scholarly journals Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing antibiotic with oxidation processes by metallic catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3853-3859
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rotation Rate ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Copper Catalysts ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Red Color ◽  
First Time

Pharmaceuticals have turned in to a major class of contaminants due to their widespread usage and known biological effects. Rifampin is known as an antibiotic with a strong red color. It is used in the treatment of many infectious, especially tuberculosis. If it is used in subtherapeutic concentrations, it can lead to drug resistance in the microbial population. Thus, it is essential to remove its low concentrations from the wastewater to inhibit resistance in a pathogenic microorganism and save its effectiveness against tuberculosis. In the present research, the “Oxidation process by metallic catalysts” method, which consisted of zinc and copper, was employed for the first time in order to remove Rifampin from pharmaceutical wastewater. Variables including the total amount of zinc and copper catalysts, the ratio of the catalysts, duration of the reaction, rotation rate, temperature, and the pH considered and evaluated. It revealed that 0.154 mL of the total amount of the mixture of zinc and copper at the ratio of 70:30 in 100 ml of 40-ppm Rifampin solution, in the neutral pH and at ambient temperature (around 25ºc) and rotation rate, could decrease the concentration of Rifampin to 1 ppm after 120 minutes. The catalysts could be used many times in order to remove the Rifampin from fresh wastewater. It was also shown that 96.4% of Rifampin could be removed from handmade Rifampin solutions and actual wastewater with 70% zinc and 30% copper in 600 rpm, the neutral pH, and the ambient temperature for 120 minutes. The catalysts could be used repeatedly to remove the Rifampin from fresh wastewater.

The Influence of Ultra-Low Concentrations of Potassium Anphen on the Bioenergetic Characteristics of Mitochondria

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
Zhigacheva Irina ◽  
Volodkin Aleksandr ◽  
Rasulov Maksud
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range

Background: One of the main sources of ROS in stress conditions is the mitochondria. Excessive generation of ROS leads to oxidation of thiol groups of proteins, peroxidation of membrane lipids and swelling of the mitochondria. In this regard, there is a need to search for preparationsadaptogens that increase the body's resistance to stress factors. Perhaps, antioxidants can serve as such adaptogens. This work aims at studying the effect of antioxidant; the potassium anphen in a wide range of concentrations on the functional state of 6 day etiolated pea seedlings mitochondria (Pisum sativum L). Methods: The functional state of mitochondria was studied per rates of mitochondria respiration, by the level of lipid peroxidation and study of fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes by chromatography technique. Results: Potassium anphen in concentrations of 10-5 - 10-8 M and 10-13-10-16 prevented the activation of LPO in the mitochondrial membranes of pea seedlings, increased the oxidation rates of NAD-dependent substrates and succinate in the respiratory chain of mitochondria that probably pointed to the anti-stress properties of the drug. Indeed, the treatment of pea seeds with the preparation in concentrations of 10-13 M prevented the inhibition of growth of seedlings in conditions of water deficiency. Conclusion: It is assumed that the dose dependence of the biological effects of potassium anphen and the manifestation of these effects in ultra-low concentrations are due to its ability in water solutions to form a hydrate containing molecular ensembles (structures).

Ambient Temperature as a Strong Zeitgeber of Circadian Rhythms in Response to Temperature Sensitivity and Poor Heat Dissipation Abilities in Subterranean African Mole-Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042110342
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Hart ◽  
Barry van Jaarsveld ◽  
Kiara G. Lasch ◽  
Kerryn L. Grenfell ◽  
Maria K. Oosthuizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Photic Entrainment ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Intimate Link ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
First Time

Mammals have evolved circadian rhythms in internal biological processes and behaviors, such as locomotor activity (LA), to synchronize to the environmental conditions they experience. Photic entrainment of LA has been well established; however, non-photic entrainment, such as ambient temperature ( Ta), has received much less attention. To address this dearth of knowledge, we exposed two subterranean endothermic-homeothermic African mole-rat species, the solitary Cape mole-rat ( Georychus capensis [GC]) and social Mahali mole-rat ( Cryptomys hottentotus mahali [CHM]), to varying Ta cycles in the absence of light. We showed that the LA rhythms of these two species entrain to Ta cycles and that the majority of LA occurred during the coolest 12-h period. LA confined to the coolest Ta periods may be the direct consequence of the poor heat dissipation abilities of African mole-rats brought about by physiological and ecological constraints. Recently, it has been hypothesized that Ta is only a strong zeitgeber for circadian rhythms in species whose thermoregulatory abilities are sensitive to changes in Ta (i.e., heterotherms and ectotherms), which previously has excluded endothermic-homeothermic mammals. However, this study demonstrates that Ta is a strong zeitgeber or entrainer for circadian rhythms of LA in subterranean endothermic-homeothermic mammals as a consequence of their sensitivity to changes in Ta brought about by their poor heat dissipation abilities. This study reinforces the intimate link between circadian rhythms and thermoregulation and conclusively, for the first time, provides evidence that Ta is a strong zeitgeber for endothermic-homeothermic mammals.

Extractives in Betula celtiberica stemwood and isolation and identification of diarylheptanoids in the hydrophilic extract

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika I. Smeds ◽  
René Herrera ◽  
Jani Rahkila ◽  
Stefan M. Willför
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Exact Mass ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Hydrophilic Extract ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Interesting Compound ◽  
Flame Ionisation

Abstract In Betula celtiberica (Iberian white birch) stemwood, the content and composition of lipophilic and hydrophilic extractives were determined; these have not been reported previously in this species. The total gravimetric amount of extractives was 2.2% of dry wood, of which lipophilic extractives accounted for 0.39% and hydrophilic extractives 1.84% (determined by gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection [GC–FID]). The lipophilic extract contained mainly triterpenoids and steroids. The hydrophilic extract (acetone–water 95:5 v v−1) contained mainly sugars, compounds not eluting on GC, and a large number of unidentified compounds, which accounted for 0.87% of dry wood and dominated the extract. The compounds were isolated from the extract by silica column chromatography and further purified. GC–electron impact (EI)-MS of the silylated compounds showed characteristic mass fragments that suggested them to be diarylheptanoids (DAHs). This is an interesting compound group, as many of them have shown a large variety of beneficial biological effects. Of over 80 detected DAHs, the exact mass of 17 compounds was determined by electrospray ionisation-quadrupole-time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF)-MS, and of these, the structure of 11 compounds was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). One was a meta,para-bridged diphenylether and 10 were meta,meta-bridged biphenyls, of which one, 3,8,9,17-tetrahydroxy-[7,0]-metacyclophane, has not been described previously. Because of low concentrations, 21 DAHs were only tentatively identified, and of these, as many as 17 seem to be previously undescribed compounds.

scholarly journals Effect of Pectin on the processing and preservation of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) jam and jelly

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
K Monalisa ◽  
MM Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Red Color

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of different concentration of pectin and its dissipation from processing to storage of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) jam and jelly. The fruits were collected from local market of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The analysis showed juice contains acidity 1.14±0.01 %, total sugar 0.61±0.06 %, TSS 8.98±0.03 % and pulp restrain acidity 01.02±0.01 %, total sugar 5.04±0.06 %, and TSS 8.57±1.36 %. Jam and jelly were prepared with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% pectin. Potassium metabisulphate (KMS) was added as preservative in a required quantity. Study showed pectin do not significantly interact with quality attributes of processed product. During six month of storage at ambient temperature (27°C to 34°C) no mentionable changes were found. But PH of the products (jam and jelly) was slightly increased. At six month red color of 0.5 % pectin containing jam slightly faded and cohesiveness of 1% and 0.5 % pectin containing jelly considerably changed. A taste panel consisting 10 panelists adjudged the acceptability of the samples. The consumer’s preferences were measured by statistical analysis. Among the samples, both jam and jelly made with 1.5% pectin was commended as best product by the panelists at p<0.05. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10877 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(1): 08-14

Catalytic Decomposition of Analgin Pharmaceutical Wastewater in Supercritical Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiting Feng ◽  
Lixia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Catalytic Treatment ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this paper, hydrogen production by catalytic treatment of analgin pharmaceutical wastewater was systematically investigated in supercritical water (SCW) with a continuous reactor for the first time. The effect of sodium salts on the decomposition of analgin pharmaceutical wastewater in supercritical water was investigated in a continuous reactor. The results showed that NaHCO

scholarly journals Measuring Thiols in Single Cultivar South African Red Wines Using 4,4-Dithiodipyridine (DTDP) Derivatization and Ultraperformance Convergence Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mpho Mafata ◽  
Maria Stander ◽  
Baptiste Thomachot ◽  
Astrid Buica
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Varietal Thiols ◽  
Cultivar Differentiation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ionization Methods

Wine varietal thiols are important contributors to wine aroma. The chemical nature of thiols makes them difficult to measure due to low concentrations, high sensitivity to oxidation, and low ionization. Methods for the measurement of thiols usually consist of multiple steps of sample preparation followed by instrumental measurement. Studies have collected large datasets of thiols in white wine but not in red wine, due to the lack of availability of suitable methods. In this study, for the first time, convergence chromatography was used to measure thiols in red wine at ultratrace levels with improved sensitivity compared to previous methods. Performance parameters (selectivity, linearity, limits of detection, precision, accuracy) were tested to demonstrate the suitability of the method for the proposed application. Red wine thiols were measured in South African Pinotage, Shiraz, and Cabernet Sauvignon wines (n = 16 each). Cultivar differentiation using the thiol profile was demonstrated.

Modelling of microbial processes that govern degradation of organic substrates in soil, with special reference to pesticides

1990 ◽  
Vol 329 (1255) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Biokinetic Parameters ◽  
Soil Microbial Population ◽  
Kinetics Of

We tried to develop deterministic models for kinetics of 2,4-D breakdown in the soil based on the following considerations: (i) at low concentrations degradation results from maintenance consumption by a large fraction of the soil microbial population; (ii) at high concentration in addition to the maintenance consumption there is a growth-associated carbon incorporation by a small specific microbial population. Values for the biokinetic parameters are consistent with those commonly found in the literature. Comparison between observed and simulated curves suggests that a non-negligible part of the pesticidal carbon exists as microbial by-products.

Directly decorated CeY zeolite for O2-selective adsorption in O2/N2 separation at ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanbang Liu ◽  
Danhua Yuan ◽  
Liping Yang ◽  
Jiacheng Xing ◽  
Shu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
First Time

The traditional zeolites used in air separation are generally N2-selective adsorbents. It was found for the first time that the O2/N2 adsorption selectivity can be reversed by directly decorating the...

Mode of Action of the Hypertrehalosaemic Peptides from the American Cockroach

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 670-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Gäde
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Although crude extracts of cockroach (Periplaneta amencana) corpora cardiaca have been shown previously to affect the activity of adenylate cyclase and phosphorylase, we demonstrate in the present study for the first time that low concentrations (0.5 to 5 pmol) of the synthetic myoactive peptides. M I and M II, also affect these systems; these myoactive peptides are identical to the hypertrehalosaemic hormones I and II, and cause an increase in the concentration of the second messenger cyclic AMP in the fat body.In addition, both octapeptides activate fat body glycogen phosphorylase and promote breakdown of fat body glycogen. Both peptides increase the levels to haemolymph carbohydrate in a dose-dependent manner.

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