Endogeno, psicogeno e organico: analisi storica e filosofica di una distinzione classica della psichiatria continentale

2009 ◽  
pp. 343-364
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Aragona
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Words Psychopathology

- The classical psychopathological distinction of endogenous, organic and psychogenic conditions is historically considered. In a first phase it was difficult to deal with the fundamental problem of causality. The following "ontological" phase (Tellenbach) tried to solve previous problems by means of a "positive" definition of the Endon, based on Heidegger's ideas on human existence being thrown into the world (Geworfenheit). Being non-testable, it was not followed by scientific psychiatry. Finally, the phenomenal approach tried to overcome previous limits by means of a purely descriptive approach, based on the formal description of psychopathological phenomena disclosed in any of the three conditions considered. Nevertheless, it did not succeed completely because it reintroduced a less evident but still significant form of causality. On the basis of this analysis, the main elements that new ideas on this subject should consider are discussed.KEY WORDS: psychopathology, phenomenology, philosophy, epistemology, history of psychiatry

scholarly journals Lingvo-Pedagogical Understanding of the Concepts of “Discourse Competence” and “Patriotic Discourse”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Discourse Competence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Liberal Culture

The article attempts to comprehend the essence and possibility of forming discourse competence among foreign and Russian students with simultaneous immersion in patriotic discourse. It is highlighted that the addition of the humanitarian series of “History of Civilizations” and “Features of Russian Civilization” to the educational process at the university creates the necessary pedagogical conditions for organizing a special linguo-ethno-cultural environment that forms active social interaction of authors within the framework of the medical and patriotic linguistic scenario. The authors of the article conducted a semantic and historical analysis of interpretations of the concept of “patriotism” that were studied from the point of view of traditional and liberal culture. The article presents the results of a socio-pedagogical study of students' perceptions of this concept. The article describes various theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the concepts of “discourse” and “discursive picture of the world” as well as psycholinguistic features of the method of semantic differential. Special attention in the article is paid to the typologies of discourse presented in the scientific literature. The authors of the article present the principle of genre and the principle of thematic correlation as the basis for distinguishing between types of discourse and highlight differences in language and discursive pictures of the world. The tasks of educators is to form not only purely medical discursive competence, but also to immerse the listener in “correctly” interpreted picture, saturated with verbal patterns that allow to create statements of patriotic content.

Opportunities to use historical comments in teaching morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Tərlan Əliş qızı Əliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rich History

Our language reflects the historical memory, traditions, ethnic and moral views of our people and so on. it is our invaluable spiritual wealth that always lives in us. One of the main tasks of the Azerbaijani language is to educate the young generation in the spirit of love for our national and spiritual resources, ancient history, loyalty to our people and, most importantly, knowledge of the subtleties of the language, using these inexhaustible opportunities. When using historical comments as a tool in the process of teaching the morphology of the Azerbaijani language in the acquisition of grammatical forms regulated by a number of intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic events that are difficult to comprehend, students gain more information about the morphological structure of our language. The use of historical comments in Azerbaijani language lessons should be done systematically. The advantages of referring to its ancient and rich history in the study of the modern state of language are reflected in the correct definition of the morphological structure of the language. We can even point out the importance of commenting on the history of writing in the teaching of the alphabet. In the process of teaching morphology, we can note the importance of commentary in the deep mastery of individual speech senses. The study of morphological features of the Azerbaijani language is based on the principle of history. Because the goal is to instill in today's young generation some information about the history of our language. Key words: Azerbaijani language, morphology, history, modern state of language, derivations, word creation, suffixes, historical commentary

Curatorial Expeditions: The Ramallah Safari

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Sherwell
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Stuart Hall ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The last twenty-five years have witnessed significant transformation in the geopolitics of Palestinian art.[2] From the outset, we need to consider a definition of Palestinian art by recognizing that it is not art that is specifically created in one place, but that, owing to the history of dispossession and diaspora, Palestinian artists can be found all over the world. Therefore, Palestinian art necessarily starts from multiple sites of enunciation and is inevitably influenced by site and location. As Stuart Hall suggests, “identities are the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, position ourselves within, the narratives of the past.”[3] For the purposes of this paper, I will mainly be focusing on the art of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories, while touching on the production of artists based in various other locations around the globe. I will first provide some context to the development of art practices, before specifically going on to speak about curatorial practices in relation to how the work of Palestinian artists is curated by international curators.

Foucault’s Folie et déraison: its influence and its contemporary relevance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Andrew Scull
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
First Century ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Impact

Michel Foucault remains one of the most influential intellectuals in the early twenty-first century world. This paper examines the origins and impact of his first major work, Folie et déraison, on the history of psychiatry, particularly though not exclusively in the world of Anglo-American scholarship. The impact and limits of Foucault’s work on the author’s own contributions to the history of psychiatry are examined, as is the larger influence of Madness and Civilization (as it is known to most Anglophones) on the nascent social history of psychiatry. The paper concludes with an assessment of the sources of the appeal of Foucault’s work among some scholars, and notes his declining influence on contemporary scholars working on the history of psychiatry.

scholarly journals تاريخ انتشار الإسلام في منطقة بنجكولو جزيرة سومطرة، إندونيسيا

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Yenni Patriani
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Cultural Relics

This paper is about the history of the spread of Islam in Bengkulu region, Indonesia. Sumatra is the sixth islands of the world and the third islands of Indonesia in size after Borneo and Papua. Bengkulu is located in the south of Sumatra. The Arab civilization and cultural relics in Indonesia were numerous, especially in the Bengkulu region of Sumatra. These effects were in fact derived from the power of the Islamic religion. One of the objectives of this research is to highlight the efforts of Arab and Indonesian scholars in spreading Islam in the Bengkulu region, and to clarify the history of Bengkulu before the introduction of Islam, which began with the entry of the monastic buddies during the era of King Ajay Brinah Sikalawi Libung. These are the following questions: How was the life of the people of Bengkulu before the introduction of Islam? What are the Arab cultural and cultural monuments in Bengkulu? To answer these questions, we relied on the descriptive approach.

scholarly journals On the Development of Palinurus vulgaris, the Rock Lobster or Sea Crayfish

1891 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Extremity ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comparative Embryology

1. Historical Review.The history of our knowledge of this subject is complicated and curious, and is not quite correctly narrated in any English publication, not even by Balfour in his account of the development of Crustacea (Comparative Embryology, vol. i). The story begins with the establishment and definition of the genus Phyllosoma by Leach in 1818. Various succeeding zoologists included descriptions of species of Phyllosoma in their works, but the result of all previous investigations are included by Milne Edwards in the comprehensive account of the genus given in his Hist. Nat. des Crustacés, vol. ii, 1837. The state of knowledge at that time may be briefly summarised as follows:—The Crustaceans known by the name Phyllosoma had been found near the surface of the ocean in various parts of the world. They varied in size from less than half an inch to two inches. They were, when alive, of glassy transparency; the body was remarkably flat, and expanded horizontally, while the limbs were long, slender, and biramous. The body consisted of three parts; firstly, a head having the form of an oval leaf, bearing at its anterior extremity a pair of eyes on long stalks and two pairs of simple antennæ. The mouth was situated beneath the middle or posterior third of the head, and surrounded by an upper and lower lip, a pair of maxillæ, and the first pair of maxillæ. The second pair of maxillæ and the first pair of maxillipeds were rudimentary and situated behind the mouth. The second part of the body was the thorax, quite as flat but not so large as the head; it was usually broader than long.

From Russian Icaria to Russian Cosmism

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Girenok
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Universe

In the article the author analyzes the phenomenon of Russian cosmism and shows its difference from other possible varieties of cosmism. The author understands Russian cosmism as the idea of extending the definition of the universe by the human beings. A human being doesn’t simply have his place in history, on the Earth and in space, but also broadens it by means of his material and spiritual actions. The idea of the world broadening was popular among Russian naturalists in the 19th and the 20th centuries. The most prominent figures among the Russian cosmism followers were N.F. Fedorov and K. E. Tsiolkovsky. The author distinguishes three directions in the history of Russian cosmism – religious, natural-scientific and artistic-poetical. According to the author, only after Gagarin’s space flight the idea of Russian Icaria transferred itself into Russian cosmism. The article studies the sources of Russian cosmism and explains the meaning of anthropocosmism. The author arrives at the conclusion that Russian cosmism offers its own approach to solving modern global problems that differs from the ideas in the reports to the Roman club.

Speak of the Devil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Laycock
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
The United States ◽  
After School ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Politically Active

Since it was founded in 2013, The Satanic Temple has spread across the United States and throughout the world. Unlike other forms of Satanism, The Satanic Temple is highly politically active. It has invoked religious freedom to campaign for easier access to abortion, exemption from laws that allow administering corporal punishment to students, and implementing Satanic after-school clubs in elementary schools. While this group remains highly controversial, it is poorly understood. This book provides a detailed history of The Satanic Temple’s history, beliefs, and culture as well as the numerous political and legal battles this group has undertaken. The author suggests that the lasting impact of The Satanic Temple is the way their campaigns have affected national conversations about such topics as the definition of religion, religious freedom, and religious tolerance.

Modernism and Interpretation

1999 ◽  
pp. 205-236
Author(s):  
Louis Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas

This chapter connects theological approach to the historical critical one by considering three significant Jewish themes: the purpose of creation, “enjoyment of life”, and the doctrine of imitatio dei. It examines the history of the three themes in Jewish thought with a view to showing how precarious is the position of moderns, to be so convinced both that their new ideas are valuable and that the sources they anticipated become guilty of anachronism in their interpretations. The chapter also discusses Sa'adya Gaon's topic on “creation” in his Sefer ha'emunot vehade'ot as response to those who wonder the purpose God's creation of all creatures. Sa'adya suggests that God, being God, does not, like a human being, need a motive for what He does and may not have had any motive in creating the world. He seems to be saying that arbitrary acts are possible for God.

Spirituality of Society and Spiritual Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Morozov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Spirituality

The article examines the history of the formation of spirituality in the East and West and examines modern problems of spirituality in society. The compatibility of the values of the West and the East is studied and the composition of the key laws and principles of the main religions of the world in the life of society is integrated. The combination of secular and religious spirituality is studied. The basics and provisions of labor ethics in the countries of the East and West are considered, and the attitude of the main religions to labor, wealth, property, and the economy is compiled. The definition of spiritual economy is proposed, and evaluation criteria are given, as well as an introductory composition of its characteristics is formed.

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