scholarly journals Ethanolic Extracts of the Gongronema latifolium Stem and Leaves Caused Mild Renal Injury and Modulated Serum Triglycerides in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5045-5053
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

Gongronema latifolium is a tropical plant with verse traditionally and medicinal uses in mostly Africa and Asia. In this work, we determined the biochemical effects of G. latifolium ethanolic extracts in male Wistar rats. The G. latifolium stem and leaves were air-dried separately, macerated, and extracted in 80 % ethanol. The Wistar rats were assigned into three groups randomly; control was administered distilled water, the treatment groups respectively were given 200 mg/kg bw of the extracts of leaves or stem for twenty-eight (28) days. Data showed that the rat serum ALT and ALP activities were lower in the extract-treated group than in the control group administered distilled water. In the rat liver, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in biochemical parameters compared to the control group as the extract-treated group showed a reduction in ALT, AST, and ALP activities. Meanwhile, the oral administration of the G. latifolium extracts led to the elevated (p<0.05) level of serum urea, while the serum triglycerides and creatinine levels were reduced compared with the control. Together, the data suggest that G. latifolium extracts at the doses tested had minimal renal toxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Aluminium Sulphates on Weight and Structure of Adrenal Gland of Adult Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Abodunrin V. K ◽  
Fakunle P. B ◽  
Saka O. S ◽  
Abijo A. Z ◽  
Akinboro A. D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Group B

This study evaluated the effects of aluminum sulphate exposure on the histology of adrenal gland of Wistar rats. Thirty adult Wistar rats were used for this study. The Wister rats were divided into three groups; group A was the control animals and tagged C, group B animals received 10g of alum dissolved in 1000cm3 of distilled water and were tagged T1, group C animals received 50g of alum dissolved in 1000cm3of distilled water and were tagged T2, via drinking water for duration of four weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The adrenal gland was excised and preserved in 10 % formosaline after which it was routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Histological observations showed normal cell distribution in the control group but treated group revealed evidences of cellular obliteration& hemorrhagic necrosis. The results obtained from this study suggest that aluminum sulphate has a damaging effect on the structure of the adrenal gland.

scholarly journals Effect of an extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Maria de Carvalho Xavier Holanda ◽  
Monique Batista da Costa ◽  
Natália Chilinque Zambão da Silva ◽  
Maurício Ferreira da Silva Júnior ◽  
Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

PURPOSE: Aloe vera is a tropical plant popularly known in Brazil as babosa. We have investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 and laboratorial parameters in Wistar rats. METHODS: Twelve animals were divided into treated and control groups. In the treated group, Aloe vera was given by gavage (5mg/mL/day) during 10 days. The control group received sorbitol by the same way and period. One hour after the last dose, we injected 0.1mL of Na99mTcO4 by orbital plexus. After 60 min, all the animals were killed. Samples were harvested from the brain, liver, heart, muscle, pancreas, stomach, femur, kidneys, blood, testis and thyroid and the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI/g) was determined. Biochemical dosages were performed. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of %ATI/g in blood, femur, kidneys, liver, stomach, testis and thyroid and also in blood levels of AST and ALT. A significant decrease in levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea occurred. The statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney test and T-Student test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Aloe vera facilitated the uptake of Na99mTcO4 in organs of rats and it was responsible to a high increase of levels of AST and ALT.

scholarly journals The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, and Thiazolidinediones on Bone Histomorphometry in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Postmenopausal Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Derya Köseoğlu ◽  
Gülnur Take ◽  
Banu Aktaş Yılmaz ◽  
Erdal Kan ◽  
Nuri Çakır
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease with low bone mass and bone microarchitectural disorganization. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) increase insulin sensitivity through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). One of the most important side effects of this drugs is its effects on bone, especially in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin, and TZDs on bone in postmenopausal Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen postmenopausal Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (i) control group, (ii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group without treatment, (iii) Streptozotocin-induced DM group with insulin therapy, and (iv) Streptozotocin-induced DM group receiving rosiglitazone. Pictures of the obtained samples were taken under computer-equipped photo-light microscope, and bone tissue ratios were calculated in an area of 1 mm2. In this area, trabecular thicknesses were measured from six randomly selected regions. In addition, femoral neck regions were determined by measuring the farthest distance. Results: Compared to the control group, trabecular thicknesses were decreased in the uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone groups. In the rosiglitazone-treated group, trabecular thickness was decreased compared to the uncontrolled DM group. The histological examination of the bones showed that uncontrolled DM and rosiglitazone treatment negatively affected the osteoblast and osteocyte activity. Insulin-treated group had a similar histologic examination compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study showed that DM had unfavorable effects on bones, and rosiglitazone further exerts this effect. However, the negative effect of DM may be neutralized with the use of insulin. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bone, osteoporosis, bone histomorphometry, rosiglitazone, insulin, thiazolidinediones

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIAL OF AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION, NIROCIL SYRUP IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
DINESH DILIP GHADIGAONKAR ◽  
MUKESH B CHAWDA ◽  
KAPIL S THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Prior Approval ◽  
Hemagglutination Titer ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Objective: This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory potential of an Ayurvedic formulation, Nirocil syrup, in Wistar rats. Methods: The experiments were conducted on Wistar rats with prior approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Nirocil syrup was administered for 6 weeks to experimental animals. Parameters such as hemagglutination titer, histopathology of immunological organs, complete blood count, differential leukocyte count, and immunological paw edema were recorded and compared with controlled (untreated) and becozinc treated groups. Results: Nirocil treated group significantly enhanced the antibody titer in comparison to the control group. The results are supported by the increase in blood lymphocyte count and antigenic stimulation in immunological organs (spleen). Nirocil syrup enhanced antibody formation and suppressed the immunological edema in experimental animals. Conclusions: The study concludes that the Ayurvedic formulation Nirocil syrup has immunopotentiating activity.

scholarly journals Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 16984-16996
Author(s):  
MMC Anyakudo ◽  
◽  
DO Adeniji ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formulated Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C on Endosulfan-induced oxidative stress parameters in prepubertal rats

Biomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Kalaivani Manokaran ◽  
Vasanthalaxmi Krishnananda Rao ◽  
Nilima . ◽  
Manjula Shimoga Durgoji Rao ◽  
Sucheta Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Testicular Weight

Introduction and Aim: Oxidative stress plays a very important role in endosulfan-induced toxic effects on reproductive organs. Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant which plays an important role in decreasing oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin C against endosulfan-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats. To investigate a protective effect of vitamin C against endosulfan induced toxicity on biochemical changes. Materials and Methods: Seventy male neonatal Wistar rats were divided into  seven groups. The group  I was taken as the control group, the endosulfan-treated were grouped into II (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) and group III (6 mg/kg BW), Group IV (9 mg/kg BW) and Group V (12 mg/kg BW). Group VI (9 mg/kg BW) and group VII (12 mg/kg BW) were pretreated with vitamin C (20 mg/kg BW) for 60 days. After  the experimental procedures, the testicular weight, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and testosterone in plasma, LDH, steroidogenic enzymes 3?-HSD and 17?-HSD in testis were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance. Results: Significant improvement in the testicular weight (P<0.05) , LDH (P<0.05) levels both in plasma and testis, increase in testosterone(P<0.001) and steroidogenic enzyme levels(P<0.001) was observed in the group pretreated with vitamin C treated group when compared to the endosulfan treated group. Conclusion: Vitamin C decreases the toxic effect of endosulfan on testis. The present action might be  due to its antioxidative properties.

GASTRO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF FLOWERS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (L.) IN MUCOSAL LESION ON RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
K. K Agrawal ◽  
A. Verma ◽  
K Singh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gastric Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Ulcer Model

study was conducted to evaluate the gastro-protective activity of aqueous (HAE) and ethanolic (HEE) extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. (Malvaceae) flowers in experimental animals. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were investigated for pylorus ligation and indomethacin induced ulcer models in albino wistar rats. The pH, gastric volume, ulcer index, ulcer score and free and total acidity were determined by pylorus ligation induced ulcer model and ulcer score, ulcer index and percentage protection were determined by Indomethacin induced ulcer model. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts were conducted for and it showed that extracts have alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and mucilage. Both the extracts at dose of 200 and 400mg/kg showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in gastric volume (1.20±0.17, 0.83±0.20, 0.90±0.12, 0.96±0.17) and ulcer index (1.50±0.19, 1.33±0.11, 2.16±0.03, 0.75±0.17, 0.92±0.22, 0.31±0.04, 0.42±0.06, 0.19±0.04) as compared to the control group (1.47±0.15, 3.00±0.21, 1.64±0.13) in both of the models. It can be concluded that both the extracts possess gastro-protective activity that might be due the presence of flavanoids, tannins and/or mucilage.

scholarly journals Effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica Gum in Experimental Periodontitis Induced in Wistar Rats by Utilization of Osteoclastogenic Bone Markers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5819
Author(s):  
Shokhan H. Azeez ◽  
Shanaz M. Gaphor ◽  
Aram M. Sha ◽  
Balkees T. Garib
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Serum Rankl

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica kurdica (EOK) gel in treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and its effect on osteoclastogenic bone markers. Twenty-four male Wistar rats of 250 to 350 g were used in this study and were allocated into four groups. Control negative (without induced periodontitis), control positive (induced experimental periodontitis left without treatment), treatment control (induced experimental periodontitis and treated with Chlorhexidine gel) and EOK treated group (induced experimental periodontitis treated with EOK gel). The animals were sacrificed after 30 days, and the mandibular central incisor and surrounding tissue were dissected from the mandible and further processed for preparing H&E slides. Inflammatory cells, osteoclast cells, and periodontal ligament (PDL) were examined and measured histologically. Finally, the mean concentrations of both markers, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and (Interleukin-1β) IL-1β, were analyzed by ELISA. A significant reduction of inflammatory reaction and osteoclast numbers with improvement of PDL and low mean concentrations of RANKL and IL-1β were seen in the EOK treated group in comparison to the control group and the chlorhexidine group as well. The extract showed a protective effect in the healing of periodontitis that had been induced in rats and decreased bone resorption by down regulation of serum RANKL and IL-1β markers.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF POTASH ADMINISTRATION ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF PREGNANT WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
VIDONA WB ◽  
ADUEMA WADIONI ◽  
AKUNNEH-WARISO C ◽  
AMAH AK
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pregnant Animal ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: Potash known as potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a mixture of salt with other components, including impurities which coexist in mineral and salt is highly consumed in various forms by pregnant women. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of potash on the weight index of pregnant Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 25 albino Wistar rat with weights ranging from 180 to 300 g were used and allocated into five groups of five animals each (four females and one male) designated as Groups A, B, C, D, and E. The experimental Groups B, C, D, and E were administered through oral route different doses of potash of 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, after pregnancy was detected by checking for mucus plug in the vagina. Group A served as the control group and was administered distilled water only. The animals were allowed for 1 week for acclimatization under normal temperature (270–300°C), which they were being fed with normal feed (grower’s mash) and water ad libitum for 1 week. Results: The result showed a significant (p˂0.05) reduction in weight with the highest level seen with the 1200 mg/kg group when compared to the control. Conclusion: Therefore, the effect of potash alters the physical activity and decreases weight, by implication may induce growth retardation of the Wistar rats which is not healthy for a pregnant animal.

scholarly journals Nociceptive and Neuronal Evaluation of the Sciatic Nerve of Wistar Rats Subjected to Compression Injury and Treated with Resistive Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sobral Antunes ◽  
Keli Lovison ◽  
Jhenifer Karvat ◽  
Ana Luiza Peretti ◽  
Lizyana Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration

Background. To investigate the climb stairs resistance exercise on nociception and axonal regeneration in the sciatic nerve of rats.Methods. 24 Wistar rats were divided: control group (CG—no injury), exercise group (EG—no injury with physical exercise), lesion group (LG—injury, but without exercise), and treated group (LEG—injury and physical exercise). LG and LEG were subjected to sciatic nerve compression with hemostat. From the 3rd day after injury began treatment with exercise, and after 22 days occurs the removal of a nerve fragment for morphological analysis.Results. Regarding allodynia, CG obtained values less than EG(p=0.012)and larger than LG and LEG(p<0.001). Histological results showed that CG and EG had normal appearance, as LG and LEG showed up with large amounts of inflammatory infiltration, degeneration and disruption of nerve fibers, and reduction of the myelin sheath; however LEG presented some regenerated fibers. From the morphometric data there were significant differences, for nerve fiber diameter, comparing CG with LG and LEG and comparing axon diameter and the thickness of the myelin of the CG to others.Conclusion. Climb stairs resistance exercise was not effective to speed up the regenerative process of axons.

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