scholarly journals Chronic Diseases Linked with Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Length Of Life

Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder, recognized as a major health problem by World Health Organization (WHO), Centers of Disease Control (CDC) and National Institute of Health (NIH). It increases the risk of several debilitating and deadly diseases hence decreasing the quantity and length of life. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the estimation of the body fat. As BMI increases, so does blood pressure, blood sugar, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol. These changes translate into the risk of heart strokes, CVD, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Poor dietary intake, sedentary behavior, genetics, high demand of convenience and processed food at an early age can lead to a greater probability of developing metabolic and endocrinal syndrome, insulin resistance and future complication in pregnancy. According to a study at Harvard, worldwide rate of obesity has already doubled since 1980, affecting 200 million adults, under 3000 million women and 43 million children (since 2010). According to another study at Rand Institute, obesity is a higher risk factor for chronic diseases than living in poverty, smoking and drinking. Approximately 300,000 people die per annum in USA. Obesity and its association linked with chronic diseases harms virtually for every aspect of life and health. It isn’t necessarily a permanent condition, an approach to healthy diet; exercise along with educating the individual the skill to make better choices can lead to weight loss and ultimately longer healthier and happier life.

scholarly journals Physical Activity to Stay Fit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkierupaia Shadap
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractPhysical activity is any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure. According to World Health Organization, regular physical activities such as walking, cycling, doing the household work, etc., make an individual feel good and it has significant benefits for health. One of the vital elements for healthy bones at every age is exercise. Exercise lowers the blood pressure, slightly decreases the levels of total- and low-density lipoprotein—the bad cholesterol, and increases the levels of high-density lipoprotein—the good cholesterol. Regular physical activity and exercise help in maintaining the healthy body weight, decreasing stress, apprehension, and preventing depression. Exercising can also possibly help in delaying the effects of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Strong evidence shows that physical activity has a wide range of beneficial effects for both physical and mental well-being.

Lipid profile in an urban healthy adult Bangladeshi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Elisha Khandker ◽  
Zinat Ara Polly ◽  
Fatima Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
Health Organization

Background and objectives: The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) has increased in most of the developing countries, including Bangladesh. An important marker of IHD is dyslipidemia which includes high levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). So it is very important to know the lipid levels of a particular population for early intervention and prevention of IHD. The present study investigated the lipid levels of healthy urban adult Bangladeshi population. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out over a period of one year at the Department of Physiology of Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 286 apparently healthy individuals were included in this study. Blood sample following overnight fast was collected for determination of serum TG, T-cholesterol, LDL-c and HDL-c. For all four lipid components, 95th percentile value was calculated and compared with values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Results: A total number of 286 adult individuals were enrolled of which 130 (45.5%) and 156 (54.5%) were male and female respectively. The mean levels of TG (122±56 mg/dl) and T-cholesterol (178±25 mg/dl) of male participants were significantly (p=0.001, p=0.008) higher than that of females (79.3±35.6 and 170±26 mg/dl). The level of serum HDL-c was significantly (p=0.001) higher in females (46.1±7.8 mg/dl)) compared to the males (39.7±8.6 mg/dl). The 95th percentile values of TG, T-cholesterol and LDL-c were higher than that of values recommended by WHO. Of the total participants, 17.1% to 24.1% had TG, T-cholesterol and LDL-c levels higher than the WHO recommended range. Conclusion: It is concluded that a proportion of our urban healthy young adult population had lipid profiles different from that recommended by WHO. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 13-17

scholarly journals The Social Architecture of Anxiety and Potential Role of Music Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Zarate
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2009), anxiety has become a serious international threat to global health, productivity, and sensibility. When a person suffers from anxiety, it impacts all aspects of their well-being as well as that of people close to them. This paper discusses the presence and impact of anxiety as a relational, multisensory, and embodied experience that occurs as a result of internal and external social environmental stressors. It supports the theory that the individual and collective impact of anxiety is an operational social construct produced from a deeply rooted history of competitive individualism, power in relationships and issues of difference in society. The way in which the field of music therapy currently conceptualizes anxiety suggests that more studies are needed to specifically target the larger relational and social contexts of anxiety. Thus, providing the potential for increasing the body of knowledge for the field and opportunities for music therapists to think and practice from such a critical perspective.

scholarly journals NUTRICARE Application to Access Nutritional Status on Adults and Older People Combining Four Indicators (P16-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Helen De Oliveira ◽  
Ingrid Brandimiller Gottsfritz ◽  
Larissa Lopes ◽  
Wolney Lisboa Conde ◽  
Luiza Sao Joao
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop a free application to the whole population to access overall nutritional status in adults and older people from four indicators based on direct anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences). Methods The application was developed using the MIT App Inventor, a block-based mobile application development tool, so it is available to mobile in Android system only. The application shows measurements protocols of height, weight and waist and hip circumferences (Lohman (1988), and World Health Organization (WHO) (2011)). In the application, standard deviation classification system (z-score) for adults under 20 years of age is calculated and it is classified using the values of smooth curves (L), mean (M) and coefficient of variation (S) according to WHO (2007). For adults, Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated according to the Quételet formula (1839) and it is classified according to the WHO (1997) for people from 20 until 59 years old, and according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2002) for older people. The Body Adiposity Index (BAI) is calculated using the formula of Bergman et al., (2011) and the percentage of body fat is classified according to Gallagher et al., (2000). The application shows the individual epidemiological classification of each anthropometric variables and also it shows the nutritional status through of combinatorial analysis that results in 134 possibilities. Results The free NUTRICARE application provides 4 individual indicators and an overall nutritional status. At phase test, the apk file was sent to 120 people, included Nutritionists, who agreed to test it. They've returned positive feedback reporting that application can be used by the whole population because it is simple to use and free. Conclusions In conclusion, the NUTRICARE application can be used to assess nutritional status of populations because it provided a result using simple measurements and four combined indicators to achieve more accuracy. We recommend further studies to validate its use in epidemiological studies. Funding Sources Laboratory of Nutritional Assessment of Populations (LANPOP) Programa Unificado de Bolsas (PUB) - University of São Paulo scholarship program. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 748-752
Author(s):  
Swapnali Khabade ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

scholarly journals Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3302
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dereń ◽  
Justyna Wyszyńska ◽  
Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽  
Olena Nyankovska ◽  
Marta Yatsula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA MENICHETTI ◽  
PIETRO CIPRESSO ◽  
DARIO BUSSOLIN ◽  
GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Older Citizens

ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of the cholesteryl ester cycle in cultured mouse macrophage foam cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J McGookey ◽  
R G Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters

Mouse peritoneal macrophages can be induced to accumulate cholesteryl esters by incubating them in the presence of acetylated low density lipoprotein. The cholesteryl esters are sequestered in neutral lipid droplets that remain in the cell even when the acetylated low density lipoprotein is removed from the culture media. Previous biochemical studies have determined that the cholesterol component of cholesteryl ester droplets constantly turns over with a half time of 24 h by a cyclic process of de-esterification and re-esterification. We have used morphologic techniques to determine the spatial relationship of cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and lipase activity during normal turnover and when turnover is disrupted. Lipid droplets were surrounded by numerous 7.5-10.0-nm filaments; moreover, at focal sites on the margin of each droplet there were whorles of concentrically arranged membrane that penetrated the matrix. Histochemically detectable lipase activity was associated with these stacks of membrane. Using filipin as a light and electron microscopic probe for free cholesterol, we determined that a pool of free cholesterol was associated with each lipid droplet. Following incubation in the presence of the exogenous cholesterol acceptor, high density lipoprotein, the cholesteryl ester droplets disappeared and were replaced with lipid droplets of a different lipid composition. Inhibition of cholesterol esterification caused cholesteryl ester droplets to disappear and free cholesterol to accumulate in numerous myelin-like structures in the body of the cell.

Pharmacogenetics of Metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Alrahman Joneri
Keyword(s):  
American Diabetes Association ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Line ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition in which an increase in glucose levels in the blood exceeds normal limits. Hyperglycemia is one of the typical signs of diabetes mellitus (DM). The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts an increase in the number of people with DM which is a global health threat. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, and the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, in adults. Metformin, which is a biguanide group, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes as the first-line oral therapy for DM and is the most widely used oral medication worldwide. Metformin can also increase peripheral glucose utilization and ultimately decrease the production of fatty acids and triglycerides. Some of the individual differences that underlie the variation in response to metformin.

Implementing the Sphere Project’s standards for patient’s healthcare rights in the disaster zone: The experience of the Israeli field hospital in post-quake Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Deganit Kobliner-Friedman, RN, MPH ◽  
Ofer Merin, MD ◽  
Eran Mashiach, MD ◽  
Reuven Kedar, MD ◽  
Shai Schul, MHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Israel Defense Forces ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Emergency medical teams (EMTs) encounter chaos upon arriving at the scene of a disaster. Rescue efforts are utilitarian and focus on providing the technical aspects of medical care in order to save the most lives at the expense of the individual. This often neglects the basic healthcare rights of the patient. The Sphere Project was initiated to develop universal humanitarian standards for disaster response.The increase in the number of EMTs led the World Health Organization (WHO) to organize standards for disaster response. In 2016, the WHO certified the Israel Defense Forces Field Hospital (IDF-FH) as the first to be awarded the highest level of accreditation (EMT-3). This paper presents the IDF-FH’s efforts to protect the patient’s healthcare rights in a disaster zone based on the Sphere Principles.These core Sphere Principles include the right to professional medical treatment; the right to dignity, privacy, and confidentiality; the right for information in an understandable language; the right to informed consent; the obligation to maintain private medical records; the obligation to adhere to universal ethical standards, to respect culture and custom and to care for vulnerable populations; the right to protection from sexual exploitation and violence; and the right to continued treatment.

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