scholarly journals Analysis of the productive and immune response of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and fed with saccharin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto González-Garduño ◽  
Luis Matias Silva-Torres ◽  
Glafiro Torres-Hernández ◽  
María Eugenia López-Arellano ◽  
Ever del Jesus Flores-Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Objective: Determine the productive and immune response of Blackbelly lambs infectedwith gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and fed with saccharin.Design/ methodology/ approach: A total of 18 Blackbelly lambs, with an initial live weight (LW) of 13.9 + 3.2 kg, were randomly assigned to three different treatments (T): T1, anthelmintic treatment + basal diet (CTah); T2, basal diet without anthelmintic treatment (STah); and T3, grazing lambs without anthelmintic treatment (STPS). This experiment followed a completely randomized design with repeated measures over time; mean values were compared using Lsmeans. The parameters evaluated included live weight (LW), fecal egg count per gram (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV), plasma protein (PP), white blood celldifferential count (LEU), and IgA concentration by ELISA with Haemonchus contortusand Trichostrongylus colubriformis antigens.Results: STah and CTah lambs showed higher FEC (885 ± 142) and LW (29.73 ± 5.06kg). Grazing lambs (STPS) had lower PCV (26.4 ± 0.5%) compared to the STah andCTah lambs (27.4 to 28.4%) due to the high prevalence of H. contortus. The IgAconcentration in grazing lambs ranged from 20.2 to 24.5% of the positive standardserum titer. The feedlot lambs (STah and CTah) showed values close to 5%.Study limitations/ implications: Due to anthelmintic resistance problems, it wasimpossible to maintain grazing lambs free of infection; therefore, this group was notincluded.Findings/ conclusions: Saccharin increases sheep resilience and achieves adequateweight gains in parasitized lambs.

Changes in Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites and Hematological Parameters of Growing Lambs Supplemented with Two Sources of Choline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Martínez-García ◽  
J.C. Garcia-Lopez ◽  
P.A. Hernández-García ◽  
G.D. Mendoza-Martínez ◽  
A. Vázquez-Valladolid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Daily Gain

Background: Choline is a nutrient with numerous metabolic functions, but its requirements for ruminants are unknown. The supplementation with bypass choline could enhance productivity. Methods: Twenty-four male lambs (Rambouillet 23.5 kg±3.17 kg initial BW) were fed a basal diet with treatments which consisted of a control and oral doses of ruminally-protected choline (4 g/d RPC) and plant-based choline (4 g/d Biocholine) in a completely randomized design with initial weight as a covariate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days during which live weight, dry matter intake, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and basic hemograms were measured. Result: The daily gain in lambs was similar between treatments. Intake was higher in lambs given Biocholine (1.32 kg/d). The L* (represents the light to dark color) value and mineral content in the meat were improved with both sources of choline. Blood triglycerides increased by RPC compared with the other treatments and cholesterol was reduced by Biocholine. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decreased by effect of choline. Hematological parameters were affected by choline supplementation regardless of the source; erythrocyte, monocytes and lymphocytes count decreased with both sources of choline in growing lambs.

scholarly journals Digestibility and bioavailability of phosphorus from spray-dried yeasts in the diet of starting pigs (15-30 kg)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Lina Maria Peñuela Sierra ◽  
Ivan Moreira ◽  
Antonio Claudio Furlan ◽  
Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Ângela Rocio Poveda Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Spray Dried

Two experiments were carried out to determine the bioavailability of phosphorus in two spray-dried yeasts - sugarcane yeast (SCY), and sugarcane yeast + brewer's yeast (SCBY) - in starting pigs, by comparing different methods (Apparent Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - ADCP; True Digestibility Coefficient of Phosphorus - TDCP; slope ratio; and standard curve). In experiment I, a digestibility assay were carried out using 30 cross breed pig with initial weigh of 22.69 ± 4.24kg, allotted in a completely randomized design. The mean ADCP and TDCP values were 62.68 and 64.15% for SCY and 77.01 and 79.33% for SCBY. ADCP and TDCP for SCBY were higher (P<0.05) than the values for SCY. In Experiment II, a growth test was conducted, 56 crossbred piglets, were utilized, with initial live weight of 15.11 ± 3.43kg, allotted in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments, four replications, and two pigs per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without supplementation with P and the same diet including supplementation with two levels of P (0.053% and 0.105%) from dicalcium phosphate, SCY and SCBY. The relative bioavailability mean value of 57.23% for SCY and 91.96% for SCBY, corresponding to 0.30% and 0.40% of available phosphorus, respectively.

scholarly journals 26 Copper oxide wire particles to complement control of gastrointestinal nematodes with levamisole and/or albendazole in lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller ◽  
Mohan Acharya ◽  
Erin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Due to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR), complementary approaches to anthelmintic use to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep are necessary. Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are effective against Haemonchus contortus but not other GIN, and FAMACHA aids to minimize further development of AR. The objective was to determine the efficacy of COWP alone or in combination with levamisole, albendazole, or a 3-way combination to control GIN known to have AR to these anthelmintics. Naturally infected Katahdin lambs were selectively dewormed based on FAMACHA© and/or packed cell volume (PCV). If FAMACHA© scores were 3, 4, or 5, lambs received 1 g COWP alone (n = 120), COWP and levamisole (n = 47) or albendazole (n = 6), or a 3-way combination (n = 10), respectively. Untreated lambs were included (CON; n = 31). Feces and blood were collected on days 0 (day of deworming) and 14 for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC) and FEC reduction (FECRED) and PCV. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in a mixed model. The mean FECRED was greater for the combination of levamisole and COWP than COWP alone (P &lt; 0.001). In a mixed GIN population, COWP in combination with levamisole increased the efficacy of FECRED of H. contortus and other GIN genera present, offering greater GIN management in the presence of resistance to these anthelmintics.

scholarly journals Triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorus in the diet of growing bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
A Akter ◽  
ZH Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
P Content ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study was conducted to investigate the use of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) as a source of phosphorus in growing cattle. Twelve indigenous growing bull (initial live weight of 150 ± 10 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments, viz. basal diet (T0) containing 0.14% P and basal diet was supplemented with TSP to provide P levels of 0.24 (T1), 0.35 (T2) and 0.45% (T3) respectively. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Significant (P<0.05) differences in dry matter intake (DMI) were observed among the dietary treatments. The DMI (g/d) of animals fed diet having 0.35% P was higher than the diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.01) affected but CP and EE were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the supplementation of P from TSP. The digestibility of CF and NFE was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T2 (0.35% P) compared to diet containing 0.14, 0.24 and 0.45% P. Apparent absorption of P was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals fed on diet containing 0.14% phosphorous (T0) than diets with 0.35 and 0.45% phosphorus and true absorption (g/100g) of P was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the animals fed on diets T0 (0.14% P) than those fed on other diets (T1, T2 and T3. Phosphorus balance was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T1 (4.37 g/d), T2 (5.75 g/d) and T3 (7.09 g/d) compared to diet T0 (2.87 g/d) and highest value was observed on diet T3. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference among the mean values for live weight gain and the highest daily live weight gain was observed for diet T2 (69.44g) compared to the other diets T0, T1 and T3). The average serum P concentration of animals fed on diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of animal fed on diet T0. The results suggested that supplementation of TSP as a source of phosphorus increased total DMI, digestibility of CF, NFE, P retention, P content of blood serum and live weight gain of growing calves. Therefore, supplementation of 0.21% P from TSP may be used in growing cattle ration. Key words: Phosphorus; Triple super phosphate; Growing bull DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9681 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 89-96

Evaluation of Parasitological Homeopathic Complex in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Peripartum Sheep

Homeopathy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (04) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Poliana Araújo Pacheco ◽  
Michael Nunes Marconato ◽  
Letícia Liepkaln dos Reis ◽  
Luciana Morita Katiki ◽  
Cláudia Cristina Paro de Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Background The appearance of anthelmintic resistance has made it difficult to control verminosis in sheep, leading to increased research to find alternative nematode control. The use of homeopathy in veterinary medicine has been studied as an alternative for the treatment and control of some diseases. In this study, ewes received an anti-parasitic homeopathic complex medicine during the critical peripartum period of increased susceptibility to nematodes. Methods Three randomized groups containing 16 animals each were assigned as follows: ‘H10’ received 10 g homeopathic complex added to concentrated food per day; ‘H20’ received 20 g homeopathic complex added to concentrated food per day; ‘C’ (control group) did not receive a homeopathic complex. Animals were tested to evaluate the effect of homeopathy on several health parameters during a period of 110 days. Results The parasite that prevailed in the copro-cultures of both treatments throughout the experiment was Haemonchus contortus (78.26%). Packed cell volume averages did not present statistically significant differences between the treatments (24.5, 24.4 and 23.9% to C, H10 and H20, respectively; p < 0.05). For total white cell count, lower mean values ( ±  standard error of mean) were observed for the H20 treatment (5,490.9 ± 0.02/µL; p < 0.05), whereas the H10 (5,919.4 ± 0.02/µL) and control (6,098.5 ± 0.02/µL) presented higher and similar averages (p > 0.05). The values for erythrocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not show differences between treatments (p > 0.05). Body weight was greater in the H10-treated animals compared with control. For the fecal egg count (FEC) of Trichostrongylidae and Strongyloides spp., respectively, the averages of the H20 treatment (1,523.0 and 30.6) were not different from control (1,616.0 and 31.6) and H10 (1,038.0 and 27.6); for Trichostrongylidae, however, H10 presented a lower FEC than the control (p = 0.02). For Cooperia, H10- and H20-treated animals showed FEC reductions of 97% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions H20 treatment in peripartum sheep resulted in greater body weight and lower leukocyte count. H10 was associated with lower FEC for Trichostrongylidae. Both H10 and H20 justify a label of ‘effective anthelmintic’ for Cooperia.

scholarly journals Estimación del consumo de forraje para dos biotipos bovinos lecheros en el trópico altoandino de Nariño, Colombia: Consumo materia seca bovinos

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Juan Leonardo Cardona Iglesias ◽  
◽  
Yesid Avellaneda Avellaneda ◽  
Edwin Castro Rincón ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Randomized Design

The implementation of efficient grazing technologies in high mountain cattle ranches in the department of Nariño (Colombia) increases the sustainability of these production systems and promotes the conservation of the landscape design. With the objective of evaluating the dry matter intake of F1 (Kiwi-cross x Holstein) and Holstein cattle biotypes, present in hillside areas of the Nariño mountain, a preliminary trial of individual consumption of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was carried out in Pasto (Nariño-Colombia) with the gauging technique, and the results were compared with models reported in the literature. The data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, with repeated measures over time. Intake per gauging was higher (p<0.05) in Holstein cows, with respect to F1 cows (12.74 vs. 9.69 kg/dry-matter/day), but per unit live weight was similar (p>0.05). On the other hand, the milk composition of F1 cows was superior (p<0.05) for fat, protein, and total solids (%). In conclusion, the two breeds evaluated recorded the same forage intake capacity as a function of live weight, but, due to the larger size of the Holstein cows the absolute intake was higher, indicating that an adjustment in forage supply should be made according to the size of the animals. This work contributes to improve grazing techniques, making the use of pastures and their environment more sustainable, which favors productive efficiency and improves the quality of life for the producer families in the area.

scholarly journals The Bioavailability Of Phosphorous From Bone Meal And Triple Super Phosphate And Its Effects On Indigenous Growing Cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
ZH Khandaker ◽  
ABM Khaleduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The bioavailability of phosphorous, and blood serum and rumen liquor P level was studied in indigenous growing cattle by feeding bone meal and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) with control diet. Nine indigenous growing cattle (live weight of 164 ± 21 kg) were randomly assigned in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to three dietary treatments, consisted of a basal diet (T0) of 0.16% P and experimental diets supplemented with bone meal (T1) and triple super phosphate (T2) to provide P level of 0.44%. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Three cannulated animals were used for rumen liquor P level study by feeding three diets. Apparent absorption and balance of P were significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 and T2 diets than that of diet T0, but true absorption did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Bioavailability of P of control diet (37.41%), bone meal (81.45%) and triple super phosphate (80.49%) were significantly differed (P<0.01). Rumen liquor and blood serum P level differed significantly (P<0.01). Supplementation of bone meal and triple super phosphate results in high blood serum P (P>0.05) with no difference between bone meal and triple super phosphate. The results suggested that the bioavailability of P from bone meal and TSP was high and dietary supplementation of P with bone meal and TSP improved P retention and blood serum P level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9882 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 58-65

359 Intake and Growth Performance of Feedlot Lambs Fed Diets with Hi-a and Low-a Corn Cobs and Bermudagrass Hay

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Danilo G Quadros ◽  
Travis R Whitney ◽  
Cassie Weishuhn ◽  
Wenwei Xu ◽  
Doug R Tolleson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
D 63 ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Hi-A™ corn is a unique type of lines and hybrids that were developed by the Texas A&M AgriLife Corn Breeding Program and have high anthocyanin and antioxidants. A completely randomized design trial was used to evaluated effects of Hi-A and low-A (regular) corn cobs and bermudagrass hay (BGH) in feedlot diets fed to female Rambouillet lambs (n = 10/treatment), with initial body weight (BW) of 30.7+1.2 kg, on dry matter intake (DMI), BW, average daily gain (ADG), and growth:feed ratio (G:F). After 14 days of adaptation, lambs were individually fed a total mixed ration with 80% concentrate and 20% of one of the roughages (Hi-A, low-A, or BGH) for 63 days. Hay was chopped, while cobs were ground using a hammermill with a 9.52-mm screen. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The BW was not affected by the diet but increased (P &lt; 0.001) during the trial. Diet did not influence the ADG. However, the ADG was lower (P &lt; 0.001) in the d-42 (0.12 kg/d) than the rest of the trial (0.22 kg/d), after a period of constant high temperatures. The interaction diet vs. day affected (P &lt; 0.05) DMI. In general, lambs increased (P &lt; 0.05) DMI (g/d) and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) relative DMI (%BW) in the final part of the trial, when the animals were getting closer to the harvesting date. Lambs had lower (P &lt; 0.05) DMI of BGH diets than Hi-A diets from d-42 to d-63 and Low-A diets from d-49 to d-56. The G:F ratio was not affected by the diet but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) from the middle to the end of the trial. Corn cobs are valuable as alternative roughage for feedlot lambs, with intake and growth performance comparable to BGH.

​Effect of a Polyherbal Additive on Performance and Parasite Infection of Hair Creole Ewes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mejia-Delgadillo ◽  
H.A. Lee-Rangel ◽  
P.A. Hernandez-Garcia ◽  
A. Vazquez-Valladolid ◽  
H. Mendez-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infection represents several problems to livestock production. Control of GIN infection is usually achieved by the use of chemotherapeutic anthelmintic drugs. However, indiscriminate use of anthelmintics led to development of anthelmintic resistance. An alternative to chemical control is use of bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of polyherbal additive containing high concentrations of saponins with a conventional chemical antiparasitic drug on performance and GIN counts of ewes. Methods: Sixteen hair ewes (creole 19.05±0.895 kg initial BW) fed a basal diet, were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) Doramectin (0.2 mg/kg BW, as positive control); 2) Polyherbal additive, Peptasan (4 grams/lamb/day) and 3) Control group that was not dewormed. The experiment was conducted for 28 days. At 0, 14, 21 and 28 parasite infections were assessed by fecal egg counts (FEC). Result: The daily gain was positively correlated (P less than 0.01) with herbal product (261 g/d) and Doramectin (146 g/d), in contrast with the control group (33 g/d). The number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced by Peptasan (90 EPG) compared to Doramectin (711 EPG) after 28 days of treatment. At the same time the EPG in control group was remained unchanged (4566 eggs/g). Infection with GIN can affect feed utilization and lamb performance and polyherbal products are alternative anthelmintics to reduce the parasitic infection in growing ewes.

PSV-7 Sire fecal egg count EBV are predictive of offspring response to an artificial gastrointestinal nematode infection in Rambouillet sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
Jacob W Thorne ◽  
Scott A Bowdridge ◽  
Brenda M Murdoch ◽  
Reid Redden
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a significant risk to the health and productivity of Rambouillet sheep, a noted wool and meat producing breed, in the United States. Capturing phenotypic measurements of Rambouillet while infected with GIN is essential for the calculation of estimated breeding values (EBV) as a selection tool to improve host resistance to GIN. Weaned (age= ~120 d.) Rambouillet lambs (n = 75) were each inoculated with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae and placed in a feedlot. Lambs were offspring of two representative sires, A (n = 26) and B (n = 49), with post-weaning fecal egg count EBV (PFEC) from LAMBPLAN, of -9.94 and +9.20%, respectively. Lamb fecal egg count (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV) and body weight (BWT) measurements were captured at 7-day intervals for 6 subsequent weeks. Actual FEC were loge transformed (lnFEC) to meet normality and then backtransformed least squares means (LSM) are reported. lnFEC, PCV and BWT were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures including fixed effects of sex, sire and average daily gain (ADG) classification (for lnFEC and PCV), and sex and sire (for BWT). Significant differences (P = 0.0216) in average lnFEC were observed between offspring from sires A [2242 eggs per gram (epg)] and B (2914 epg). Weekly lnFEC differed (P &lt; 0.0001) and a trend identified between sexes (females = 3414 epg vs males = 2712 epg, P = 0.0909). Interestingly, females exhibited a higher average PCV than males, (34.93% v. 31.15%, P &lt; 0.0001), suggesting potential pathological differences by sex in response to GIN infection. Artificial GIN infections offer a more controlled test than under natural conditions and are a viable option to aid in identifying Rambouillet sheep more resistant to GIN. These results indicate EBV calculated with FEC from a natural GIN infection are predictive of the response of Rambouillet lambs to an artificial infection of H. contortus.

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