scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF ANOGEISSUSLEIOCARPUS FOUND IN DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA - NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Abdulrasheed Halliru Usman ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
A. G. Danjani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies

Preliminary characterization of phytocompounds from stem bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus and its antimicrobial effects was carried out in this study. Concentrated and dried extracts obtained, after extraction of the plant material, were subjected to phytochemical screening and FT-IR analysis. Part of extracts obtained were used for antimicrobial studies on eleven pathogenic clinical isolates namely Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Candida krusei, Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening of the plant extracts revealed the presence of, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and reducing sugars. FT-IR's spectroscopic analysis showed characteristic peaks of alcohols, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones and amines groups matching with some of the metabolites’ functionalities already reported in literature. The plant extracts were active against all the test organisms (MIC ranged from 5.0 mg / ml to 1.25 mg / ml; MBC/MFC ranged from 10 mg / ml to 2.5 mg / ml) except Methicillin resistant Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida krusei. It can be concluded that the stem-bark of Anogeissusleiocarpus contains phytochemicals that have potentials to be developed into antimicrobial drugs useful for the treatment of diseases caused by those microorganisms the plant indicated activity against it.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Spectrum of Stem Bark Extracts of Ficus sycomorus

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Yunusa Saheed ◽  
Mustapha Usman Nasir ◽  
Baballe Abbas ◽  
Rabi Yakubu Bello
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ficus Sycomorus

Aim: This work investigated the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of methanolic extract and antimicrobial spectrum of acetone and aqueous crude extracts of Ficus sycomorus stem bark. Place and Duration of the Study: Department chemistry research laboratory and microbiology laboratory, Yobe State University, Damaturu between April 2019 and August, 2019. Methodology: Pure isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentariae, proteus spp, Pseudomonas auruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and a fungi, Candida albicans were collected from National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State. The plant was collected and the extract was used in preliminary phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis and reconstituted for antimicrobial activities testing. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside and tannin. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of heterocyclic members of pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiazole and 1, 3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-hethylhexyl) ester. Acetone extract showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Shigella spp while the aqueous extract produced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. Both acetone and aqueous extracts of both stem bark extracts did not exhibit any activity against Escherichia coli. All the extracts were tested at 100mg/ml concentration. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) (125 – 250 mg/ml) of both extracts were higher than those of ciprofloxacin (5.0 mg/ml). Conclusion: There is scientific basis for the uses of F. sycomorus in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases as prescribed earlier on and stronger basis for recommendation for its cautious use for the presence of 2-ethylhexyl which could be Carcinogenic. This is first study to identify 2-ethylhexyl from F. sycomorus stem bark extract and recommend cautious use.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of the root bark extracts of Strychnos spinosa Lam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
G. Ahmad ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
K.A. Ahmad ◽  
A. Gbeminiyi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Strychnos Spinosa

The phytochemical screening and antimicrobial properties of petroleum ethylacetate and methanol root bark extracts of Strychnos spinosa. The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candidas albicans by Agar well diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The phytochem screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The methanol extracts was found to be the most potent against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC values of 1.56mg/ml. TheMBC revealed that the extracts were more of bacteriostatic than bactericidal. Keywords; Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Strychnos spinosa, Root bark.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activity of Gardenia aqualla Stem Bark Methanol Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Michael Anyekema ◽  
Lesley Sahber Kindzeka ◽  
Aristide Dzelamonyuy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Corynebacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Superficial Skin

Aim: This study was aimed at examining the antimicrobial and wound healing activities of Gardenia aqualla stem bark methanol extract (GASBME) in order to provide scientific basis for its antimicrobial and wound healing properties. Methodology: Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and antimicrobial activity determined using some pathogenic micro-organisms were evaluated following its wound healing effectiveness in Wistar rats using the model of superficial skin excision wound. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnet’s t-test. Results: The results of preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids with anthraquinones being absent. The extract showed antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi and significant (p< 0.05, p< 0.001) decrease in wound measurement by the 11th day. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GASBME possesses antimicrobial activity with wound healing properties that justifies the ethno-medicinal use of the plant in wound/ulcer healings.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals A Novel Antimicrobial Phenanthrene Alkaloid from Bryopyllum pinnatum

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1456-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatus Ebere Okwu ◽  
Fred Uchenna Nnamdi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
Isolated Compound

Phenenthrene alkaloid identified as 1-ethanamino 7 hex-1-yne-5I-one phenanthrene was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves ofBryophyllum pinnatum(syn. B. calcinum kalanchoe pinnata) a versatile Nigeria medicinal plant. The structure was elucidated using NMR, IR, UV and MS spectral data. Antimicrobial studies showed that the isolated compound successfully inhibitedPsuedomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicansandAspergillus niger. This result authenticates the use ofbryophyllum pinantumin phytomedicine for disease prevention and treatment of infections.

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and susceptibility of bacteria pathogens to whole extract of evolvulus alsinoides (L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
BA Omogbai ◽  
FA Eze
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Evolvulus Alsinoides ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Context: Plant based antimicrobial represent a vast untapped source for medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobial neeto occur. Evolvulus alsinoides (L) (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial herb is used in traditional medicine in East Asia, India, Africa and Philippines to cure fever, cough, cold, venereal diseases, azoospermia, adenitis and dementia.   Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of E. alsinoides on some clinical microbial isolates.   Materials and Methods: The ed thanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole plant (leaves and twigs) were analysed for alkanoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and resins. The determination of antibacterial activity was done using the agar well diffusion technique. Pure cultures of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus leutus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial activity assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).   Results: The ethanolic extract of the plant had MIC values ranging from 16 mg/ml to 512.5 mg/ml. The least MIC was 16mg-ml against Salmonella typhi while Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest MIC of 512.5 mg-ml. In the aqueous extract the MIC ranged between 512.5 to >1025 mg/ml. Salmonella typhi, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were not inhibited by the water extract. Phytochemical result showed ethanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in this plant which include: glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and volatile oil.   Conclusion: In this study the gram-negative organisms had the lowest MICs and MBCs. This suggests their higher susceptibility to the extract of this plant. On the basis of the result obtained in this investigation it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Evolvulus alsinoides had significant in vitro broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.   Keywords: Evolvulus alsinoides; Phytochemical screening; Antibacterial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8769 JBS 2010; 18(0): 16-20

scholarly journals Anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity of an acetone extract from the leaves of Canarium odontophyllum (Miq.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mohd Shamsuddin ◽  
◽  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Bacteriostatic Action ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Time Kill

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern that has caused nosocomial and community infections over the past decade. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and limitations of present antimicrobial drugs have led to continuous search for natural products as curative agents for MRSA infections. Canarium odontophyllum Miq., locally known as dabai, has been considered an alternative phytotherapeutic treatment for MRSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriostatic activity of an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against the ATCC 33591 and Mu50 strains were determined using the broth microdilution method, and a time-kill assay was employed to assess the type of bacteriostatic action of the extract against the Mu50 strain only. The MIC and MBC values of the extract against Mu50 were 312.5 µg/ml and 625 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the MIC and MBC values for ATCC 33591 were 625 µg/ml and 1,250 µg/ml, respectively, confirming the bacteriostatic effect against both MRSA strains. A time-kill assay showed that the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum leaves exhibited concentrationdependent bacteriostatic action against the Mu50 strain at 1/2× MIC, 1× MIC and 2× MIC. However, the extract was bactericidal only at the highest concentration (4× MIC) with a reduction in cell viability of more than 3 log10 within 24 hours. These findings confirm that an acetone extract from C. odontophyllum leaves inhibited growth of MRSA at low concentration and could be utilised as an alternative anti-MRSA agent in immune uncompromised hosts

scholarly journals SCREENING PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-METHICILLIN RESISTANT (MRSA) ACTIVITY OF 70 % ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE STEM BARK OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK(L.) BENTH.(FABACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yao KANGA ◽  
CAMARA Djeneb ◽  
KOUASSI Kouadio Aubin ◽  
ZIRIHI Guédé Noël
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and limitations of present antimicrobial drugs have led to continuous search for natural products as curative agents for Anti-methicillin resistantinfections. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of an ethanolic extract from Albizia lebbeckstem bark against Anti-methicillin resistant. Methods and Results : The methods of dissemination swab on muller-hinton agar and double dilution were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 70 % ethanolic extract of stem bark of Albizia lebbeck.All multi-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and the reference strain (ATCC 25923) were sensitive to 70 % ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Albizia lebbeck. The MBCvary from 0,49 mg/mL to 2mg/mL. Also, the phytochemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of  Polyphenols, Gallic tannins, Catechin tanninsand Flavonoids. These findings confirm that an 70 % ethanolic extract from Albizia lebbeck stem bark inhibited growth of Anti-methicillin resistant at low concentration and could be utilised as an alternative Anti-methicillin resistantagent.

scholarly journals Clinical, Demographic, and Aetiological Profile of Liver Abscess in Children Admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital - North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 3470-3476
Author(s):  
Navya Sree Manugu ◽  
Narayana Lunavath ◽  
Ramu Pedada
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Amoebic Liver Abscess ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

BACKGROUND Amoebic liver abscess is the commonest extra intestinal site of invasive amoebiasis which mainly affects infants and young children. The incidence of pyogenic liver abscess is much higher among children in developing countries than those in developed countries. Diagnosis of liver abscess can be challenging and is often delayed; a high index of suspicion is necessary in children with risk factors. Children have unique set of predisposing causes for liver abscesses. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical, demographic, and etiological profile of liver abscess in children between 1 month to 12 years of age. METHODS This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikistalaya (An Autonomous Institute under Govt. of NCT (National Capital Territory) of Delhi, affiliated to University of Delhi), Delhi from July 2016 to August 2017. All children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with liver abscess (included consecutively) were enrolled after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written and informed consent was taken from parents/guardians of children aged less than 7 years. Informed assent was taken from children aged more than 7 years, along with written and informed consent from their parents/guardians. Their clinical characteristics, radiological features and laboratory data were analysed. RESULTS Most common age group suffering from liver abscess was 5 - 10 years with male preponderance. Majority of the children belonged to lower socio-economic class and half of them were suffering from malnutrition. Most common clinical presentation of children suffering from liver abscess was fever with pain abdomen and tender hepatomegaly. Majority of the children had leucocytosis, high level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Deranged liver function test with coagulopathy was noted in more than half of the children suffering from liver abscess. Commonest bacterial pathogen was methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hominis. Entamoeba histolytica is a common parasitic agent causing liver abscess in children. CONCLUSIONS Liver abscess should be considered in children presenting with fever and abdominal pain. Most cases involve a single lesion on right lobe of the liver. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus followed by Salmonella typhi are the two most common pathogens. KEYWORDS Paediatric Liver Abscess, Amoebic Liver Abscess, Pyogenic Liver Abscess, Children

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Coumarin-Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potent Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Agents

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Alnufaie ◽  
Hansa Raj KC ◽  
Nickolas Alsup ◽  
Jedidiah Whitt ◽  
Steven Andrew Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Mrsa Strains

In this paper, synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 31 novel coumarin-substituted pyrazole derivatives are reported. Some of these compounds have shown potent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 3.125 µg/mL. These molecules are equally potent at inhibiting the development of MRSA biofilm and the destruction of preformed biofilm. These results are very significant as MRSA strains have emerged as one of the most menacing pathogens of humans and this bacterium is bypassing HIV in terms of fatality rate.

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