamber unit and utilization of chicken egg’s shell as an absorbent is known to be able to improve the quality of WCO, includes reducing the number of peroxide and the free fatty acids (FFA). AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the powdered chicken egg’s shell on the number of peroxide and the WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber. METHODS: The research design used a simple experiment type post-test only Control Group Design. The subject was divided randomly into two groups, the treatment was given to one group as a control group and another group (other treatment) as an experimental group. The WCO sample called “Jelantah” for each treatment was 100 ml as much as 48 samples. The replication was carried out twice with 24 treatments of the mass of egg’s shell powder that was 0 g, 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g at a stirring time for 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min before and after heating 35°C using 150 rpm of stirring speed. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the data were analyzed by Anova statistical test. RESULTS: Based on the result from this research showed that the original WCO contained the number of peroxide and FFA exceeded the quality standard of SNI 3741 (2013) that is 16.7 MekO2/kg and 0.69% in sequence. The average number of peroxide of control group before heating was 15.31 MekO2/kg and after heating was 17.4 MekO2/kg, while the FFA before heating was 0.61%, and after heating was 0.71%. The number of peroxide of the treatment group before heating was 12.83 MekO2/kg and after heating was 6.98 MekO2/kg, while the FFA content before heating was 0.46% and after heating was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that chicken egg’s shell powder could minimize the content of peroxide and WCO’s FFA through the stirrer chamber.

scholarly journals KOMBINASI PENAMBAHAN SHIELDING TIMBAL MESIN FLUOROSCOPY BAGASI DAN PENGATURAN JARAK PEKERJA TERHADAP SUMBER RADIASI MENURUNKAN PAPARAN RADIASI SINAR X DAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PEKERJA SCREENING DI BANDARA INTERNASIONAL X

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghfirotul Iffah ◽  
I Putu Gede Adiatmika ◽  
I Wayan Bandem Adnyana ◽  
I Dewa Putu Sutjana ◽  
I Made Muliarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Lead Shielding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Working Distance

Screening is ordinary process airport passanger was machine baggage. X-ray radiation gives impact to eye because eye sensitive of radiation. Many kinds of eye strain symptom got by screening worker such eye poignant. It is neressary to give  intervention to decrease the radiation exposure and eye strain for worker by increasing lead shielding on the fluoroscopy machine baggage and setting of worker distance toward the source of radiation.             Experimental research with pre-post test control group design. A sampel of 30 people were taken with a simple randomized method which was subdivided into group 1 as a control group without the additional treatment of lead shielding and working distance regulation of the radiation source, group 2 with the addition of a shielding and setting distance as far as 2 m. the study was conducted in August 2017. The variables evaluated were exposure to the received radiation of workes and the strain of the workers eyes.             The result of the research is a combination of  lead shielding on machine baggage fluoroscopy and setting of working distance to X ray source at X International Ariport significantly (p<0,05) in decreasing radiation exposure received by worker equal to 74,59% and worker eye strain 68,85% for a distance of 1,5 m and decreased radiation exposure to the workers as much as 93, 69% and the eye strain on the worker 89,79% at a distance of 2 m from the radiation source.             Concluded that the combination of increasing lead shielding and the setting of worker distance toward the source of radiation decrease thr radiation exposure and eye strain on the screening worker at X International airport.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Health Coaching Berbasis Teori Health Belief Model Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Dengan Hipertensi

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Apriyani Puji Hastuti ◽  
Hanim Mufarokhah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Control Group Design

Introduction: Most people with hypertension assume that consumption drugs can control their blood pressure. In fact, lifestyle factor such as physical activity contribute to the burden of account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and rising in hypertension, highlighly the much for prevention afford to curb public health epidemic. Health coaching was one way for the nurse to improve motivation and patient’s beliefs concerning their disease so that they would show good compliance behavior. Objective of this study was to analyze the effect of health coaching toward physical activity. Methods: This study used quasi experiment design with pre-post test control group design. Sample collection technique was by purposive sampling. The amount of sample was 26 person for each group. There were two variables, the dependent and independent variables, the dependent variable was physical activity and the independent variable was health coaching. The location in the work Pandanwangi health public care  and the time was April- Juli 2019. Statistical data test used were Mann Whitney and Sign Rank Test Wilcoxon. Result: Health coaching has effect to systolic blood pressure only. Difference test in treatment group using Wilcoxon obtain p value 0,000, while differece test with Mann Whitney obtain p value 0,000 . Discussion : There is blood pressure differences between treatment and control group. It is expected hypertension patients should be always doing use hypertension management to control blood pressure. Keywords: health coaching, hypertension, blood pressure

109 Effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol on the invitro embryo production of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers and pregnancy rate of the embryo transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
R. Tosta ◽  
R. Sala ◽  
D. Pereira ◽  
D. Kendall ◽  
F. Elliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Embryo Production

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ruminal infusion with propylene glycol (PG) on the invitro embryo production (IVEP) of Holstein (Bos taurus) prepubertal heifers (7 to 8 months). For this study, 16 prepubertal heifers were distributed into two groups: Propylene Glycol Group (PGG; n=8) and Control Group (CG; n=7). Additionally, 8 pubertal heifers were used for the positive control group (PUB). All animals (n=23) underwent an ovum pickup (OPU) for follicular ablation on Day 0, followed by an FSH protocol treatment (160mg performed in 4 injections twice a day in decreasing doses, designated as D2PM, D3AM, D3PM, and D4AM). Animals from PGG received a ruminal infusion with 250mL of PG twice a day on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, using a drench. Animals from CG and PUB did not receive any additional treatment. On Day 5 all animals underwent another OPU, and oocytes were used for the IVEP (Sexing Technologies commercial laboratory). The produced embryos were transferred fresh to Holstein heifer recipients. Additionally, blood sampling was performed on D4PM (M1) and on the day of OPU (D5AM, M2) for insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, via radioimmunoassay) and glucose (hexokinase) analysis. Data were analysed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. No difference was observed between groups for number of recovered oocytes (CG: 14.28±1.9; PGG: 14.87±3.9; PUB: 10.50±2.2; P=0.24), number of viable oocytes (CG: 10.71±2.5; PGG: 10.75±2.7; PUB: 9.50±2.0; P=0.80), cleaved oocytes (CG: 7.71±1.5; PGG: 9.50±2.1; PUB: 6.25±1.4; P=0.14), cleavage rate (CG: 54.2% (7.7 out of 14.2); PGG: 64.1% (9.5 of 14.8); PUB: 59.0% (6.2 of 10.5); P=0.35) and number of blastocysts (CG: 1.71±0.5; PGG: 2.00±0.6; PUB: 3.12±1.0; P=0.71). Pubertal heifers had higher blastocyst rates compared with prepubertal heifers, regardless of PG treatment (CG: 11.9% (1.7 of 14.2); PGG: 13.5% (2 of 14.8); PUB: 29.5% (3.1 of 10.5); P=0.01). No difference was observed between groups for 30-day (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 46.7% (7 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.96) or 60-day pregnancy rates (CG: 41.7% (5 of 12); PGG: 33.3% (5 of 15); PUB: 42.9% (6 of 14); P=0.86). In addition, no difference was observed for pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 days (CG: 0.0% (0 of 12); PGG: 13.3% (2 of 15); PUB: 0.0% (0 of 14); P=0.99). Regarding metabolic blood analysis, no difference was observed for IGF-1 (ngmL−1) between groups (P=0.38), moment of sample collection (P=0.06), and interaction of group×moment (P=0.87; CG/M1: 263.36±15.2; CG/M2: 297.71±18.7; PGG/M1: 304.25±26.9; PGG/M2: 332.61±31.6; PUB/M1: 309.16±19.9; PUB/M2: 311.07±18.8). Glucose (mg dL−1) was higher (P=0.0001) for pubertal heifers (91.63±1.4) compared with the other groups (CG: 102.25±1.1; PGG: 107.71±3.5); however, no difference was observed for moment of sample collection (P=0.35) or interaction of group×moment (P=0.36). These data show that treatment with PG was not efficient to improve the IVEP of prepubertal Holstein heifers, embryos from prepubertal heifers treated with PG did not have increased pregnancy rate, and treatment did not increase IGF-1 or glucose blood levels.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tawas dan Waktu Pengadukan Terhadap Kadar Fosfat pada Limbah Cair Laundry di Martapura Kabupaten Banjar

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Rifani Alfian ◽  
Sulaiman Hamzani ◽  
Abdul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Central District ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Laundry Washing ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Effect of Stirring Time Alum And Phosphate Levels In Liquid Waste Martapura Laundry In Central District. One of the wastes produced is phosphate. Disposal of waste which contains phosphates in the water can cause eutrophication processes in the aquatic environment. Therefore it needs proper methods for treating waste that contains a lot of laundry phosphate compounds that safely discharged into the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of alum and alum stirring time on levels of phosphate in laundry wastewater XXX in Martapura, Banjar.This type of research is shaped Experimental research. Design The study design is randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was liquid waste from the laundry XXX Laundry washing process that represents the entire population of data analysis using One Way ANOVA Test. The result of a decrease in the average levels of phosphate in sequence on each variation of stirring time, ie 92.7%; 99.6%; and 96.7%. The statistical test used is One Way Anova test. Based on an analysis using One Way ANOVA in the treatment group p-value (0.00

scholarly journals Model latihan core stability cabang olahraga renang gaya kupu-kupu untuk usia 9-10 tahun

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Vian Octrialinanggih Pradana ◽  
Iwan Hermawan ◽  
Ika Novitaria Marani
Keyword(s):  
Training Model ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Stability Ball ◽  
Stability Training ◽  
Product Effectiveness

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan produk model latihan core stability menggunakan stability ball cabang olahraga renang gaya kupu-kupu usia 9-10 tahun. Penelitian & Pengembangan ini menggunakan pendekatan Borg dan Gall. Subjek yang digunakan 20 atlet untuk uji coba kelompok kecil, 60 atlet untuk uji coba kelompok besar, dan 30 atlet untuk uji efektifitas produk. Model latihan core stability divalidasi ahli kepelatihan kondisi fisik dan ahli olahraga renang. Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil, model latihan core stability mendapat persentase rata-rata 82,20%. Hasil uji coba kelompok besar, model latihan core stability mendapat persentase rata-rata 79,60%. Uji efektivitas produk menggunakan tes kecepatan renang 50 meter gaya kupu-kupu dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design. Dari hasil selisih pretest-posttest kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol diperoleh harga thitung = 7,776 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Didapatkan ttabel dari db = 58 dari taraf signifikansi 5% adalah 1,671. Jadi nilai thitung > ttabel (7,776 > 1,671) dan sig. (2 tailed) atau p-value = 0,000 < 0,05. Sehingga disimpulkan terdapat efektifitas hasil kecepatan renang gaya kupu-kupu atlet renang usia 9-10 tahun yang diberikan latihan core stability menggunakan stability ball.Stability Exercise Model In Butterfly Swimming For 9-10 Years Old Children Abstract         This research aims to produce the model of core stability training model using stability ball in butterfly swimming for 9-10 years old. This Research & Development uses the Borg and Gall approach. Subjects used 20 athletes for small group trials, 60 athletes for large group trials, and 30 athletes to test product effectiveness. The core stability training model is validated by physical fitness experts and swimming sport experts. Small group trial results, core stability training model got an average percentage of 82.20%. The results of large group trials, core stability training model got an average percentage of 79.60%. Product effectiveness test using 50 meter butterfly swimming speed test with pretest-posttest control group design. From the result of  the difference beetwen the pretest-posttest experiment and control group obtained tcount = 7,776 with significance 0,000. Obtained ttable from db = 58 from 5% significance level is 1,671. So tcount> ttable (7,776 > 1.671) and sig. (2 tailed) or p-value = 0.000 < 0.05. So concluded there is effectiveness of swimming pool speed butterfly swimming athletes aged 9-10 years who are given core stability training using stability ball.

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