scholarly journals Features of selection methods in the period of creation of Ukrainian red dairy breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (90) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
T. V. Pidpala ◽  
N. P. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

Investigation of the selection methods, used during various stages of the creating the Ukrainian red dairy breed, has an actual significance in the evaluation of the methodology of the breed formation process. A comparative analysis found that the female ancestors of the studied cows according to milk yield significantly differed. With each subsequent stage, bulls-breeders, which were used in the breeding process, prevailed over female ancestors of the previous stage according to the milk productivity. The level of maternity benefit of the parents of the second and third stages was higher than that of the parents of the first stage mothers. However, for fatty milk, the parents of stage I parents had a superiority, compared with the second and third stages. While analyzing the milk yield of mothers of cows, it was found a certain pattern. In particular, the increase in milk in the next stages of the breeding of Ukrainian red dairy breed. According to the productivity of cows-primates, derived from different selection methods, determined by the level of support of female ancestors, the effectiveness of the use of highly heterogeneous selection is established. The difference in comparison with the homogeneous selection for the second and third stages was 462 kg (P > 0.999) and 235 kg of milk, respectively. As for the first stage of  breeding of Ukrainian red dairy breed, the best results were obtained from the use of moderately heterogeneous selection. Its efficiency is confirmed by the highest milk yield of 359 kg (P > 0.95) of milk compared with homogeneous selection. There was a tendency to increase the fat content in milk of animals in the I, II and III stages of the breeding process in a highly heterogeneous selection in comparison with homogeneous selection, the difference was accordingly 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.03%. It should be noted that in the second stage, heterogeneous selection was effective. Along with the abovementioned, there is a general tendency of reduction of fatty milk production in ІІІ stage compared to І and ІІ stages. This is explained by the inclusion in the program of the breeding process of the Ukrainian red dairy breed using the Holstein breeder bulls. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, we have a convincing confirmation of the effectiveness of a highly heterogeneous selection. In the first and second stages of breeding, the prevail of milk fat was 15.4 kg (P > 0.99) and 12.9 kg (P > 0.95) compared to homogeneous selection. Thus, it is logical to increase the level of milk productivity in the studied cows from the first to the third stage of the withdrawal of Ukrainian red dairy breeds with the advantage of using highly heterogeneous selection.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS WITH LIVE WEIGHT AND AGE AT THE FIRST INSEMINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Intensive Growth

The efficiency of the use of cattle of one or another breed is determined both by the level of milk productivity and the ability of the cattle to reproduce. At the same time, the future reproductive capacity, milk yield and duration of economic use to a large extent depends on the live weight and age when heifers insemination. The purpose of research. Study the effect of live weight and age at the first insemination on the milk productivity cows of Ukrainian red dairy breed. Methods. The research was carried out in the breeding plant of the state enterprise "Elite" of the Kirovograd state agricultural research station of NAAS on 697 cows of Ukrainian red dairy breeds, which were found during 2004–2014. Milk productivity of cows and their live weight and age at the first insemination were investigated according to the materials of the primary zootechnical and pedigree records. The degree of connection of live weight and age at the first insemination with milk productivity was estimated by correlation analysis. One-factor dispersion analysis determined the level of influence of the age of the first insemination and live weight on the productivity of cows. The calculations were made using methods of mathematical statistics using the software package "STATISTICA-6.1". Results of research. By the analysis of milk production on experimental cows, determined, that its level depends on the live weight of animals at the first insemination. Therefore, cows with live weight at the first insemination was 420–439 kg, dominated by mercy unique live weight of 380 kg in the first lactation at 244 kg (6242 vs 5998 kg), td = 1,96 for the third – 1069 kg (7465 vs 6396 kg), td = 2,37 by best lactation 498 kg (7916 vs 7418 kg), td = 2,03, significance level for all lactation (P < 0,05). To the milk fat, accordingly, the predominance was 13.2 kg (260,2 vs 247,0 kg), 22,9 (309,5 vs 286,6 kg) and 21,0 kg (325,1 vs 304,1 kg), the difference is close to the true values. The peers with a live weight of 400–419 kg and 440 kg and more also yielded in the first milk yield. The difference the milk I, III and the best lactation was 72 kg, 219 kg and 91 161 kg, 674, 589 kg for milk fat yield 5 kg, 10.3, 6.1 kg and 11.5 kg, 28.8, 19.5 kg, respectively. Due to the lesser number of animals, the vast majority of values did not reach a reliable level. Studies of milk productivity of cows, depending on the age of the first insemination, showed that its cow was the highest, which were counted at the age of 455 days. The lowest rates of dairy productivity were the animals that were fertilized at the age of 606 or more days. Correlation analysis found the highly reliable of feedback age insemination of cows milk yield in the first three lactation (-0,25 ... -0,37). Similar patterns of feedback for somewhat lower correlation coefficients are noted with the release of milk fat (-0,23 ... -0,33). Coherence of live weight at the I insemination and follow-on milk production was significantly lower (compared with age insemination) in absolute value, for only a certain level of first lactation milk yield and milk fat yield (P < 0,05). The significant influence of the investigated factors on milk yield of cows is established. Thus, by milk yield and milk fat and protein for 305 days of lactation cows power of influence age of first insemination exceeded 50%, the fat and protein in milk index of potency is 32 and 30% by high-confidence values for milk yield and yield of milk protein and fat . Somewhat lower than 20 to 33%, the effect of live weight on the first insemination was shown on the performance of cows. Сonclusion. The heifers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed in conditions of the Central region of Ukraine advisable to fertilize at the age of 455 days, or 14,5–15 months, when they reach the living weight of 420–439 kg. The revealed feedback of the inseminative age and milk productivity can be explained by more intensive growth, better development and economic rapidity of the previously diced heifers and its should lead to intensive rearing of young animals. Determined, that the force of age-old influence of the first insemination on the lactic productivity of the cows exceeds 50%, the live weight reaches from 20 to 33%. Discovered tendency also confirms the expediency of intensive growth of repair heifers.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF HOLSTEIN BREED BULLS BY DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF THEIR DAUGHTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
S. L. Voitenko ◽  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Paternal Origin ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The scientific community has shown that the genetic improvement of dairy cattle depends on many genotypic factors, including paternal ancestry and lineage. With this in mind, the purpose of our research was to evaluate the Holstein bulls of black-and-white and red-and-white suits of different lines for the milk productivity of their daughters. The research was carried out on the basis of primary breeding records of 10 breeding herds of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, 3 – Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed and one – Ukrainian Red Dairy breed, which are subordinated to NAAS. Cows of the studied breeds has divided into groups according to lineage and paternal origin. Studies have revealed a significant differentiation of milk yield of cows of the first and highest lactation not only of one breed, but also of linear affiliation and paternal origin. It was found that the yield of the first lactation in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed varied from 3211 kg (Damir 7100354042) to 7884 kg (Dzhokus 113080315) of milk. Noteworthy are the daughters of Dzhokus 113080315, from which 9143 kg of milk were obtained for higher lactation, Polyarsten 342347941 and Manteno 344222859 – 8248 kg and 8290 kg of milk, respectively. The significant influence of paternal origin on the yield of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows of the first and higher lactation (31.0%; P > 0.999) and 37.3% has been proved; P > 0.999). The influence of genealogical formation on the milk productivity of cows was significant and amounted to 10.8% for the first lactation, higher – 10.2%. Some of the first-born Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed has characterized by high milk productivity, which steadily increased until the third and higher lactation. The yield of cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first lactation varied from 5414 kg (Dialog 2009) to 6689 kg (Larets 6177), testifying to better homogeneity of herds in terms of milk productivity compared to the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The highest yield of the third and highest lactation – 7626 kg, had cows-daughters of the bull Roman 660886883 Starbuck line 352790. The variability of milking cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of the first and highest lactation by 25.0% and 15.2%, respectively, was due to the influence of the father offspring and to a lesser extent – belonging to the line. A very high (6517–8013 kg) realization potential of milking cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed was established, but it also depended on the paternal origin and linear affiliation. The highest yield of the first lactation were shown by the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897, Dzhorin 114414759 and Tumpi 112367468, who produced 8013 kg, 7323 kg and 7170 kg of milk, respectively. In cows of this breed it was found that yield increased with increasing serial number of lactation, with the third and higher lactation cows produced more than 8000 kg of milk per lactation, and the daughters of bull Dzhorin 114414759 – more than 9000 kg. The influence of the bull on the milk productivity of the first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed (16.7%; P > 0.999) is almost three times higher than this linear affiliation. Significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by the father is established. The advantage of the daughters of the bull Belisar 365235897 of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed on milking of the first lactation over the representatives of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed was 1932 kg (p < 0.001). The difference in milk yield of the first lactation of the half-sisters by the father, the bull Konbeo 579810507 was 1007 kg (p < 0.01), and Roman 660886883 – 717 kg. Thus, a significant phenotypic variability of milk productivity of cows of different breeds of half-sisters by father was established. At the same time, regardless of the breeder, the cows of the Ukrainian Red Dairy breed were characterized by higher milk yield of the first lactation in comparison with the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed.

scholarly journals Variability of dairy productivity of cows depending on the breeding method by lines

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
A. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Statistical Reliability ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

The effectiveness of intraline and interline selection at breeding of Sumy intrabreed type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were carried out in the breeding farms of Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC “Raise-Maximko” and “Pershe Travnya” in the Sumy district. According to the results of researches of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, regularities of influence on the level of traits of dairy productivity of different variants of selection were determined and confirmed by statistical reliability. According to the evaluation of cows under control herds obtained during intra-linear and interlinear selections, it was found that most often among the evaluated variants the offspring obtained from interlinear crosses were the best on the grounds of milk productivity. In the herd of breeding farm “Pershe Travnya” sires of Starbak's parental line 352790 were successfully combined in all investigated variants of interlinear crosses with maternal Eleveyshna 1491007, Valianta 1650414, S.T. Rokita 252803 and P.F.A. Chifa 1427381, as evidenced by the high milk yield of cows, received from these combinations, which was according to the first lactation 5837-6223 kg of milk and higher - 6525-7474 kg. The difference in milk yield of first-born cows obtained in the interlinear crosses with Starbak's parent line 352790 ranged from 404 (P <0.05) to 790 kg (P <0.001). In the system of linear breeding the reasonableness of carrying out regular monitoring to evaluate the combination of lines in the breeding process of dairy breeds is motivated. Reapplication of the most successful and abandonment of ineffective selection options will help to increase the genetic potential of dairy productivity of cattle produced by Ukrainian breeds. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, lines, milk productivity.

THE FORMATION OF FACTORY FAMILIES OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
T. O. Chernyavska ◽  
L. V. Bondarchuk ◽  
I. P. Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of the research was to study milk production of many factory families of Ukrainian Brown dairy breed and study the influence of origin on the indices of milk yield, duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows. Method. For research allocated 9 factory families of Ukrainian Brown dairy breed of State Enterprise «Experimental Farm of Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» (Valuty 413, Voli 8369, Laymy 8221, Miry 7209, Ryabuhy 9728, Sujety 6091, Tochky 8169, Chubarochky 7743, Shchepky 4344). Among the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows was determined the duration (days) of life, economic use of and of lactation, number of lactations for life, lifetime milk yield and yield of milk fat (kg) average lifetime content (%) fat in milk, milk yield (kg) per day of life, economic use and lactation. The coefficient of economic use was calculated (expression in percent) by the proposed method by Pelehaty M. S. et al. In addition were determined (also in percentage) coefficient of lactation and the coefficient of productive use offered by Polupan Y. P. Milk productivity of the animals was evaluated according to the materials of the primary zoo-technical account. Statistical processing of results of studies was conducted by methods of mathematical statistics using the PC. The results of the research. By analyzing the productivity of cows managed to identify a significant level of specificity and differentiation of families according to the indications. Of the 90 cows accounted for the highest productivity of lactation, 28, or 31%, had hopes of 5.0 thousand kg and above. Most of these cows had family, Miry 7209 (67%), Ryabuhy 9728 (57%), Valuty 413 (55%), Shchepky 4344 (50%), less-Sujety 6091 (36%), Chubarochky 7743 (33%), Tochky 8169 (25%), Laymy 8221 (16%), Voli 8369 (10%). Over a long period of economic use and lactation of animals of Valuty 413 family resulted higher in comparison with other families a lifelong yield. The influence of the origin of cows on the indices of milk productivity and effectiveness for lifelong use was discovered. The origin of the family significantly influenced on milk yield for better lactation and milk yield per 1 day of life. Other indicators were not significant according to the origin, although they had high values (from 5.4 to 26.7%). So we can consider it expedient to work with families to improve the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows. Conclusions. The highest average yield for the first lactation animals is characterized by animals of Ryabuhy 9728 family, the content of fat in milk – by animals of Voli 8369 family. Long average duration and a better efficiency is in the life of the cows of Valuty 413 family. The highest average milk yield in one day life had animals of Valuty 413 family. Animals of Valuty 413 family are allocated at the average value of the coefficient of economic use. Optimal average lactation animals belong to the Voli 8369 and Shchepky 4344 families. In some families identified animals that have a lifetime yield of more than 50.0 thousand kg of milk. The influence of the origin of cows on the indices of milk productivity and effectiveness of lifetime use was installed. Between separate parameters of milk production and indicators of the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of a set of reliable correlation, the magnitude and direction of which are different in animals of different families.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDING GROUPS OF THE BUKOVINSKY FACTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. I. Liubynskyi ◽  
R. V. Kasprov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed

The studies were conducted on the materials of the breeding record of the breeding plant of JSC "Mirne" of Chernivtsi region - the basic farm of the Bukovyna factory type of the Ukrainian red-speckled dairy breed. 360 cows were selected for analysis, based on live weight, yields, fat and protein content of milk, total milk fat and protein content. The intensification of dairy cattle breeding necessitates the systematic evaluation of animals in herds and populations on the basis of economically useful traits. Analysis of the productive qualities of the cows of the different breeding groups showed that, by live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, the two-breed (II breeding group) animals were better than the three-breed (I breeding group). The difference for the first lactation was 11.2; 32.9; 1.5; 1.0 kg respectively. In cows with the second lactation, the pattern remained, the difference was 22.2; 395.8; 15.8; 13.1 kg respectively, and for the third lactation – 31.4; 124.3; 4.8; 4.2 kg. The fat and protein content of milk varied between 3.88–3.89% and 3.33–3.34%, respectively. It should be noted that in cows of both groups there was a decrease in milk milk yield with increasing number of lactations.An evaluation of the productive qualities of the first-born cows of the different lines showed that Marshall's first-borns were better in live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein, although they were inferior to other lines in terms of fat and protein content. In the firstborn of the Hanover Red line, the estimated values were lower than in animals of other lines, in particular – by live weight by 11.4 kg, milk yield by 1115.2 kg, milk fat by 44.1 kg, milk protein by 37.2 kg (Chif line), by 5.4; 1336.5; 52.7; 45.2 kg (Starbuck line) and 14.7; 1465; 55.1; 48.3 kg (Marshall Line).The effectiveness of breeding for increasing dairy productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically beneficial traits. It was found that the highest positive values of correlation coefficients were observed in the cows of the studied groups between milk yield and protein content in the context of all lactations – 1st breeding group (r = 0,12–0,25), 2 nd breeding group (r = 0.19–0.3). In the cows of the first breeding group for the first and second lactations revealed not high but positive correlation of milk yield with live weight (r = 0.33–0.49). In the cows of the second breeding group for the first and second lactation positive correlation with milk fat content was found.The first positive cows of different lines showed the highest positive values of the correlation coefficients between milking and protein content (r = 0.19–0.43). There was also a low positive correlation of milk yield with live weight in the firstborn of all evaluated lines (r = 0.03–0.09), as well as milk fat content in cows of Starbuck and Marshall lines.Conclusions. 1. By live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, two-bovine cows of the Bukovyna factory type of Ukrainian red-speckled dairy breed were better than three-born. The fat and protein content of milk varied between 3.88–3.89% and 3.33–3.34%, respectively. In cows of both groups there was a decrease in milk yield with increasing number of lactations.2. By live weight, milk yield, milk fat and protein content, Marshall Line firsts were better, although they were inferior to other lines in terms of fat and protein content. In the firstborn of the Hanover Red line, the estimates were lower than in other line animals.3. The highest positive values of correlation coefficients were observed between milk yield and protein content in the context of all lactations in the cows of Bukovyna factory type of Ukrainian red-rippled dairy breed. In two breeds of cows for the first and second lactation revealed not high but positive correlation of milk yield with live weight, and in three breeds for the first and second lactation positive correlation of milk yield with fat content.

scholarly journals Indicators of Food Activity As Breeding Dairy Cattle Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Sedunova ◽  
Alexander Kudrin ◽  
Marina Mechanikova ◽  
Julia Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the data of ethological studies on dairy cows of the Ayrshire breed of the second lactation under conditions of stall-tethered keeping in the spring. Animals with increased nutritional activity have milk yield per 305 days of lactation higher by 1662 kg (P> 0.999) compared with animals with reduced nutritional activity. The amount of milk fat in animals with increased food activity is 72.8 kg more (P> 0.999), and the total amount of milk protein is 47.8 kg more (P> 0.999) than in animals with reduced food activity. An increased index of food activity characterizes Ayrshire cows. Comparison of milk yields obtained from Ayrshire cows with milk yields of cows with reduced food activity leads to the establishment of the following results: there is a difference in milk yield for the first lactation of 1179 kg (P> 0.999), a difference in the amount of milk fat 53.2 kg (P> 0.99), and by the amount of milk protein – 36.4 kg (P> 0.99). Comparison of the total activity index led to the following results: the difference in milk yield per 305 days of lactation is 1386 kg (P> 0.999), in the amount of milk fat 61.3 kg (P> 0.999), milk protein 40.0 kg (P> 0.999). The highest correlation is observed between the index of food activity and milk productivity in ultra-active animals. In infra-passive cows, the correlation between the index of food activity and milk productivity is negative. Therefore, an effective means of increasing milk productivity is the selection of animals of Ayrshire breed by ethological individuality, taking into account indices of food, motor, and general activity. The studied indices of ethological activity are inherited by cows and can be effectively used in breeding and breeding with highly productive cattle of the Vologda selection.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPE FEATURES APPEARANCE OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT UKRAINIAN DAIRY BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED COWS GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
A Share

The main task of breeding in dairy cattle breeding is to raise dairy productivity of cows. Improvement of productive qualities of domestic dairy cattle with the use of Holstein breeders of high breeding value led to serious disadvantages, including impairment of animal health, reproductive capacity and quality of milk. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the milk productivity of cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and ascertain the relationship between quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk. Research conducted at agricultural limited liability company "Lishche" Lutsk district of Volyn region on cows of different genotypes of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. 5 groups of animals were formed: I − cows with a proportion of Holstein breed 75% or less, II − with a share Holstein heredity 75.1–81.25%, III − Holstein heredity share 81.26–87.50%, ІV − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein 87.51–93.75% and V − with a share of the heredity of the Holstein more than 93.75%. Evaluation of milk productivity was carried out by milk yield, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat for the first, second, third and highest lactations according to the data of zootechnical accounting. It was found that the largest number of animals under control (33.7%) was with the relative share of Holstein heredity of 81.26–87.50%, and the lowest (9.3%) was with relative share of the Holstein breed's heredity more than 93.75%. Analysis of the level of milk yield of cows of different genotypes showed that the increase of Holstein heredity increases milk yields, however, significantly reduces the fat content of milk. If the animals have a share of Holstein heredity up to 75% the milk yields was 5154, and the amount of milk fat − 199.7 kg, and cows with hereditary of 75.10–81.25% showed figures increased by 16.4 and 15.5%, with Holstein heredity 81.26–87.50% by 23.3 and 20.8%, Holstein heredity 87.51–93.75% for 26.1 and 23.2% and with Holstein heredity more than 93.75% for 34.8 and 31.4%, and fat content in milk, on the contrary, decreased, depending on the genotype of animals, by 1.6–2.3%. In all in the above cases, these changes were highly significant (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of breeding on increasing the milk productivity of cows depends on the efficiency of selection and selection of animals, taking into account the phenotypic and genetic correlation between economically useful features. It was found that the studied cows of all genotypes had highest highly reliable (P < 0.001) positive values of correlation coefficients between milk yield and milk fat (Table 2). These features are the most predicted because strong relationship between them (r = 0.912–0.987). There was also observed direct positive ligament (r = 0.039–0.533, P < 0.05–0.001) between fat content in milk and milk fat content, and mostly weak, and only in some cases correlation coefficients had average values. The cows of the studied genotypes had the lowest and for the most part unreliable values of relative variability by the milk yields and fat content milk. The heifers with conditional share of Holstein heredity, more than 75% had negative and weak relationship features, and the older cows were diversified from weak to average values. One of the reliable criteria for determining the level of heredity of features is the coefficient of frequency, which indicates their heredity stability in age. Coefficients of age-related frequency of milk yield, fat content of milk and the highest milk fat content of cows with a conditional share of Holstein heredity of up to 75% had indicating a higher degree of heredity of these features compared to high half-bred cows. With the increasing of heredity of the Holstein breed the genotype of controlled animals values were decreasing for the most part. The most significant and reliable (P < 0.001) genotype of animals affected milk yields (13.3–18.1% of the total variability of this feature), less – the fat content of milk (9.3–13.2% (P < 0.001) and the amount of milk fat (6.6–14.1% (P < 0.001), with the highest genotype influence on the studied features indicated in the first lactation.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF HEREDITARY INFLUENCE OF HOLSTEIN BLOOD SHARE ON INDICATORS OF LONGEVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychyi ◽  
V. V. Vechorka
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

At the base of a breeding farm in Cherkassy region, with the modern highly mechanized technologies of milk production, five groups of cows – the crossbred genotypes of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed with a gradation of 12,5% blood share of Holstein (I – 37,5-50,0; II – 50,1-62,5; III – 62,6-75,0; IV – 75,1-87,5; V – 87,6-100,0) were studied. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of Holstein heredity on indicators of life expectancy, economic use and lifetime productivity of cows. The results of retrospective analysis proved significant effect of Holstein conditional heredity on indicators of life expectancy, economic use and lifetime productivity of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows of the experimental farm. The best among all five groups by indicators of life expectancy, economic use, number of lactations, lifetime milk yield and yield of milk fat, and milk yield for one day were the crossbred genotypes of the second group with conditional heredity of Holsteins 50,1-62,5 %. The advantage of the second group of animals with Holstein heredity from 50,1 to 62,5 % differed significantly in life expectancy and economic use exceeding other groups of animals by these traits by 451-1449 and 465-1472 days respectively with a significant difference at P<0,001, except their comparison with the first group. The animals of this group were used the longest in the herd, during five lactations and characterized by the highest coefficient of economic use and it is higher by 1,2-3,1 lactation and by 6,0-20,7 coefficient of economic use respectively, with degree of reliability at P<0,01-0,001 compared with all the groups of crossbred genotypes. For lifetime milk productivity advantage was also in favor of crossbred animals with Holstein heredity from 50,1 to 62,5%. If milk yields of crossbred genotypes of the first and third groups were less than the yield of animals of the second group only by 5571 and 5848 kg (P<0,05 and 0,01), then for high-blood genotypes of the fourth and fifth groups they were less by 11813 and 14021 kg at P<0,001 or in 1,7 and 2,0 times. In general, cows with the highest share of Holstein blood (87,6-100,0%), and this is genotype which will have a dominant distribution in the array of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed at least for one or maximum for two generations, with 305-day milk yield of first-calf heifers of 5677 kg and for one day of economic use 14,0 kg of milk exceeded other groups of crossbred genotypes with degree of reliability by 455-806 (P<0,001) and 0,8-2,5 (P<0,01-0,001) kg of milk respectively; it unconditionally testifies to positive influence of Holstein heredity on these traits. The best crossbred genotypes by indicators of life expectancy, economic use, number of lactations and lifetime productivity were with 50,1-62,5% share of Holstein blood in the herd of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cattle. Productivity of crossbred cows per lactation increased with growing share of Holstein blood, but indicators of longevity and lifetime productivity decreased significantly, especially at high-blood animals with heredity of improving breed higher than 75,1%.

scholarly journals Analysis of dairy productivity of cows of ukrainian brown dairy breed of different genotypes by kappa-casein

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
V. Ladyka ◽  
Y. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Molecular Biological Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Dairy Breed

In the herd of cattle of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed studies were conducted, the purpose of which was to study the influence of the genotype of cows by kappa-casein on the indicators of their milk productivity. Genotyping of 29 heads of cattle. Determination of the polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene was performed in the genetic laboratory of the Institute of Physiology n.a. Bogomolets of NAS using molecular biological analysis of allele recognition by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time. Allele A had a slightly higher frequency - 0.517 compared to allele B - 0.483 at the locus of the kappa-casein gene, although it was not significant. As a result, the proportions of AA and BB genotypes were high (38 and 34%, respectively). The performed genetic-statistical analysis revealed an excess in the kappa-casein locus of homozygous variants AA and BB and a lack of heterozygous AB. The degree of homozygosity, which is 50.1%, indicates a sufficient level of consolidation in the studied population of cattle. The number of effective active alleles in the kappa-casein locus of cows of the Ukrainian Brown Dairy breed is 1.99, with the maximum value of the level of polymorphism possible at a two-allele locus of 2. A negative heterozygosity test (HT) indicates a lower proportion of actual heterozygotes relative to the proportion of theoretical heterozygotes. The reason for the existing genetic structure of the herd of Ukrainian Brown Dairy breeds by the kappa-casein locus was the use of Swiss cattle breeders, most of which were not evaluated by the genotype of the kappa-casein gene. Studies of the level of milk productivity of cows of different genotypes by kappa-casein in the first lactation did not reveal a significant difference. At the same time, heterozygous (AB) animals were inferior to homozygous (AA and BB) in terms of milk yield, and animals with AA and AB genotypes were preferred in terms of quality. For the best lactation, a significant difference was found in the amount of milk yield and the amount of milk fat. Homozygous animals (AA and BB) significantly (p <0.05) outperformed heterozygous (AB) in milk yield, by 1091 and 922 kg, respectively. Animals with heterozygous AB genotype in terms of the average amount of milk fat were significantly inferior to homozygous AA and BB animals (p <0.05). The small number of experimental animals was one of the reasons for the discrepancy between the results of research and the data of other scientists. Key words: breed, milk yield, fat content, protein content, kappa casein, genotype, allele.

scholarly journals DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED COWS DEPENDING ON THE GENOTYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
O. V. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out according to the materials of pedigree records of 10 breeding farms for breeding Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cattle. Following the requirements of the Instruction on grading cattle of dairy and dairy-meat breeds, regarding the distribution of local animals by generations on the basis of the conditional share of blood by breeding breed, cows in these herds were divided into 5 groups with the corresponding conditional share of blood by Holstein breed: group I – 50.0–74.9%; ІІ – 75.0–87.4%; III – 87.5–93.7%; IV – 93.8–96.8%; V – 96.9% or more. It was found that in breeding herds among 1940 first-born cows the number of crossbreed animals of the I–III generation was 905 heads (46.6%), and the IV generation and older – 1035 heads (53.4%). During the first lactation, cows of the I group exceeded their peers of the II group by 386 kg (p < 0.05), III – by 159 kg, IV – by 332 kg, but were 114 kg inferior to individuals of the V group. The highest yield of cows for the first lactation – 5996 kg of milk, obtained in group V. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained from cows of group I – 225.5 kg, which is 3.2–20.2 kg (p < 0.01), more than peers of other studied groups. During the second lactation, the hopes of cows of groups II–IV did not increase in comparison with group I with the increase in their genotype of conditional blood by Holstein breed. Cows of the I group exceeded the expectations of the representatives of the II group by 277 kg, III – by 125 kg and IV – by 264 kg, but were 237 kg inferior to animals of the V group. The amount of milk fat during the second lactation did not depend on the conditional blood by the improving breed and was the highest in individuals of group I – 244.2 kg, respectively. During the third lactation, the largest amount of milk was obtained from cows of group V – 6654 kg. In turn, this lactation is also characterized by a decrease in milk yield in cows of groups II–IV compared to the first and V groups. It was determined that cows of group I produced 277 kg more milk than representatives of group II and 260 and 415 kg – III and IV groups, respectively. The obtained amount of milk fat did not correlate with the conditional blood of cows by the breeding breed. During the IV lactation, cows of the experimental groups produced from 5880 to 6879 kg of milk while maintaining the trend of uneven milk yield depending on the influence of conditional blood in their genotype of Holstein breed. It was found that cows of group I for 305 days of the fourth lactation produced 6173 kg of milk and outnumbered only representatives of group II (293 kg), but inferior to individuals of group III by 23 kg, IV – by 297 kg and V – by 706 kg. Group V cows were also characterized by the highest amount of milk fat in milk. It is established that only from V lactation a clear dependence of yield cows on conditional blood for the improving breed. Thus, cows of group I produced 301–1613 kg (p < 0.01) less milk per lactation than individuals of other groups, whose conditional blood content by Holstein breed was higher. A similar trend is set for the amount of milk fat. Dairy productivity of VI lactating cows, similarly to V, has a clear tendency to increase with increasing conditional blood of Holstein breed in their genotype. Cows of group I in terms of milk yield were inferior to representatives of group II by 1052 kg, III – by 1179 kg, IV – by 1395 and V – by 2257 kg (p < 0.05). The amount of milk fat was consistent with the amount of milk obtained. It was found that in local cows with a conditional share of blood for the improving breed at the level of 50.0–74.9% of hopes increased from I to III lactation. In cows with a conditional share of blood by Holstein breed in the range of 75.0–87.4% of hopes increased from I to III lactation, with a further decrease in productivity from IV to VI lactation. The amount of milk fat correlated with the milk yield per lactation in cows, a statistically significant difference was found only between the first and second lactations. Crossbreed cows of the III genotypic group, conditional blood according to Holsteins in which 87.5–93.7%, showed the highest milk productivity during the third lactation – 6286 kg. The largest amount of milk fat was obtained in the milk of animals of the third lactation – 239.4 kg. High-blooded cows of the IV genotype group differed significantly in milk productivity from the representatives of other groups. In cows of this group, milk yield increased from I to V lactation and decreased during VI lactation. The amount of milk fat depended on milk yield and increased in proportion to the amount of milk obtained during lactation. It is determined that the content of the most high-blooded Holstein cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed, the conditional share of blood which is 96.9% and above is the most economically advantageous for milk production, as they increase milk productivity from I to V lactation.

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