Karakteristik Zat Warna Antosianin (Adenanthera pavonina L) dari Kulit Biji Saga sebagai Pewarna Alami Menggunakan Metode Soxhletasi

In general, dyes that are used in daily life using synthetic dyes. One material that can be used for natural pigment are from saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L). Saga (Adenanthera pavonina L) is a tree that has small red seeds which is one source of anthocyanin which can be used as natural dyes, antioxidants and anticarcinogens. In this research aims to find the type of solvent and the best extraction time used for the extraction of anthocyanin from saga seeds. Extraction of anthocyanin from saga seeds used soxhletation method. The variables this research there are the type of solvent (5% citric acid 5% and citric acid 5% (w/v)) and the extraction time (30, 60, 120 minutes). The parameters used are qualitative and quantitative analysis (total yield, total anthocyanin concentration, antioxidant activity, intensity colour and lethal concentration of anthocyanin toxicity in extracts). The result observationaling show that the extraction from saga seeds that have best characteristics in aquadest-citric acid 5% solvent extract yield with extraction time 120 minutes 64.448% (w/w), total anthocyanin with extractions time 120 minutes 100.026 (mg/L), color intensity with extraction time 60 minutes 0.528, antioxidant activity (IC50) 11.622 ppm and toxicity activity with extraction time 60 minutes 63.326 ppm.

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Karakteristik Antosianin dari Kulit Buah Nipah (Nypa frutican) sebagai Pewarna Alami dengan Metode Soxhletasi

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v9i1.2831 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 26-33

Author(s):

Putri Herfayati ◽

Setiaty Pandia ◽

Halimatuddahliana Nasution

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Natural Pigment ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Extract Yield

Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that gives red colour on Nipah husk (Nypa fructican) extract. Extraction of anthocyanin compounds used the soxhletation method with independent variables were the type of solvent (aquadest and ethanol with citric acid 3% (w/v)) and extraction time (30, 45 and 60 minutes). This study aims to determine the best type of solvent and extraction time used for extraction of anthocyanin from Nipah husk. The parameters in this study include qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthocyanin (extract yield, total anthocyanin concentration, color intensity, antioxidant activity and analysis of toxicity) from Nipah husk extract. The results qualitatively and quantitatively indicate that Nipah husk extract had anthocyanin content with the highest extract yield was obtained using ethanol-citric acid 3% solvent at 60 minutes extraction time of 0.546 gram / gram. The highest total anthocyanin was obtained using ethanol-citric acid 3% solvent at 30 minutes extraction time of 226.36 mg / L. The highest color intensity was obtained using ethanol-citric acid 3% solvent at 30 minutes extraction time of 0.925. The strongest antioxidant activity (IC50) was obtained using 3% aquadest-citric acid solvent at 30 minutes extraction time of 3.569 ppm. The strongest toxicity activity (LC50) in ethanol-citric acid 3% solvent was 80.023 ppm.

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EKSTRAKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTOSIANIN DARI JANTUNG PISANG RAJA (Musa x paradisica L.) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v9i2.284 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jessica Alvionita ◽

Djaswir Darwis ◽

Mai Efdi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Extract ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Natural Colorant ◽

Ethanol Acetic Acid ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Two Peaks

Anthocyanin coumpound have been successfully extracted from plantain bud (Musa x paradisiaca L) which can used as natural colorant and antioxidant. Coumpound anthocyanin exracted using maceration method with solvent ethanol that has been acidified with acetic acid and citric acid until pH 1,5. The extract anthocyanin is identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer (260-800 nm) and retrieved two peaks that is 277 nm (UV) and 533 nm (Visible). Further treatment is carried out with KCKT-DAD at a wavelength 516 nm. Anthocyanin treatment given temperature and pH. Total anthocyanin monomeric obtained for ethanol + acetic acid was 30,22 mg/L; ethanol + citric acid was 18,20 mg/L. The warming influence of the anthocyanin compound lead to degradation of color is highest for ethanol + acetic citric on temperature 100oC with percentage degradation of 61,97 %. The antioxidant activity of the extract was measured by 1,1- difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) the result showed that the anthocyanin extracts from Plantain bud has antioxidant activity ethanol + acetic citric acid extract is very active as an antioxidant with IC50 values of 3,74 mg/L.

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Ekstraksi Antosianin dari Buah Senggani (Melastoma polyanthum BI.) dengan Variasi Rasio Bahan dengan Pelarut dan Konsentrasi Asam Sitrat

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v3i4.5471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 835-839

Author(s):

Trysia Zulfina ◽

Novi Safriani ◽

Nida El Husna

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Block Design ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Colour Intensity ◽

Citric Acid Concentration ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors

Abstrak. Senggani (Melastoma polyanthum BI.) adalah tanaman hias yang tumbuh pada lahan semak dan memiliki buah dengan ukuran kecil yang berwarna ungu atau merah muda. Warna ungu pekat pada buah senggani berasal dari kandungan senyawa antosianin yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai sumber zat warna alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan rasio bahan dengan pelarut dan konsentasi asam sitrat terhadap intensitas warna dari ekstrak buah senggani. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) faktor. Faktor pertama adalah rasio bahan dengan pelarut (P) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: P1=1:5, P2=1:10, P3=1:15, P4=1:20. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi asam sitrat (A) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu: A1=0,4%, A2=20%. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa Rasio bahan : pelarut berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, derajat keasaman (pH), intensitas warna ekstrak buah senggani. Konsentrasi asam sitrat berpengaruh sangat nyata (P≤0,01) terhadap total antosianin, aktivitas antioksidan, intensitas warna. Berdasarkan hasil analisis intensitas warna ekstrak buah senggani, perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada kombinasi perlakuan antara rasio bahan : pelarut 1:5 dan konsentrasi asam sitrat 20% (P1A2) dengan karakteristik ekstrak memiliki intensitas warna 0,57. Abstract. Senggani (Melastoma Polyanthum BI.) is an ornamental plant that grows on a bushland and has a fruit with a small size that is purple or pink. The colour of the fruit comes from anthocyanin compound that is potential to be used as a source of natural dyes. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ratio between material and solvent and the concentration of citric acid on the color intensity of the senggani fruit extract. Randomized Block Design (RAK) of factorial pattern consisting of 2 (two) factors was used. The first factor was the ratio between material and the solvent (P) consisted of 4 levels: P1 = 1: 5, P2 = 1: 10, P3 = 1: 15, P4 = 1: 20. The second factor was the concentration of citric acid (A) consisted of 2 levels: A1 = 0.4%, A2 = 20%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 24 units of experiment. The results showed that the ratio between material and solvent has an effect (P≤0.01) on the antioxidant activity, the degree of acidity (pH), the intensity of the extract color of the fruit of senggani. Citric acid concentration was highly significant (P≤0.01) to total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and colour intensity. Based on the analysis of the intensity of the extract color of the senggani fruit, the best treatment was obtained from the combination between the ratio of the ingredient: solvent 1: 5 solvent and 20% citric acid concentration (P1A2) where the extract has the color intensity of 0.57.Keywords: Senggani, Melastoma polyanthum BI., colour intensity, citric acid.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Process on Antioxidant Activity of Honje Fruit Extract (Etlingera elatior) Using Surface Response Method

Jurnal Kimia VALENSI ◽

10.15408/jkv.v7i2.21396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 118-128

Author(s):

Artta Gracia Malau ◽

Asri Widyasanti ◽

Selly Harnesa Putri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Yield ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Surface Response Method ◽

Response Method ◽

Etlingera Elatior

Honje fruit (Etlingera elatior) contains bioactive compounds as antioxidants. An antioxidant can be obtained by extraction. This research aimed to determine the best combination of solvent amount and extraction time to produce the optimal yield and antioxidant activity. The extraction method was UAE (Ultrasound Assisted Extraction) using ethanol 96% solvent amount 125 mL to 250 mL and time level of 30 to 60 minutes. The RSM (Response Surface Methodology) in the Design Expert 11 application was used to arrange the extraction combination treatment, which resulted in 13 runs. Parameters analyzed were total yield, antioxidant activity, pH, specific gravity, and color. The results showed that total yield was revealed quadratic, Y1 = 19.05 – 1.76A + 0.32B – 0.002AB + 0.023A2 – 0.0005B2 and the antioxidant activity was revealed linear, Y2 = 408.147 – 6.424A + 0.326B. The optimum treatment was achieved in the amount of solvent 174.815 ml and extraction time of 60 minutes resulted in a total yield of 17.125% and antioxidant activity of 77.55 ppm that could be classified as strong.

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT BAWANG MERAH SEBAGAI KANDIDAT INGRIDIEN MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL ANTIOKSIDAN

Jurnal Perkotaan ◽

10.25170/perkotaan.v12i1.1230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Rianita Pramitasari ◽

Lidwina Krisna Chrysanti

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Water Activity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Physical Test ◽

Before And After

Shallot is widely used in culinary purpose. However, the use of shallot produces a lot of waste. Shallot skin contains anthocyanin, which has antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate different solvents and extraction times for anthocyanin extraction from shallot skin, to evaluate different drying methods, and to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the anthocyanin powder. Chemical tests were conducted before and after drying, including total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity using DPPH, total phenolic, and total flavonoid content. Physical tests were undertaken only after drying, including moisture content, water activity, viscosity, solubility, and colour. Extraction with citric acid solvent in 72h extract resulted in the highest total anthocyanin than water and acetic acid solvent. After drying, the highest total anthocyanin was obtained from foam mat drying method, which extracted using citric acid solvent. While antioxidant activity was not significantly differenced among samples. Physical test for the powders showed low moisture content and water activity, red colour index, as well as suitable viscosity and solubility results. In conclusion, anthocyanin powder from shallot skin has a potent as a functional antioxidant ingredient that can be applied in beverage products.

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Qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment of anthocyanins in Tibetan hulless barley from different geographical locations by UPLC-QTOF-MS and their antioxidant capacities

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tangwei Zhang ◽

Jialin Ma ◽

Xuelian Wu ◽

Zhihua Hao ◽

Ci Dun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Hulless Barley ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Antioxidant Capacities ◽

Tibetan Hulless Barley ◽

Geographical Locations

Abstract Tibetan hulless barley (“qingke” in Chinese) is a valuable food in Tibet. Purple qingke (PQK) and black qingke (BQK), two special pigmented types of hulless barley, have traditionally been widely cultivated and consumed in Tibet for thousands of years. The composition and contents of anthocyanins of two cultivars are unknown. This study aimed to explore the composition and contents of anthocyanins of two cultivars and their antioxidant capacities. Six anthocyanins were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry from barley, most of the anthocyanins were acylated by malonyl group. The total anthocyanin contents ranged from 141 to 2,304 μg/g in PQK and from 248.7 to 2902.9 μg/g in BQK. Furthermore, qingke has strong antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS˙+, and FRAP. Qingke may be useful for treating or preventing diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals.

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Optimization of Betalain Pigments Extraction Using Beetroot by-Products as a Valuable Source

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions6030050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Silvia Lazăr (Mistrianu) ◽

Oana Emilia Constantin ◽

Nicoleta Stănciuc ◽

Iuliana Aprodu ◽

Constantin Croitoru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Citric Acid Concentration ◽

Operating Variables ◽

Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽

Optimized Conditions

(1) Background: This study is designed to extract the bioactive compounds from beetroot peel for future use in the food industry. (2) Methods: Spectrophotometry techniques analyzed the effect of conventional solvent extraction on betalains and polyphenolic compounds from beetroot peels. Several treatments by varying for factors (ethanol and citric acid concentration, temperature, and time) were applied to the beetroot peel samples. A Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to investigate the effect of the extraction parameters on the extraction steps and optimize the betalains and total polyphenols extraction from beetroot. A quadratic model was suggested for all the parameters analyzed and used. (3) Results: The maximum and minimum variables investigated in the experimental plan in the coded form are citric acid concentration (0.10–1.5%), ethanol concentration (10–50%), operating temperature (20–60 °C), and extraction time (15–50 min). The experimental design revealed variation in betalain content ranging from 0.29 to 1.44 mg/g DW, and the yield of polyphenolic varied from 1.64 to 2.74 mg/g DW. The optimized conditions for the maximum recovery of betalains and phenols were citric acid concentration 1.5%, ethanol concentration 50%, temperature 52.52 °C, and extraction time 49.9 min. (4) Conclusions: Overall, it can be noted that the extraction process can be improved by adjusting operating variables in order to maximize the model responses.

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The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7060140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Avela Sogoni ◽

Muhali Jimoh ◽

Learnmore Kambizi ◽

Charles Laubscher

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Crop Production ◽

Saline Water ◽

Total Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

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Antiproliferative Activity on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells and In Vitro Antioxidant Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Peels of Species of the Myrtaceae Family

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030564 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 564

Author(s):

Nayara Simas Frauches ◽

Júlia Montenegro ◽

Thuane Amaral ◽

Joel Pimentel Abreu ◽

Gabriela Laiber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽

Human Colon ◽

Native Plant ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽

Human Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽

Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells

There is a significant indication of the beneficial health effects of fruit rich diets. Fruits of native plant species have noticeably different phytochemicals and bioactive effects. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the constituents of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba, MJ), jamun-berry (Syzygium cumini, SC), and malay-apple (Syzygium malaccense, SM) extracts and their influence on antioxidant activity in vitro and antiproliferative effects on human colon adenocarcinoma cells. According to the results, dried peel powders (DP) have a high anthocyanin content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity when compared to freeze dried extracts (FD). M. jaboticaba dried peel powder extract had a higher total anthocyanin and phenolic compounds content (802.90 ± 1.93 and 2152.92 ± 43.95 mg/100 g, respectively). A reduction in cell viability of HT-29 cells after treatment with M. jaboticaba extracts (DP-MJ and FD-MJ) was observed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry showed that the treatment with the anthocyanin-rich extracts from MJ, SC, and SM had an inhibitory impact on cell development due to G2/M arrest and caused a rise in apoptotic cells in relation to the control group. The findings of this study highlight the potential of peel powders from Myrtaceae fruits as an important source of natural antioxidants and a protective effect against colon adenocarcinoma.

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Comparative study of not from concentrate and reconstituted from concentrate of pomegranate juices on nutritional and sensory profile

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/10820132211003707 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108201322110037

Author(s):

G Brunda ◽

Urs Kavyashree ◽

Shilpa S Shetty ◽

Kirti Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Essential Elements ◽

Iron Bioavailability ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Pomegranate Juice ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Hepg2 Cell Lines

Pomegranate juice is popular due to its unique health benefits, sensory characteristics and also a good source of bioactive compounds. Comparative study on processing effect of Not from Concentrate (NFC) and Reconstituted from concentrate (RFC) pomegranate juice on the nutritional and sensory characteristics of ‘Ganesh’ variant was conducted. Results showed that not much differences observed in parameters like pH, acidity, essential elements, protein, total sugars and polyphenol content between NFC and RFC. As per the study NFC had a better antioxidant activity with intracellular ROS inhibition of 11% higher with significant ( p < 0.05) than RFC in HepG2 cell lines. Total anthocyanin content was significantly different ( p < 0.05) in NFC (428.05 mg/l) compared to 326.74 mg/l in RFC expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside. Iron uptake was 40 units (µg/mg protein) higher in NFC than RFC ( p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells. Sensory flavor profile showed NFC having significant differences with respect to characteristic pomegranate freshness, fruitiness, sweetness and astringency mouthfeel. RFC had higher sweetish and cooked flavor with additional vegetable like notes of beet and carrot. Based on the data better antioxidant activity, iron bioavailability, anthocyanin content and sensory attributes were captured in pomegranate NFC juices over RFC juices.

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