scholarly journals Diversity, relative abundance and temporal spread of insects associated with Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) at Makurdi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lilian Dada Simon ◽  
Emmanuel Oludele Ogunwolu ◽  
Eunice Okoroafor ◽  
Edache Ernest Ekoja
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Oxycarenus Hyalinipennis ◽  
Temporal Spread

Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., is cultivated extensively for food and income generation in Africa, but research on biotic constraints to its production has been scanty. A 48-plot (5m×5m wide each) field experiment laid in randomized complete block design was used to document the relative abundance (% RA), diversity, richness, and temporal spread of insect species infesting the crop at Makurdi, Nigeria. The insects were collected from all parts of early- and late-sown green-calyx (H. sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) and red-calyx (H. sabdariffa var. altissima) Roselle shoots. About 101 species (81 herbivores, 18 predators, 1 parasitoid, and 1 pollinator) in 45 families and 8 orders were collected. Shannon’s diversity index (2.1-2.4) and Margalef’s richness index (8.3-10.0) indicate a rich diversity of species on the crop. However, evenness of species, measured by Buzas and Gibson’s index, was low (0.1-0.41). The orders Coleoptera and Hemiptera accounted for 72.0% of the collection. Nineteen species were moderately (≥1 RA<5%) to highly abundant (RA≥10%) on the crop and among them Monolepta thompsoni Allard and Nisotra sjostedti Jac. were ubiquitous causing extensive leaf perforation all through the entire crop growth period. At the reproductive stage of growth, Dysdercus volkeri Fab., Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa and Earias sp. were the dominant insects causing fruit and seed damage. The frequency of occurrence and densities of M. thompsoni Allard, N. sjostedti Jac., D. volkeri Fab., O. hyalinipennis Costa and Earias sp. as well as their extensive damage, indicate that they are the key field pests of Roselle at Makurdi.

scholarly journals Agromorphological Diversity among Popcorn (Zea mays. everta) Landraces Grown in Zambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
N. Bbebe ◽  
L. Tembo ◽  
K. Kamfwa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Thirty nine (39) popcorn landraces alongside three (3) check varieties were evaluated for variability and relationships based on 15 agromorphological traits in Kabwe, Zambia during 2019/20 and 2020/21 seasons. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications in both instances. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.001) differences among the popcorn landrace populations in some traits such as days to anthesis, days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, 100 seed weight, ear and plant heights.Principal component analysis also delineated these traits as the most important in contributing to the variability among the landraces alongside tassel length. The first two principal components accounted for 71.1% of total variability with PC-1 accounting for 41.7 and PC-2 with 28.4%. Genetic diversity based on discriminant analysis revealed low mean differentiation (D2=0.12) among the landrace populations. The check population ‘Lion popcorn’ had the largest mean genetic distance among the studied populations (D2=0.42) while ZMP 1932 was the most differentiated among the landraces (D2=0.38). Cluster analysis resulted in seven clusters with the clustering mostly based on the relative strength of the popcorn landraces in particular traits such as long A-S interval (cluster I) and high seed weight (cluster VII). Overall, two popcorn landraces were identified for their relatively high genetic diversity index (ZMP 1932 and ZMP 1902). These alongside the check variety ‘Lion popcorn’ can be used to cross with the local landraces as a way of increasing genetic diversity.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF IMPORTED GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEAE L.) VARIETIES IN SPRING SEASON IN THUA THIEN HUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3C) ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Thi Hong Hai ◽  
Phan Thu Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoai Tram
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Resistance To Insects ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Selection Of

Groundnut is an important oilseed crop of Vietnam and numerous countries around the world. The objective of this study is the selection of good quality groundnut varieties that have a high yield, resistance to insects and diseases, and good adaptation to Thua Thien Hue’s climate. Eleven imported groundnut varieties (nine varieties from India and two from the Research Institute For Oil And Oil Plants are examined and compared with a control. The experiments are conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates from December 2016 to May 2017 in Huong Long Cooperative, Hue City. The data show that all introduced groundnut varieties have a short growth period ranging from 88 to 94 days. Four imported varieties have a high pod yield. Two of them have a higher pod yield than control and are resistant to the bacterial causing wilting and black mold.

scholarly journals The Effect of Apex Pruning on Vegetative and Generative Growth of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Slamet Susanto ◽  
Titistyas Gusti Aji ◽  
Arifah Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Branch Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Branches

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The  experiment  was  aimed  at  studying  the  effect  of  number  of  branch on  vegetative  and generative growth of roselle. The experiment was conducted at Cikabayan Experimental Farm from February  to June  2009. The  experiment was  arranged  in  randomized  complete  block  design with single factor and consisted  of four levels of pruning: control (without  pruning), apex pruning with 5 branches,  apex  pruning  with  10  branches,  and  apex  pruning  with 15  branches,  each  with  three replications.  The  result  indicated  that pruning  with  different  number  of  branch  gave  effect  on decreasing  on some  variables  of  vegetative  and  generative  growth  of  roselle.  Plants experienced apex pruning with 15 branches did not show any differences on number of primary stems, number of secondary  stems,  number  of  leaves, number  of  flowers,  fresh  and  dry  weight  of  calyxes,  and anthocyanin content  in  calyxes.  Plants  experienced  pruning  with  different  number  of branches tended to have higher  anthocyanin content  than  those  on  control. Generally, plants with 15 primary branches gave the best effect on both vegetative and generative growth of roselle.</p><p>Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa L., pruning, branch, growth</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mempelajari  pengaruh  jumlah  cabang  pada pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif rosela. Penelitian dilaksanakan di  Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2009. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktor tunggal dan  terdiri  dari  empat tingkat  pemangkasan:  kontrol  (tanpa  pemangkasan),  pemangkasan pucuk dengan  5  cabang,  pemangkasan  pucuk   dengan  10  cabang,  dan pemangkasan  pucuk   dengan  15 cabang,  masing-masing  dengan  tiga ulangan.  Hasil  penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  pemangkasan dengan  nomor yang  berbeda  dari  cabang  memberi  efek  pada  penurunan  pada  beberapa variabel pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif rosela. Tanaman dengan pemangkasan pucuk pada 15 cabang tidak  menunjukkan  perbedaan  pada jumlah  batang  utama,  jumlah  sekunder  batang,  jumlah  daun, jumlah bunga,  berat  segar  dan  kering  calyxes,  dan  konten  antosianin  di  calyxes. Tanaman mengalami  pemangkasan  dengan  nomor  yang  berbeda  dari cabang  cenderung  memiliki  konten antosianin  lebih  tinggi  dibandingkan pada  kontrol.  Umumnya,  tanaman  dengan  15  cabang  utama memberikan efek terbaik pada kedua pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif rosela.</p><p>Kata kunci: Hibiscus sabdariffa L., pemangkasan, cabang, pertumbuhan</p>

scholarly journals The Denser Canopy of Mangrove Drives the Structure of Insect Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Yendra Pratama Setyawan ◽  
Wakhid Wakhid ◽  
Suhadi Suhadi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Richness Index

Mangrove restoration in Trenggalek, East Java has resulted an age variation of mangrove ecosystem. Diverse species of insects predominantly found in mangroves were collected using yellow pan traps, swipe nets and by direct picking from three different sites. This research was conducted from April until August 2015. There are 9,181 individual insects associated with mangroves comprised of 42 species from 31 families and eight orders. The first site or the 15 years old mangrove (66.22% canopy cover) indicated the highest Shannon diversity index at 2.54, Evenness index of 0.32 and Margalef richness index of 4.84. The lowest diversity was recorded in the third site or the five years old mangrove (19.65% canopy cover), with the Shannon diversity index at 2.28, Evenness index at 0.26 and Margalef richness index at 4.59. The most abundant species located was the Eristena mangalis, with 1,724 individuals (relative abundance of 18.78%), followed by Monolepta sp. with 1,649 individuals (relative abundance of 17.96%). These are the phytophagous insects associated with mangrove leaves. This study concluded that the older mangrove ecosystem have a denser canopy that supports insect life.

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

Growth and Branching Responses of Portulaca grandiflora to Foliar Applications of Chemical Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447c-447
Author(s):  
T.J. Banko ◽  
M.A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Prostrate Growth ◽  
Secondary Shoot

During container production of portulaca, growth of long, prostrate, sparsely branched stems makes handling of plants difficult, and reduces their commercial appeal. Growers prefer to minimize shoot elongation while increasing branching to provide a full, compact plant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth regulators for promotion of branching and inhibition of stem elongation. Container-grown plants ≈21 cm in diameter were treated with sprays of ProShear (benzylaminopurine) at 62.4, 125, and 250 ppm; Promalin (benzyaminopurine + gibberellins 4+7) at 125, 250, and 500 ppm; Atrimmec (dikegulac) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm; and Florel (ethephon) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm. These treatments were compared with untreated controls in a randomized complete-block design. Main shoot lengths were measured at 16, 31, and 51 days after treatment (DAT). Numbers of new shoot breaks were counted 16 DAT. The growth habit, that is, tendency to grow upright or prostrate, was also evaluated 16 DAT. The most-effective material for retarding primary shoot elongation and for stimulating secondary shoot development was ProShear. At 16 DAT, 250 ppm ProShear reduced shoot elongation by 25% compared to control plants. This treatment also increased the number of secondary shoot breaks by 143%. Promalin increased the number of new shoot breaks, but it also increased the lengths of all shoots. High rates of Florel and Promalin caused shoots to grow predominantly upright rather then prostrate. ProShear, however, caused more prostrate growth as rate increased.

Influence of Nitrogen and Potassium on Three Zoysiagrasses

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516b-516
Author(s):  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Minimal Research ◽  
Micronutrient Fertilizer

Zoysiagrass has great potential for use in the Gulf Coast states as a turfgrass. There has been minimal research on the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility response of zoysiagrass and the effect on turf color, quality, and nutrient content. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of N and K fertility on zoysiagrass. A study was conducted on three zoysiagrasses: Zoysia japonica × Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. (`Emerald'); Z. japonica Steud. (`Meyer'); and Z. matrella. The N and K treatment combinations consisted of high (H) and low (L) rates of N and K at the following levels: N levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month and K levels of 454 and 227 g N/92.9 m2 per month. The treatment combinations were (N and K): HH, HL, LH, and LL and were applied in two split applications monthly from July through November. The study was a randomized complete-block design with three replications. All plots received two applications of a micronutrient fertilizer (late June and August), were irrigated as needed, and maintained at a height of 3.8 cm. Color, density, texture, uniformity, and quality were determined visually for each month. Plant tissue samples were collected (September) and analyzed for macronutrient and micronutrient contents. There were significant differences for color, density, and quality in the following months: September (color and density); October (quality); and November (color and quality). There were differences in leaf texture for all months. There were significant differences for N, magnesium (Mg), and K contents but there were no differences for any micronutrient. This study indicated that all three zoysiagrasses provided acceptable color and quality during the summer and fall, and that N and K rates affected N, K, and Mg contents in the plant.

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