scholarly journals Toxicological effects of raw jack beans, bambara groundnuts and benne seeds on organs of cockerel

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
AM Akanji ◽  
OE Fasina ◽  
AM Ogungbesan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Cervical Dislocation

The study was carried out to determine and compare the toxicological effects  of  raw jack  beans (RJB), bambara groundnuts (RBG) and benne seeds (RBS) on organs of cockerels (Goldmine strain).Full fat soya was replaced with RJB, RBG and RBS at 25% and 50% levels, respectively. One hundred and forty (140) cockerels were randomly distributed into seven dietary groups in an eight week feeding trial. Antinutritional factors such as canavanine, haemagglutinin, trypsin inhibitor, tannin and phytate contents were analyzed in the plant seeds. At  the end of eighth week, the birds were killed by cervical dislocation while  the internal organs were quickly dissected out. The liver, kidney, pancreas and testis were thereafter preserved in 10% formalin solution. The tissues of the organs were trimmed, fixed in Bouin’s fixative for 24h, embedded in wax, sectioned at 6µm with microtome and finally stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. The livers of the birds fed 25% RJB and 50% RJB showed extensive multifocal and lymphocytic infiltration with necrosis of hepatocytes. Moreover, the pancreas of birds fed  RBG and RJB based diets  showed  necrosis of glandular cells, lymphoid aggregates, thickening of the supporting stroma and multifocal interstitial lymphocytic infiltration. In the testes of birds fed 25% RJB and 50% RJB, there was extensive degeneration of the seminiferous tubular  epithelia cells with widespread  interstitial lymphocytic  infiltrations of the stroma. The liver, pancreas, kidney and testes of birds fed RBS showed moderate lesions. It is concluded in this study that RJB showed more toxicity than RBG and RBS  with respect to lesions in the organs, thus depicting a severe negative effect when fed  to cockerels. There is therefore the need to detoxify the raw  plant  seeds with a view to enhancing their  nutritive value in diets of  cockerels.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 18-23

Identification of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP) in broiler chickens in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Śmiałek ◽  
M. Gesek ◽  
A. Śmiałek ◽  
A. Koncicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Glandular Epithelium ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Ductal Epithelium

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP) occurrence in broiler chickens in Poland. In march 2016 proventriculi samples were collected from broiler chickens showing poor uniformity and decreased body weight, accompanied by enlarged proventriculi. Histopathological examination of affected proventriculi revealed typical lesions associated with TVP (vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of glandular epithelium, replacement of glandular epithelium by hyperplastic ductal epithelium and moderate to severe lymphocytic infiltration). To our best knowledge, up to date there is no report indicating the presence of TVP in Poland nor in Central and Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Biochemical and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of Asparagus africanus Lam in Sprague-Dawley rats

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9138
Author(s):  
Abubakar El-Ishaq ◽  
Mohammed A. Alshawsh ◽  
Kein Seong Mun ◽  
Zamri Chik
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Histopathology Result ◽  
Scanty Information

Asparagus africanus Lam. is a plant used traditionally to treat different ailments. Currently, scanty information is available on its safety. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity of the methanolic extract on vital organs and its associated biochemical parameters. Fifteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as normal control, groups II, III, IV, and V were orally administered single dose of crude extract dissolved in distilled water at 5 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW and 2,000 mg/kg BW. Rats were observed for 14 days and body weights were recorded. On day 15, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and haematological analyses, while the liver and kidneys were sampled for histopathological examination. Body weight and haematology parameters results showed significance difference (p < 0.05) among means of HGB, RDW, RBC, and MCHC; likewise, (p < 0.001) for WBC and platelet among treated groups. Histopathology result showed that kidneys appeared normal while livers were congested with mildly swollen hepatocytes and occasional binucleation. Focal lobular hepatitis was observed in all treated animals. However, hepatic enzymes were not significantly affected and no histopathological harmful effects were observed in kidney. In conclusion, methanolic extracts of A. africanus are safe up to 2,000 mg/kg BW. The obtained results could be used as a justification for the traditional application of the plant for treatment of various ailments.

INFLUENCE OF FODDER ADDITIVE ABIOTONIC ON VETERINARY AND SANITARY INDICATORS OF RABBIT MEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
F.I. Vasilevich ◽  
◽  
V.N. Shevkoplyas ◽  
V.M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
White Fat

The materials on the study of the feed additive Abiotonic in rabbit breeding, as well as the results of organoleptic, microbiological, histological studies and the amino acid composition of rabbit meat of the New Zealand white breed are presented. According to the results of the studies, there was no negative effect of the feed additive on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat, the carcasses were well bled, drying crusts were formed in a timely manner, the muscles were elastic, light pink, white fat, the broth was clear and aromatic. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora were found. At the same time, it was noted that the feed additive contributed to the increase in meat of non-essential amino acids by 6,01%, essential amino acids by 9,74%, which increases the biological value of the product. According to histomorphological studies, the Abiotonic feed supplement did not adversely affect the physiological state of animals, muscle tissue and internal organs developed within the physiological norm of rabbits.

PECULIARITIES OF THE RADIATION PATTERN OF THE BRAIN AND INTERNAL ORGANS OF NEWBORNS WHO UNDERWENT SEVERE PERINATAL ASPHYXIA AND UNDERWENT GENERAL THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA, ACCORDING TO THE PILOT STUDY RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.S. Vorotyntseva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Orlova ◽  
A.N. Motina ◽  
A.D. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Brain

Objective of the research: to study the features of the radiological picture of the brain and internal organs of newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia, who underwent general therapeutic hypothermia (GTH). Materials and methods: the study included 116 newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia. GTH was performed in 72 patients (group 1), 44 children did not receive hypothermia in the 2 (control) group. In the first 6 hours of life, children of groups 1 and 2 underwent ultrasound of the brain and abdominal organs and chest x-ray. The complex ultrasound scan was repeated at 3–5, 7–10, 14–16 and 21–28 days. Repeated chest x-ray was carried out strictly according to the indications. Results: GTH reduced the incidence of organic brain lesions by 18% in children with severe perinatal asphyxia (p0,05). The study revealed a number of undesirable consequences associated with GTH. Transient effusion into the abdominal and thoracic cavities was diagnosed by ultrasound in 8 (11%) patients after hypothermia, while there were no such changes in children in the control group (p<0,05). X-ray of the chest in newborns who received GTH during the first 14 days revealed edematous-hemorrhagic changes in the lungs more often than in patients of the control group – 55 (76%) and 24 (55%), respectively (p<0,05). Conclusions: GTH effectively prevented the development of severe post-hypoxic changes in the brain. The negative effect of hypothermia on microcirculation was manifested by the development of effusion into the serous cavities and edematous-hemorrhagic syndrome.

Ingredients for organic diets.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-158
Author(s):  
Robert Blair
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Fodder Crops

Abstract This chapter describes the nutritive value, chemical composition, antinutritional factors, processing and preservation of fodder crops and ingredients for feed formulation for cattle diets.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Some Wild-Gathered Tropical Plant Seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu E. Ezeagu ◽  
Cornelia C. Metges ◽  
Jürgen Proll ◽  
Klaus J. Petzke ◽  
Akintunde O. Akinsoyinu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Alternative Sources

As part of the search for alternative sources of food to alleviate hunger, this study reports the approximate total contents of soluble sugars, starch, and gross energy of nine lesser-known wild-gathered plant seeds. High crude protein levels occurred in Lonchocarpus sericeus (28.03%), Albizia zygia (32.90%), and Gliricidia septum (34.15%). High levels of fat occurred in Entandrophragma angolense (59.30%), L. sericeus (34.15%), and Millettia thonningii (30.66%). Low levels of crude protein but high levels of total carbohydrate were found in Diospyros mespiliformis (77.21% carbohydrate), Daneillia ogea (74.32% carbohydrate), and Afzelia belle (53.96% carbohydrate). Starch contents were high in A. zygia (40.46%), D. ogea (69.62%), and A. belle (51.43%). The seeds with high fat content invariably showed high gross energy levels: E. angolense (30.9 kJ/g), L. sericeus (24.37 kJ/g), and M. thonningii (25.12 kJ/g). The results are compared to those for soya bean and other common staples. It is concluded that these less familiar wild seed plants should not be ignored, but further investigation into possible toxic and antinutrient factors, amino acid patterns, digestibility, and fatty acid composition is still required before recommendations are made.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic Fasciitis Associated with Myositis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Adachi ◽  
Yoko Mizutani ◽  
En Shu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kanoh ◽  
Tatsuhiko Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Eosinophilic Fasciitis ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peau D’Orange ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltrates ◽  
Immunohistological Study ◽  
Fibrinoid Degeneration

Eosinophilic fasciitis is clinically characterized by symmetrical scleroderma-like indurations of the skin with pain. The histological features are fascial inflammation with lymphocytes and eosinophils as well as thickened and fibrotic fascia. Lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration of the underlying muscle are rarely observed. We report a 69-year-old Japanese woman who presented with multiple areas of glossy induration and painful peau d'orange-like lesions on the chest and four extremities. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed significant hyperintense thickening of the fascia of the lower extremities. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen from the induration showed marked fibrinoid degeneration of the fascia and the neighboring muscle with mixed cellular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The predominant CD8+ lymphocytic infiltrates were observed by immunohistological study. A diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis with myositis was made. Oral administration of prednisolone and discontinuation of exercise significantly improved the lesions and pain.

scholarly journals Antioxidant modulation of nevirapine induced hepatotoxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Olufunsho Awodele ◽  
Temidayo Popoola ◽  
Kunle Rotimi ◽  
Victor Ikumawoyi ◽  
Wahab Okunowo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractHIV/AIDS related mortality has been dramatically reduced by the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, ART presents with associated adverse effects. One of such adverse effects is hepatotoxicity observed with nevirapine (NVP) containing ART. Since previous studies showed that NVP hepatotoxicity may be due to oxidative stress via generation of oxidative radicals, this study sought to evaluate the protective effects of antioxidants in alleviating NVP induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were divided into 6 groups with 8 animals per group and received doses of the antioxidants jobelyn (10.7 mg/kg/day), vitamin C (8 mg/kg/day), vitamin E (5 mg/kg/day) and/or NVP (6 mg/kg/day) for 60 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 61 by cervical dislocation, blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological examination. The liver of the sacrificed animals was weighed and subjected to histopathological examination. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) elevation in MDA level observed in the NVP group as compared with control. The results further showed non-significant decreases in the levels of MDA in the NVP plus antioxidant groups, except vitamin C, when compared with the NVP alone group. Vitamin E and Vitamin E plus C treated groups showed significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of SOD, CAT and GSH. The results also showed statistically significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of ALT and AST in the antioxidant treated groups There was an observed significantly (p<0.05) higher level of TP and urea in the antioxidant treated rats. A significantly (p<0.05) higher white blood cell count was observed in the antioxidant groups. Histopathological assessment of the liver extracted from the rats showed no visible pathology across the groups. Observations from this study suggest a potentially positive modulatory effect of antioxidants and may be indicative for the inclusion of antioxidants in nevirapine containing ART.

scholarly journals Histopathology of Internal Organs of Farm Animals Fed Genetically Modified Corn and Soybean Meal

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Reichert ◽  
Wojciech Kozaczyński ◽  
Teresa Agnieszka Karpińska ◽  
Łukasz Bocian ◽  
Agnieszka Jasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Mon 810

Abstract Histopathological examination of liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, skeletal muscle, and bursa of Fabricius samples, collected from broiler chickens, laying hens, fattening pigs, and calves fed genetically modified corn MON 810 and soybean meal MON-40-3-2 (Roundup Ready, RR), was performed The examination showed no significant differences between the control animals fed diets containing no genetically modified feeds and animals fed genetically modified feeds. In some cases, congestion of parenchyma and focal lymphoid cell infiltrations were observed in all dietary groups, including controls, and therefore, it was assumed that the lesions were not associated with the feeding transgenic feeds.

Leaf and stem nutritive value of timothy grown with varying N nutrition in spring and summer

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. E. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Nitrogen fertilization is known to have a limited effect on the digestibility of grasses. In a previous paper, however, we reported that N deficiency increased the proportion of leaves in the shoot biomass, and hence, indirectly increased the digestibility of timothy (Phleum pratense L). This was mitigated by the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of leaves or stems or both early in the regrowth. The objective of this study was to determine the direct effect of N deficiency on three parameters of nutritive value of leaves and stems of timothy cv. Champ. The evolution of leaf and stem in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), in vitro cell wall digestibility (IVCWD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration of field-grown timothy fertilized with four rates of N was studied during a spring and summer regrowth cycle by sampling at weekly intervals. The rate of decline in leaf nutritive value in spring was greater than that in summer, and was less than the rate of decline in stem nutritive value during spring. Nitrogen deficiency consistently increased the NDF concentration of leaves but had a lesser effect on the NDF concentration of stems. Nitrogen deficiency decreased leaf IVCWD when the leaf-to-weight ratio (LWR) was high early in the spring and summer regrowth cycles. At the end of regrowth when LWR values were low, leaf IVCWD was greatest when no N was applied. As a result, the negative effect of N deficiency on the leaf IVTD during the early part of the spring and summer regrowth cycles diminished as the regrowth cycles progressed. Nitrogen deficiency had a limited effect on stem IVCWD. We concluded that the direct negative effect of N deficiency on the digestibility of the timothy shoot biomass can be attributed primarily to its effect on the NDF concentration and cell wall digestibility of leaves. Key words: Phleum pratense L., grasses, digestibility, cell wall, nitrogen

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