scholarly journals Características sociodemográficas y perfil de consumo de tabaco y drogas en estudiantes de dos universidades de México

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Hoil ◽  
María Guadalupe Andueza-Pech ◽  
Andrés Martín Santana-Carvaja ◽  
Jolly Josefina Hoil-Santos ◽  
Julio CuFarfán-López
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
La Red

Introduction: Tobacco consumption is the leading cause of premature preventable death and disease worldwide, as well the drug use and abuse is a serious public health problem and health care high costs. The tobacco and drugs consumption is addressed from the epidemiologic and public health point of view, also the socio-demographic factors influencing addiction to them. Objetive: Describe the sociodemographic and tobacco and drugs consumption characteristics among college students from Yucatan and Coahuila Materials and methods: Cross sectional survey that included 412 college students from Yucatan and 344 from Coahuila. Descriptive statistics were used for the numeric variables, frequencies for the qualitative, inferential statistics for the similarities and differences.Results: The mean of the age was higher for Yucatan students and men predominated, the mean of the tobacco consumers within people from their social network was higher for Coahuila being the differences statistically significant p<0.05, not so for the people from their network regarding to drugs consumption. Conclusions: The tobacco consumption in both states was higher than expected for the region, the active female smokers were above the national mean, the two states were above the national mean regarding to drugs use and Coahuila above the world mean. Joint work is proposed to evaluate the advertising spots broadcast in the media and avoid its incorporation to the market as consumer goods. Introducción. El consumo de tabaco es la primera causa prevenible de muerte prematura y enfermedad en todo el mundo; asimismo el uso y abuso de drogas constituye un grave problema de salud pública y de altos costos de atención a la salud. Se aborda el consumo de tabaco y drogas, desde el punto de vista epidemiológico y en materia de salud pública, así como los factores sociodemográficos que influyen en la adicción a ellos.Objetivo. Describir las características socio-demográficas y de consumo de tabaco y droga en estudiantes universitarios de Yucatán y Coahuila.Material y métodos. Encuesta transversal que incluyó 412 universitarios de Yucatán y 344 de Coahuila. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para las variables numéricas y frecuencias para las cualitativas, estadística inferencial para las coincidencias y diferencias.Resultados. La media de edad fue mayor para los estudiantes de Yucatán así como predominio de los hombres, la media de consumidores de tabaco dentro de las personas de su red fue mayor para Coahuila siendo las diferencias estadísticamente significativas p<0.05, no así para las personas de la red respecto al consumo de drogas.Conclusiones. El consumo de tabaco en ambos estados fue mayor al esperado para su región, las fumadoras activas estuvieron por encima del promedio nacional, los dos estados se ubicaron arriba del promedio nacional respecto a consumo de drogas y Coahuila por encima del promedio mundial. Se propone un trabajo conjunto para evaluar los spots publicitarios transmitidos en los medios de comunicación y evitar su incorporación al mercado como bienes de consumo.

Prevalence of Podoconiosis (Endemic Non-Filarial Elephantiasis) in Wolaitta, Southern Ethiopia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelemu Destas ◽  
Meskele Ashine ◽  
Gail Davey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

The survey was undertaken to establish the point prevalence of overt podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis) in Wolaitta zone, Southern Ethiopia, and also to determine whether age- or sex-related prevalence differences exist. A cross-sectional survey was performed during May—September 2001 among 33 678 residents of 4210 households randomly selected from all seven woredas (administrative districts) of Wolaitta zone. Trained data collectors administered a simple questionnaire and examined household residents for signs of podoconiosis. Of the residents 1890 had overt signs of podoconiosis. The mean zonal prevalence weighted for the woreda size was 5.46%. Most of cases (64%) occurred in the economically productive age groups (16–45 years). The male:female ratio was 1:0.98, reflecting the gender ratio of the zone. Podoconiosis is an important chronic public health problem affecting both men and women in areas of irritant soil. Further research is necessary to establish the economic effects of the condition.

scholarly journals Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Guéladio Cissé ◽  
Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽  
Aminata Niang-Diène ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Scaling-up Community Self-reporting Rate for COVID-19: Implication for Assessing the Perceived Stigmatization of COVID-19 Survivors Among Residents of Agege Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyan Akintunde Babatunde ◽  
Owoicho Samuel Amifofun ◽  
Sunday Thomas Sola ◽  
Abayomi Akande ◽  
Mathias Besong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Basic Facts

Abstract Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging public health problem with over two million confirmed infections globally. Previous studies show that stigma impede the response activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the perceived stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors among residents of Agege local government, Lagos State, Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 333 consenting residents recruited from Agege local government using multi-stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on perceived stigmatization. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using Chi-square and logistic regression respectively.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35.7 ± 13.6 years. The proportion of respondents with poor knowledge was 50.5% and awareness for COVID-19 was 95.2%. Television and radio were the two major sources of awareness for COVID-19. Higher likelihood of perceived stigmatization was found among those aged 25 – 49 years (aOR= 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4 – 6.7), ≥ 50 years (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1 – 3.9) and married respondents (aOR= 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 – 2.9). To reduce the effect of stigmatization, we recommend a holistic response plan designed with basic facts about COVID-19 using programmes targeting married respondents as well as the adults.

Survey of knowledge, attitude and behavior of homosexual seminar's audiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 510-510
Author(s):  
A. Andri
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Homosexual Behavior ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Behavior

ObjectiveTo know about knowledge, act and behavior of homosexual seminar audience about homosexual behavior.MethodThis was a cross sectional survey. Participants were chosen by purposive sampling method. Survey was conducted using list of questionnaires which was made according to references used in the seminar presentation.ResultOne hundred and sixty five participants conducted the survey. There were 77 males (46.7%) and 88 females (53.3%). The mean of age of the participants was 21.22 (SD 3.7). Most of the participants were college students (147 students, 89.1%) and never married before (96.4%). Sixty six participants (40%) said that homosexual behavior was induced by environmental situation, fifty eight participants (35.2%) said that it was a biological factor and rest of them did not answer the question. One hundred and four (63%) participants said that homosexual behavior could be cured, twenty four of participants (16.4%) said it could not be cured and the rest of them said did not have any idea. More than half of participants (87 participants, 52.7%) said that homosexual behavior was a mental disorder and most of the participants (87 participants, 79.4%) said that homosexual behavior need to be cured. Most of the participants said that they felt fine if they meet and talked with homosexual man or woman, nineteen participants felt afraid, ten participants felt disgust and twenty five participants felt pity on them.ConclusionMost of the participants considered homosexual behavior as mental disorder and need to be cured.

scholarly journals Epidemic diffusion of KPC carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Italy: results of the first countrywide survey, 15 May to 30 June 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Giani ◽  
B Pini ◽  
F Arena ◽  
V Conte ◽  
S Bracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Species Proportion ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are emerging as a public health problem in various settings. In Italy, a rapid and remarkable increase of carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported since 2010. Here we report on the results of a countrywide cross-sectional survey, carried out from 15 May to 30June 2011 to investigate the diffusion of CRE in Italy and to characterise the most prevalent resistance mechanisms and their dissemination patterns. CRE were reported from most (23 of 25) participating laboratories, with an overall proportion of 3.5% and 0.3% among consecutive non-duplicate clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from inpatients (n=7,154) and outpatients (n=6,595), respectively. K. pneumoniae was the most frequent species (proportion of carbapenem-non-susceptible isolates: 11.9%), while a minority of CRE of other species were detected. Carbapenemase production was detected in the majority (85%) of CRE. KPC-type enzymes were by far the most common (89.5% of carbapenemase producers), followed by VIM-1 (9.2%) and OXA-48 (1.3%). KPC-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP) were detected in most centres and contributed majorly to the epidemic dissemination of CRE recently observed in our country. Dissemination of KPC-KP was mostly sustained by strains of clonal complex 258 (ST-258 producing KPC-2 or KPC-3, and ST-512 producing KPC-3), while a minority belonged to ST-101.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3372
Author(s):  
Avi Singh ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Pratibha Gupta ◽  
Mrinal R. Srivastava ◽  
Mrinal R. Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Related

Background: Alcohol and tobacco consumption is now considered a serious public health problem. Together, both alcohol and tobacco abuse can cause substantial health related morbidity and mortality. This study was done to assess the patter of tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. The objective of the study was to assess the pattern of tobacco and alcohol abuse among medical college students of Lucknow district.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was carried out among 116 first year MBBS students of Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. The questionnaire was based on outlines of GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) & Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH).Results: 61.29% males and 8.24% females abused both tobacco and alcohol. Of all the tobacco users, 70.97% males and 15.29% females consumed cigarettes. In case of alcohol consumption, 80.65% males and 35.29% of females consumed some form of alcohol. Overall 43% of respondents abused alcohol and tobacco to relieve stress. Attempt to quit alcohol and tobacco was at 44.6% overall.Conclusions: This study has shown that alcohol and tobacco are major substances being abused by young medical graduates, in spite of universal knowledge that they are source of major non communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Jomaa ◽  
Farah Naja ◽  
Samer Kharroubi ◽  
Nahla Hwalla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Households With Children

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Sociodemographic Profile of Brazilian People during COVID-19 Outbreak: An Online and Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo L. Vancini ◽  
Luiz Camargo-Neto ◽  
Claudio A. B. de Lira ◽  
Marília S. Andrade ◽  
Ricardo B. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created an unprecedented impact on global health and further aggravated the physical inactivity pandemic. For this reason, the understanding of sociodemographic variables in the context of physical activity levels are important for the field of public health in order to assist in relevant public health decisions. Our main aim was to characterize sociodemographic variables and physical activity levels and their association with COVID-19 aspects. We applied an online Google survey with closed questions in Brazilian people of different age and regions, both sexes and physical activity levels (n = 1.726). Our main results were that participants who had symptoms of COVID-19 had the highest percentage of level 1 of physical activity (the lowest level according to the classification used) and those who showed no symptoms had the highest percentage of levels 2 and 3 of physical activity; that is, close to the light/moderate levels of physical activity. This cross-sectional study in the Brazilian population provided important sociodemographic data and COVID-19 aspects regarding the level of physical activity. It is possible to assume that the regular practice of physical activity could positively impact health status and quality of life and be a tool in the field of public health to cope (from a physical and mental point of view) with disease scenarios that require quarantine.

scholarly journals Labor and Related Injuries among Schoolchildren in Palestine: Findings from the National Study of Palestinian Schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2006)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jildeh ◽  
Ziad Abdeen ◽  
Haleama Al Sabbah ◽  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Ibrahim Ghannam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
National Study ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Background. Labor related injuries among Palestinian schoolchildren are a significant undocumented public health concern. This study aimed at documenting the prevalence and nature of work related injuries among schoolchildren as well as identifying sociodemographic factors that predict these injuries. Methods. A cross-sectional survey included 15,963 children of whom 6458 (40.8%) completed an optional package related to labor. Students aged 12–18 years self-completed the international WHO collaborative HBSC valid questionnaires between April and May of 2006. Results. Approximately 73.8% of the students who filled the optional package reported working during the last 12 months, of whom 79.1% sustained a work related injury. Work injuries were significantly higher among boys, younger children, and children enrolled in UNRWA schools and living in Gaza Strip P<0.05. Children working ≥3 hours/day were more likely to experience injuries, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.53–1.95), than those working ≤3/day. About half of the children worked in retail trade (51.5%), agriculture (20.0%), and cleaning (11.4%). Injury type was related to the type of work performed. Conclusions. The high prevalence of injuries among working Palestinian schoolchildren confirms its severity as a public health problem. To reduce occupational injuries, policymakers and professionals should develop intervention programs that target the public and health providers.

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