scholarly journals Toxicodynamics of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” Combined Action under Prolonged Admission

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
O.P. Vasetska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Aqueous Emulsion ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Auxiliary Material

The combined action of pesticides is one of the problems of toxicology, because in comparison to individual active substances, their mixtures can increase toxicity and delayed action effects, which is a risk to human health. It is known that plant growth regulators (PGR) when applied together with pesticides help to reduce the quantitative rates of pesticides applied, the accumulation of pesticides and heavy metals in plants, reduce the acute toxicity of xenobiotics. The combined effect of the prolonged admission of PGRs and pesticides is an unexplored area, and it is an important issue in preventive toxicology. The Aim of the Research. Determination of the nature of toxic effects of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” combined action at subchronic oral admission. Materials and Methods. Chlorpyrifos and PGR “Ivin” (2.6-dimethyl-N-pyridine oxide) combined action was studied on male Wistar Han rats. Substances were administered orally, via a feeding tube for 13 weeks; Chlorpyrifos was administered in the form of an aqueous emulsion with an auxiliary material OP-10 at a dose of 5 mg/kg (1/15 LD50), “Ivin” — in the form of an aqueous solution at a dose of 13 mg/kg and 0.013 mg/kg (1/100 and 1/100000 LD50 respectively), the control group of rats was given water with an auxiliary material OP-10. Signs of intoxication were recorded, body weight was measured in 4, 9 and 13 weeks, biochemical indicators of blood serum were determined (the activity of ALT and AST enzymes and alkaline phosphatase; the content of crude protein, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were determined using kits of reagents by BioSystems (Spain); cholinesterase (ChE) activity in serum, red blood cells and brain tissue was determined with the use of methodology by Hesrtin S. using a kit of reagents produced by LLC NPP Filisit-Diagnostics (Ukraine). Results. No clinical signs of intoxication were detected in the experimental groups of rats. Under the isolated use of Chlorpyrifos a significant decrease in body weight, ChE inhibition activity in all bio substrates, with the greatest effect in the brain (by 48.8%); increase (after 9 and 13 weeks) in the activity of ALT and AST by 26.7–32.6%, 12.5–12.0%; a slight but a significant increase in the level of urea and glucose in blood serum to 17.3% and 17.6 %, respectively was detected. Under the combined action of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” in specified doses the body weight of rats was at control level, decrease of ChE activity was observed in all biological substrates and was at nearly the same level with the isolated use of Chlorpyrifos. There was a tendency towards the decline in ChE inhibition activity in brain tissue, and under the combined action of Chlorpyrifos with “Ivin” at higher doses after 4 weeks this effect was a significant (22.15%, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Chlorpyrifos under the isolated oral admission for 13 weeks has a weak hepatotoxic effect, as evidenced by the increase in cytolysis enzymes and urea levels in serum and causes a moderate anticholinesterase effect. “Ivin” under combined with Chlorpyrifos admission to the organism eliminates the hepatotoxic effects of Chlorpyrifos and reduces its anticholinergic effects in brain, which contributes to a less severe intoxication. Key Words: Chlorpyrifos, Ivin, hepatotoxic effect, anticholinesterase effect.

scholarly journals Influence of cadmium sulfate at different doses on the functional state of the liver of laying chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Ostapyuk ◽  
B. V. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cadmium Sulfate ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Different Doses

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of cadmium sulfate in different doses on the organism of poultry. Absorbed cadmium accumulates in the liver as a complex with metallothionein. The purpose of the work was to find out the effect of cadmium sulfate in doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg of body weight on the functional state of the liver of chicken. For research, three groups of birds were formed: control and two experimental. The control group of chickens were in the usual diet, they were fed with forage and were given water without introducing cadmium sulfate. To the drinking water of chickens of experimental groups for 30 days, added cadmium sulfate in doses: the first group – 2 mg/kg, the second group – 4 mg/kg body weight. The conditions for keeping chickens and the microclimate parameters in the room for all bird groups were similar. Blood from the chickens was taken from the subclavian vein in periods: before the dasg was given and on the first, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first and thirtieth day of the experiment. It was determined that the presentation of cadmium sulfate in doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg of body weight of cows, which contributed to a violation of the functional state of the liver, as evidenced by the increased activity of aminotransferases in their blood serum. The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase was higher in serum of blood of chickens in the second experimental group at 21st and 30th days of the experiment. The high activity of aminotransferases in the blood serum of chickens for cadmium loading indicates destructive processes in the liver that cause an increase in the release of aminotransaminases from cellular organelles in the blood of experimental poultry. Thus, the obtained results indicate an increase in destructive processes in the body of chickens for cadmium loading.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary bee pollen intake on growth performance and biochemical indicators of rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Branislav Gálik ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
Milan Šimko ◽  
Miroslav Juráček ◽  
Marcela Capcarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of different daily intakes of rapeseed bee pollen on the growth and biochemical blood serum indicators in male and female rats. A total of 40 clinically healthy male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. In the control group (C) rats were fed a standard complete diet; in the experimental groups standard diets were supplemented with different doses of bee pollen. Treatment group T1 was given standard diet with the addition of bee pollen at a 0.3% concentration; in group T2 the addition was 0.5%; and in group T3 it was 0.75%. The experimental period lasted for 90 days. A significant effect (P < 0.05) of bee pollen on the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of female rats was found. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher cholesterol concentration in blood serum of male rats was found in the groups with bee pollen addition (groups T2 and T3) compared to the control group. Lower triglyceride serum content in all female experimental groups (T1 and T3) was observed in comparison to the control. Higher serum cholesterol content in the experimental female rats was detected; significant differences were analysed in groups T1 and T3 compared to the control female group. Rapeseed bee pollen at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75% positively affected the body weight gain of female rats, however, with higher feed consumption (P < 0.05). Rapeseed bee pollen reduced the triglycerides serum content in female rats and increased the cholesterol serum content in male and female rats (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Adaptation of the status of non-specific resistance of the ducks organism in stress conditions inclusion in the ration of probiotical additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (87) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
A.О. Krogh ◽  
I.A. Kolomiіets
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technological Stress

The article deals with the question of adaptation of the ducks organism during industrial cultivation for action of stress. The complex of successive stage reactions, caused by the functioning of stress-implementing systems, arise in the body of the poultry in response to the influence of destabilizing factors and aimed at neutralizing these factors, preservation of homeostasis. Increasing the influence of technological stress factors leads to a decrease in the immune status of the duck organism. The study of the effectiveness of incorporating into the diet ducks harmless feed additives, which contributes to the normalization of the course of adaptive-compensatory reactions in their body during the critical periods of postnatal ontogenesis and can serve as anti-stress prevention in conditions of industrial growth of this species of poultry remains relevant. The purpose of the work is to find out the implementation of an adaptation syndrome in the system of indices of non-specific resistance of the body of ducks when it is included in the diet of the biologically active feed supplement «Primix Bionorm K» and supplements «Biovir». The experiment was conducted on clinically healthy young ducks of the Pekin breed of egg production line. In the 270-day age, all three groups of ducks were modeled experimental technological stress in the form of prolonged transport. From 240 to 270 days of age, ducks additionally fed the additive «Primix Bionorm K» and was pouring with water an additive «Biovir». The material for research was blood, which was taken until morning feeding after slaughter on 240 days of life (to stress), 270 days of life (stage of anxiety), at 273 and 285 days (stages of resistance). Adaptation of the state of non-specific resistance of the duck of the control group to the control group under conditions of stress in the anxiety stage is characterized by an increase of 17.3% (Р < 0.05) of the value of the bactericidal activity of the blood serum, a decrease of 8.5% of the value of lysozyme activity of the blood serum, by 9.3% of phagocytic activity against the background of growth on 8.7% of the number of circulating immune complexes compared to 240-day-old poultry. At the stage of resistance there is a decrease in the amount of blood serum bactericidal activity by 17.3% (Р < 0.05), an increase in the activity of lysozyme in blood serum by 8.5%, and the number of immune complexes by 20.7% (Р < 0.05), with the stabilization of the studied parameters at the later stages of the development of a stress reaction. In these periods, a decrease in the body weight of control group ducks was set at 5.7 – 6.8%. Feeding of the additive «Primix Bionorm K» during the period of the implementation of the stress syndrome has a positive effect on the indices of the cellular and humoral level of nonspecific resistance in the form of an increase in the amount of bactericidal activity of the serum on 38.2% (P < 0.05), an increase in the activity of phagocytosis by 15.1% (P < 0.05), phagocytic index – by 36.1% (P < 0.05) with a decrease in the number of circulating immune complexes by 15.5%. The presentation of the additive «Biovir» causes an increase in the level of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum on 47.3% (P < 0.01) and 18.7% (P < 0.05). The use of additives can reduce the negative effect of transport stress in the duck body, increase nutrient uptake, as indicated by an increase in the body weight of experimental birds in the average by 7.1–10.5% (P < 0.05) during the development of the adaptive syndrome.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Possibilities for treating aspirin-i lesions of the stomach and duodenum in patients with chronic coronary heart disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Borovkova ◽  
M. V. Buyanova ◽  
T. E. Bakka ◽  
M. P. Nistratova ◽  
T. V. Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pge2 Level ◽  
Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽  
Chronic Coronary Heart Disease

To evaluate possibilities of aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy treatment in the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by means of applying the internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant.  Material and methods. 340 patients suffering from chronic coronary heart disease and receiving a long-term acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy were examined on the base of the cardiovascular care unit of The Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semaschko. There were evaluated frequency, nature and severity of the aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy. The patients with coronary heart disease and aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy were divided in two groups. In the first group of patients there was applied rebamipide therapy (in a single daily dose 300 mg) in combination with the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) — pantoprazole. In the second group there was applied only pantoprazole therapy. For the purpose of specification of AIG pathogenetic mechanisms development, all the examined chronic coronary heart disease cases were tested on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in blood serum before the therapy beginning and after the treatment. The control group was formed of chronic coronary heart disease patients showing no AIG evidence. Statistical processing of the received data was fulfilled with the program «Statistika 10.0». Results. AIG was registered in 15% out of 340 chronic coronary heart disease patients. According to the endoscopic examination erosive disease of the body and antrum prevailed among the patients. The PGE2 level in the blood serum was significantly lower (р = 0,00087) in these patients in comparison with the control group. In association with PPI and rebamipide mixed therapy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy results showed no pathological findings in gastrointestinal mucosa and statistically significant (р = 0,00067) blood serum PGE2 level growing in all the treated patients. As a result of exclusive PPI therapy there was marked positive dynamics in endoscopic view in 19 out of 25 patients and a tendency to normalization of PGE2 level in the blood serum. However, PGE2 level growing was insignificant. Conclusion. The presented research demonstrates the possibility of AIG treatment with the use of internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant — rebamipide in complex with proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy.

The Effect of Feeding Date Palm Fruit (Phoeix dactylifera L.) on Energy, Macronutrient, and Fiber Intakes of a Convenient Sample of Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277
Author(s):  
Hiba F. Al-Sayyed ◽  
Hamed R. Takruri ◽  
Nawal A. Bakir ◽  
Dima H. Takruri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Menstrual Status ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Background : Female menstrual changes in hormone concentration influence appetite and eating behavior. As well, eating pattern has some influences on menstrual hormonal status. Feeding date palm fruit has been found in our previous report to affect menstrual hormones and some menstrual parameters. Objective: The aim of this research is to study the effect of feeding dates on energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes, body weight, and body fat%. Additionally, this study aims to find any correlation between menstrual hormone concentration and the above-mentioned parameters. Methods: A convenient sample (n=37) of not-sexually active females aged 20-30 were divided into two groups; one group (dates group) was fed 7 dates and the other served as a control group. The participants of the control group were exposed to the same experimental conditions except for eating dates. Throughout the feeding trial, the volunteers filled a 3-day food record; one menses day and two non-menses days. Results: There was a significant effect of the menstrual status-feeding duration interaction in terms of protein and fat intakes. Additionally, menstrual status, as well as feeding duration, affected energy and macronutrient intakes significantly. Furthermore, feeding duration affected fiber intake significantly. Despite the above-mentioned differences in energy and macronutrient intakes, these effects didn’t affect the body weight and body mass index of the study participants, neither their body fat%. Moreover, we have found significant correlations between nutrient intakes and menstrual hormone concentration. Conclusion : Feeding dates affected energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes significantly. These effects were related to the changes in menstrual hormone concentration.

Effect of High Plane of Nutrition on Blood Biochemical Profile and Onset of Puberty in Prepubertal HF X Kankrej Crossbred Heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
K K Hadiya ◽  
A J Dhami ◽  
D V Chaudhari ◽  
P M Lunagariya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
The Mean

This study was initiated on 24 prepubertal Holstein x Kankrej crossbred heifers of nearly identical age (7-9 months) and body weight (130-140 kg) at University farm to evaluate the effect of high plane of nutrition on blood biochemical and minerals profile and the age at puberty. Twelve heifers were managed under routine farm feeding (control) and the rest 12 under ideal optimum feeding regime (treatment) that included extra 1 kg concentrate, 30 g min mix and ad-lib dry fodder. The body weight and ovarian ultrasonography together with blood sampling was carried out at monthly interval from 10 to 18 months of age to study the ovarian dynamics and blood biochemical changes. High plane of nutrition to growing heifers was beneficial in reducing the age of onset of puberty (by 2-3 months) compared to routine farm fed group. The mean plasma total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed a rising trend with significant variations from 10 to 16 months of age, where it got mostly stabilized indicating adult profile. The activity of enzymes GOT and GPT also rose gradually and significantly from 10 months till 14-15 months of age, and thereafter it remained more or less static till 18 months of age. The levels of both these enzymes were higher, with lower protein and cholesterol, in control than the treatment group from 15-16 months of age onwards. The mean plasma levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased gradually and significantly with advancing age till 16-17 months of age, with little higher values in supplemented than a control group. The plasma levels of zinc, iron, copper, and cobalt also showed rising trend with significant differences between 10th and 12th-14th months of age, and from 15th to 18th months of age the levels were statistically the same in all the groups with slightly higher values in the treatment group.

Significance of graded doses of aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera (L) on live body weight, gonadal, extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves of Yankasa rams

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract on live body weight, gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves of Yankasa rams. Twenty five apparently healthy Yankasa rams aged 1-2 years and weighing 19.0 ± 2.1 Kg were used for the study. The rams were randomly selected into five groups: A, B, C, D and E with five rams in each group as treatment and control groups respectively. Groups A - D were given oral dose of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract at a dose rate of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 (mg/kg), respectively while group E was given 10 ml/kg water orally, daily for five months. Live body weight, gonadal and extragonadal reserves were determined according to standard techniques. The results showed a significant increase in live body weight in the months of April to June among rams treated with different doses of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract compared with the control group. The control group showed no significant differences in the body weight, gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves. In conclusion, the treatment of Yankasa rams with Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract increased live body weight, but had no significant effects on gonadal and extragonadal dimensions and sperm reserves in Yankasa rams. Therefore, it is recommended that M. oleifera aqueous seed extract can be used at doses of 2000mg/kg to 3000mg/kg in Yankasa rams for optimum gain in live body weight.

A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sheela ◽  
R Vijayaraghavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Group ◽  
Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

scholarly journals THE USE OF BIOSTIMULANT FOR INCREASING THE BODY WEIGHT GAIN OF CHICKENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 800-812
Author(s):  
Ilgiz DOLININ ◽  
George BAZEKIN ◽  
Evgeny SKOVORODIN ◽  
Almaz SHARIPOV ◽  
Ivan CHUDOV
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters

Poultry farming holds a special place in ensuring the products that the consumers demand, it provides the population with essential food products,such as eggs and meat,that contain vital micro and macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and vitamins. Therefore, the issues of rational, economically feasible feeding of meat poultry, namely broiler chickens, are an urgent task. It is also essential to find effective methods of their application in order to correct the natural resistance and immune and biological reactivity of birds. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the biological stimulant-Nucleostim on the growth and development of chickens, hematological, and immunological parameters of the blood of birds.This Biostimulant is a purified bovine spleen extract containing at least 1 mg / ml of low molecular weight peptides (nucleotides and nucleosides) formed as a result of autolysis, using dry whey and diatomite as fillers. Onthe application ofNucleostim, the gain in live weight of chickens was increased by 9.7%. At the end of the experiment, the livability of the chicks of the experimental group treated with Nucleostimcame up to 88%, compared with the 72% of the control group. The use of biostimulant had a stimulating effect on the liver of chickens confirmed by the research results presented in the article, as well as contributed to the development of the thymus in the setting of general dystrophy. Thus, it improved chicklivability and increased body weight gain. The biological stimulant-Nucleostim as an adaptogenic, anabolic, and immunostimulatory agent is promising for finding new drugs that improve the health and productivity of poultry.

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