scholarly journals Caftaric acid: an overview on its structure, daily consumption, bioavailability and pharmacological effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5616-5623 ◽  

Caftaric acid is simply known as phenolic derivative and it is present in high concentrations in grape seeds and juice. The chemical structure of caftaric acid is C13H12O9, with molar mass of the acid equal to 312.230 g/mol. Caftaric acid is formed united of caffeic acid and tartaric acid. This paper reviews caftaric acid structure, daily consumption, bioavailability and pharmacological effects. The caftaric acid quickly passes to the stomach and duodenum and increases the absorption of the acid in the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The antioxidant effect of grape stem was related to its caftaric acid constituent. The grape juice has anti-inflammatory effect and this anti-inflammatory effect is correlated with the main constituent of this juice which is caftaric acid. Caftaric acid has antimutagenic effect in an animal model suggesting that caftaric acid participates in chemopreventive effect of the Yamabudo juice. The "liver detoxifying" effect is observed and correlated with oral supplementation with aqueous decoctions of Cichorium spinosum and Cichorium intybus in Greece where caftaric acid is the major constituent of these two aqueous decoctions. The caftaric acid possesses a double effect through decreasing high blood glucose and high blood pressure so this acid can be used in the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. The caftaric acid increases granulocyte/macrophage-colony forming cells from femurs of female animals' models by 70%. In conclusion, caftaric acid is presented about 5 mg/100 cm3 grape juice. The acid is quickly passes into the stomach and duodenum. The trans-caftaric acid represents 85% of the total phenolic content in the Concord grape juice with a total concentration of 444 μmol/L. The caftaric acid has many pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome and neuroprotective effects.

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2534-2537
Author(s):  
Gladiola Tantaru ◽  
Mihai Apostu ◽  
Antonia Poiata ◽  
Mihai Nichifor ◽  
Nela Bibire ◽  
...  

The paper presents the synthesis of a new complex combination of a Bis-Schiff base with Mn(II) ions with great potential for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. A new complex of the Salen-type ligand, 1-ethyl-salicylidene-bis-ethylene diamine was synthetized using Mn(II) ions. The chemical structure was confirmed through 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the Bis-Schiff base and its complex were tested in comparison with Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin and Nystatin. Those compounds were found to be active against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, and had an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of Indomethacin.


Author(s):  
E.N. Kurmanova ◽  
E.V. Ferubko ◽  
L.B. Strelkova ◽  
R.K. Kurmanov ◽  
O.P. Sheichenko

Змееголовник молдавский (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) в народной медицине используется в качестве противовоспалительного, ранозаживляющего, отхаркивающего и седативного средства. В ФГБНУ ВИЛАР разработан змееголовника молдавского травы экстракт сухой под условным названием «Люкатил» (сумма фенольных соединений 64,12% в пересчёте на цинарозид). Цель работы - изучение острой токсичности и противовоспалительной активности экстракта змееголовника для разработки на его основе лекарственного препарата. Методика. Проведено определение параметров острой токсичности и противовоспалительной активности экстракта. При изучении острой токсичности экстракта по методу Кербера использованы белые нелинейные мыши-самцы в количестве 30 особей. «Люкатил» вводили животным внутрижелудочно в дозах 500, 1000, 1500 и 2000 мг/кг. Для выявления противовоспалительной активности экстракта змееголовника молдавского использована in vitro ферментная биотест-система на основе индуцибельной NO-синтазы. Для выявления противовоспалительной активности экстракта in vivo использованы нелинейные мыши-самцы. Оценку влияния экстракта в дозе 200 мг/кг на экссудативную стадию воспаления проводили на модели 1% формалинового отёка. В качества препарата сравнения использовали индометацин (5 мг/кг). Формалиновый отёк вызывали однократным субплантарным введением под апоневроз задней правой лапки мыши 0,05 мл 1% формалина в качестве флогогенного агента. Величину отёка определяли по разнице в массе лапок контрольных и опытных животных и рассчитывали процент снижения степени отёка. Результаты. При однократном введении экстракт «Люкатил» не приводил к гибели животных, изменения внешнего вида и поведенческих реакций мышей не наблюдалось. В соответствии с классификацией токсичности химических веществ по ГОСТ 12.1.007-76 «Люкатил» является малотоксичным веществом. In vitro установлена высокая противовоспалительная активность экстракта, при этом остаточная активность iNOS снижалась до 25%. Экстракт в дозе 200 мг/кг in vivo обладал статистически значимым противовоспалительным эффектом. Он подавлял развитие экссудативной фазы воспаления на 33,7%, по сравнению с контрольной группой животных, уступая противовоспалительному эффекту индометацина. Заключение. Змееголовника молдавского травы экстракт сухой под условным названием «Люкатил» является малотоксичным веществом, обладает выраженным противовоспалительным эффектом в опытах in vitro, in vivo и является перспективным объектом для дальнейшего фармакологического изучения в качестве противовоспалительного лекарственного средства.Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, expectorant, and sedative means. In our Institute, a Moldavian dragonhead herb dry extract (total phenolic content, 64.12% in cynaroside equivalent) was developed and conventionally named Lyukatil. Objective. To study acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the dragonhead extract for developing a drug based on this extract. Method. Parameters of acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of the extract were assessed. The study of acute toxicity of the extract was performed using the Kerber method on male white mongrel mice (n=30). Lyukatil was administered to the animals intragastrically at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 1500 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity of the Moldavian dragonhead extract was determined in vitro using an enzyme Biotest system based on inducible NO synthase. Mongrel male mice were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract in vivo. The effect of the extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg on the exudative phase of inflammation was evaluated on a model of 1% formalin-induced edema. Indomethacin 5 mg/kg was used as a reference drug. Formalin edema was induced by a single subplantar injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin as a phlogogenic agent under the aponeurosis of the right hind leg. The degree of edema was determined by the difference in leg weights in control and experimental animals; then the decrease in edema was calculated in per cent. Results. A single administration of the extract Lyukatil did not cause death of animals, changes in the appearance or in behavioral responses, shortness of breath, or drowsiness. In accordance with the toxicity classification for chemical substances as per GOST Standard 12.1.007-76, Lyukatil is a low-toxic substance. The extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect as shown by suppression of the exudative phase of formalin-induced inflammation by 33.7% compared to the control group. However, this effect was inferior to the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin. Conclusions. The Moldavian dragonhead herb dry extract under the conventional name of Lyukatil is a low-toxic substance that has a significant anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising target for further pharmacological studies as an anti-inflammatory drug.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 019-032
Author(s):  
Nkundineza JC ◽  
Nsonde Ntandou GF ◽  
Boumba LS ◽  
Kibamgou S ◽  
Motondo E ◽  
...  

Brenania brieyi (Rubiaceae) is widely used in traditional Congolese medicine in the treatment of many pathologies that are manifested by inflammation, pain and fever. The objective of this study was to study the acute toxicity as well as to evaluate the antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of Brenania brieyibark on models of pyrexia, algesia and inflammation induced in rodents. The aqueous extract of Brenania brieyidoes not cause any mortality up to the dose of 4000 mg/kg, but promotes a slight increase in body weight. From 2000 mg/kg, the signs of toxicity observed were the significant decrease in mobility as well as the loss of alertness. At doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic Brenania brieyiextracts showed a very significant anti-inflammatory effect (***p< 0.001) on edemas induced by carrageenin (1%), formaldehyde (2.5%) and histamine (1 mg/mL), greater than that of diclofenac at 10 mg/kg. At 200 mg/kg, both extracts showed a very significant analgesic effect (***p< 0.001), greater than that of paracetamol 100 mg/kg against pain induced by acetic acid 0.6% and formaldehyde 2.5%. Brenania brieyiwas slightly effective in the tail flick test. Brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia was reduced by both extracts. However, the hydro-ethanolic extract proves to be more effective than the aqueous extract in all the tests carried out. These pharmacological effects would be related to the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, oses and saponosides.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hidayah Ayodeji Olumoh-Abdul ◽  
◽  
Rashidat Oluwafunke Ayanniyi ◽  
Fatimoh Idowu Ojuade ◽  
Remilekun Justina Agbana ◽  
...  

Background: Turraea vogelii has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments including wounds, stomach aches, malaria, infections, filariasis cutaneous, among others and, it serves as source of food. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutraceuticals content and topical anti-inflammatory effect of hydro-methanol twig extract of Turraea vogelii (METV). Method: METV was obtained using cold maceration with water and methanol in ratio 30:70. The concentration of vitamins A, C and E, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were evaluated by UV spectrophotometric method. Phenol and xylene-induced ear edema was used to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Results: The concentration of vitamins A, C and E was found to be 0.113 0.006, 9.303 0.012 and 0.020 0.001 mg in 100g of dried plant materials, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 0.281 0.318 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 0.112 mg/g quercetin equivalent, respectively. Topical application of METV at a dose of 25 and 50mg/ear in xylene-induced ear edema produced significant inhibition (P<0.05) of 33 and 54% while in phenol-induced ear edema was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by 44% and 34%. Dexamethasone (0.1mg/ear) produced an inhibition of 83% and 57% in phenol-induced ear edema. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that Turraea vogelii twigs contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which may be responsible for the topical anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract.


2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragos Paul Mihai ◽  
Oana Cristina Seremet ◽  
Georgiana Nitulescu ◽  
Maria Ivopol ◽  
Ani-Simona Sevastre ◽  
...  

The aim of this work was to assess the analgesic effect of three Vitis vinifera L. leaf extracts and the anti-inflammatory effect of three gels obtained from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seed extracts using animal models, as a preliminary study for the future development of topical preparations based on the combination of extracts with synergistic therapeutic effects on hemorrhoid disease. The analgesic effect was determined by means of the writhing test in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined after administration of carrageenan or kaolin in the rat paw. Extraction using glycerol yielded the highest amounts of flavonoids for both V. vinifera leaves (37.27 ± 1.174 mg/L) and A. hippocastanum seeds (53.48 ± 0.212 mg/L). The highest total phenolic contents were registered for the V. vinifera 20% ethanolic extract (615.3 ± 34.44 mg/L) and for the A. hippocastanum glycerolic extract (247.8 ± 6.991 mg/L). The writhing test revealed that the V. vinifera ethanolic extract induced the most efficient analgesia (57.20%, p < 0.01), better than that induced by the positive control. In the carrageenan inflammation model, only the gel obtained from the A. hippocastanum glycerolic extract significantly reduced paw edema (17.27%, p < 0.05). An anti-inflammatory effect was also observed in the kaolin inflammation model but was not statistically significant (10.12%, p > 0.05). Our findings indicate that V. vinifera and A. hippocastanum extracts may have potential uses for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with hemorrhoid disease.


2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
O. P. Maidebura ◽  
N. I. Korylchuk ◽  
A. V. Kravetska

Spices and condiments are natural biotechnological agents that exhibit therapeutic activity in the collection of free radicals formed due to oxidative stress, thereby exhibiting both antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of the article is a scientific-theoretical and experimental review of the use of spices and condiments as natural antioxidants and anticancer factors, their therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders and overweight.Materials and methods. During the work, an experimental study of the anti-inflammatory effect of a mixture of spices on metabolism in humans (men) with overweight, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders.Results and discussion. The study revealed a change in triglyceride levels between treatment groups, and an estimated 13 subjects gave a TG difference of (15 ± 32) mg / dL (mean ± SD) with 80 % potency (α = 0.05). Quantitative assessment of inflammatory responses was performed in 22 subjects because it was not possible to collect enough blood to perform the tests needed to assess inflammatory cytokine secretion and triglyceride levels.Study participants ate foods such as foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates 1000 kcal, containing 33 % kcal saturated fats and 36% kcal carbohydrates without additional spices; food containing 2 g of a mixture of spices; food containing 6 g of spice mixture, with a washout period ≥ 3 days between days of intervention. The study shows that the percentage of monocytes increased significantly in circulation 240 minutes after eating food containing spices.The study found that the consumption of spices can reduce the negative effects of foods that contain significant levels of carbohydrates and fats in food. Conclusions. A diet containing a mixture of spices was developed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of spices in the context of food consumption, and for this purpose spices were chosen that are widely used for daily consumption in the human diet.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809
Author(s):  
Bat-Erdene Jargalsaikhan ◽  
Narangerel Ganbaatar ◽  
Myadagbadam Urtnasan ◽  
Nyamdolgor Uranbileg ◽  
Dagvatseren Begzsuren

Polyherbal formulation (PHF) is composed of Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz, Saussurea salicifolia L. and Hippophae rhamnoides L., which mainly used for inflammatory disorders in traditional Mongolian medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PHF in carrageenan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced models of inflammation. The total active constituents of 20% ethanol extract of PHF was determined, using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride reagent, respectively. Inflammation models were induced by 1% carrageenan and LPS 7.5 mg/kg in the experimental groups. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) were measured in PHF pretreatment groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lungs were harvested and evaluated for histopathological assessment on 12 hours after LPS administration. The content of total phenolic was 28.5±0.12 mg/g and flavonoids 12.4±0.42 mg/g. After 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min, the data indicate that PHF 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg was significantly effective reducing paw edema volumes induced by carrageenan compared to control (p<0.01). PHF pretreatment significantly reduced levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at 300 minutes after carrageenan injection. Moreover, pretreated with PHF 150 mg/kg groups serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB-1 were significantly (p<0.01) reduced compared with the control group after LPS injection. It showed less inflammation and change of pulmonary structure compared with the LPS group at 12 hours after LPS injection. From the results of the study, it was demonstrated that PHF had sufficient potential to treat inflammatory disorders by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Jin Shang ◽  
Mingyi Qin ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
...  

Polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids (PMI-PUFAs) are emerging functional lipids with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, a typical PMI-PUFA, sciadonic acid (C20:3, 5c 11c 14c), was enriched in the kernel oil of Torreya fargesii (T. fargesii) by fractionation. Fractionated kernel oil of T. fargesii (containing 25% sciadonic acid) showed equal stability and similar radical scavenging ability compared with the non-fractionated oil. In anti-inflammatory tests, fractionated kernel oil was shown to inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE-5, efficiency 80% at 133.7 μg/mL) and lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5, efficiency 65% at 66.7 μg/mL) more effectively than the non-fractionated oil. This shows that increasing the amount of sciadonic acid can enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of the kernel oil. This research also indicates that fractionation is a feasible way to obtain sciadonic acid–rich functional oil with potential pharmacological effects.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142
Author(s):  
Ahmed Algazeery ◽  
Ashraf S. El-Sayed ◽  
Fatma M El-Deeb ◽  
Nomier MA

Despite the remarkable progress in selecting the chemotherapeutic drugs, most are expensive and associated with many adverse effects targeting both cancer and normal cells. The using of polyphenols as natural materials for chemoprevention is considered a promising approach in reducing the tumor proliferation.This study aims to investigate whether a difference between the use of green tea and its component Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) in treatment and protection against tumor. Sixty female Swiss albino mice weighted 20–22 g divided into 6 groups (n=10).The tumor suppression of green tea and EGCG was mirrored by evaluating their antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effect on tumor markers and DNA integrity.Our results showed that the administration of EGCG showed a significant elevation of both antioxidants and anti-inflammatory markers in serum of EAC-bearing animals and revealed its high curative power to protect than treat tumor growth. Moreover, genomic DNA fragmentations assay present EGCG as a modulatory agent in keeping genome integrity.The administration of green tea and its major constituent EGCG showed a significant a potent protective role in suppressing tumor proliferation than its use in treatment due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect and maintaining the integrity of underlying genomic DNA that make it a strong barrier which arrest the process of oncogensis.


Author(s):  
Narin Kakatum ◽  
Papawee Sookdee ◽  
Thanaporn Phromhan ◽  
Ilham Hamai ◽  
Natphapat Supatsaraphokin

This research is a study on the development of innovative clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extract product. The purposes of this research are as follows. Firstly, the research is to develop a clay mask product mixed with natural extracts from the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Secondly, it is aimed to study on the antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, antimicrobial effect and total Phenolic contents of the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. Thirdly, it is tostudy stability of the product. Finally, the research is to study on the calculation of suitable product formulations for clay products mixed with Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts. By starting from the selection of raw materials, the extracts are prepared to determine the total phenolic content. Later, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay method is conducted for antioxidant activity test, followed by anti-inflammatory effect test (Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity test, inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-α secretion test and Anti-inflammatory activity test (COX-2). Afterwards, a suitable formulation is developed. The test for the safety and physical properties of the product is then carried out followed by the skin irritation test in a group of 10 volunteers in order to ensure that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts is effective and safe. From the results of the product stability study, the findings indicated that the clay mask product containing Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts did not show any phase separation. The irritation test in 10 volunteers after 12 hours of using the product showed no sign of allergic reaction, itching or irritation. Toxicity test results found no cytotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory effect test was found to have potent anti-inflammatory properties, when tested in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell. This study is only for the development of an innovative product of skin clay mask mixed with the Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl extracts.


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