scholarly journals Planktonic primary productivity of a eutrophic water body of Dhaka Metropolis, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Almujaddade Alfasane ◽  
Moniruzzaman Khondker
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Dynamics of phytoplankton primary productivity were determined in a eutrophic water body of Dhaka Metropolis fortnightly for one year. The mean value of daily rate of primary productivity was 10.05 gC/m2/d and annual sum of primary productivity was estimated 3669.5 gC/m2/y. The yearly mean value of conductivity, pH, alkalinity, SRP and SRS were 486.66 ?S/cm, 7.21, 4.02 meq/l, 0.75 mg/l and 49.75 mg/l, respectively which indicated the intensity of contamination from the catchment. Significant correlations were obtained among the variables (day length, irradiance, water temperature and DO) relating to primary productivity. “Green soup” like algal bloom was found to occur on most occasions. The productivity was confined to the upper few centimeter depth of the water indicating a typical eutrophic nature of the water body. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i2.13437 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(2): 135-142, 2012 (December)

STUDIES ON FOLIC ACID IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Yehuda Matoth ◽  
Ariela Pinkas ◽  
Rina Zamir ◽  
Fouad Mooallem ◽  
Nathan Grossowicz
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The level of folic and folinic acid in whole blood was assayed in 373 healthy infants from birth to one year. Folic acid was high at birth and dropped gradually over the first 8 postnatal weeks. The mean value for the remainder of the first year was significantly below the adult mean. Folinic acid was likewise high at birth and dropped parallel with the folic acid. However, following the initial drop, folinic acid mean values remained well above the adult mean. Folic and folinic acid values were higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed infants and lower in infants whose economic status was poor than in babies belonging to families of higher income.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVIDAD PRIMARIA EN LA CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Hernández J. ◽  
Klaus Gocke
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
High Particle Concentration ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Caribbean

Between January 1987 and January 1988 the primary productivity and related parameters were studied in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. The Ciénaga is a coastal lagoon with an area of 423 km'2 and mean depth of 1.6 m, which is located at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The salinity fluctuates seasonally within a wide range. The system is characterized by a high concentration of seston and a great primary productivity. The concentration of chlorophyll " a " ranged from 5.6to 181 ug Ii , the mean value was 59 ug I i . The concentration of proteins was within the extremes of 0.9 and 9.5 mg I"i f the mean value was 4.2 mg I ] . The gross primary productivity in the central part of the Ciénaga amounted to 1690 g C m*2 per year. Considering the temporal fluctuation in the whole system the lowest and highest values were 1.40 and 16.3 g C rrr2 per day. Highest productivity values were encountered when the salinity was low. The primary productivity is controlled by water turbidity and availability of nutrients, thus, seasonal continental waters. The photosynthetic laver ¡s restricted to less than 1.5 m due to the high particle concentration. The mean N: P relation was 4:1 which indicates that the nitrogen compounds are the limiting nutrientes. The high primary productivity sustains an important local fishery. The coastal area in the vicinity of the Ciénaga Grande is benefitted by the export of particulated and dissolved organic matter produced in excess within the coastal lagoon.

scholarly journals Frailty at the beginning of dialysis; is it a prognostic factor?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e13-e13
Author(s):  
Santiago Silva ◽  
Cristina Milano ◽  
Gonzalo García ◽  
Anabel Abib ◽  
Carlos Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Native Fistula ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Frailty (F) refers to the cumulative organic damage caused by aging, as a consequence of a diminished physiological reserve. Frailty’s prevalence is 73% in dialysis. Objectives: Our aim was to identify the prevalence of F in patients starting hemodialysis (HD) or hemodiafiltration online (HDF) treatment. To asses change in frailty during a six-month period of dialysis Patients and Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 67 incident patient starting-HD or HDF at one year, with a follow-up period of at least six months. The frailty was assessed by the Fried frailty method. According to this test, we divided the population in two groups: Pre-frail (0-2) and frail (3-5). Results: Mean age was 64 years, 64% were male and 92% were treated with HD. A total of 35.8% of the patients were admitted to dialysis with a prosthetic or native fistula. The prevalence of F at the beginning of dialysis was 65.7%. The mean value of Charlson index (CHI) was 5.2 ± 2. There was a significant correlation between CHI and frailty test (P<0.0001). Basal F score (n=67) improved after 6 month (n=52): 3 (2-4) versus1 (1-2) (P<0.0001). Hematocrit (28 versus 32% P=0.05) and calcium levels (8.6 and 8.9 mg/dL, P<0.002) also increased after sixth-month. Global mortality was 7.5%. In the multivariate analysis CHI (P<0.001) and albumin (P=0.003) were frailty predictors. Conclusion: The prevalence of F in patients who start dialysis therapy is high. There was an improvement in F score after six-month of dialysis treatment. Patients with higher F score had higher mortality with higher CHI

scholarly journals Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czosnykowska-Łukacka ◽  
Orczyk-Pawiłowicz ◽  
Broers ◽  
Królak-Olejnik
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation-stage related; colostrum contains more than 5 g/L, which then significantly decreases to 2–3 g/L in mature milk. The milk of mothers who are breastfeeding for more than one year is of a standard value, containing macronutrients in a composition similar to that of human milk at later stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate lactoferrin concentration in prolonged lactation from the first to the 48th month postpartum. Lactating women (n = 120) up to 48 months postpartum were recruited to the study. The mean value of lactoferrin concentration was the lowest in the group of 1–12 months of lactation (3.39 ± 1.43 g/L), significantly increasing in the 13–18 months group (5.55 ± 4.00 g/L; p < 0.006), and remaining at a comparable level in the groups of 19–24 month and over 24 months (5.02 ± 2.97 and 4.90 ± 3.18 g/L, respectively). The concentration of lactoferrin in mother’s milk also showed a positive correlation with protein concentration over lactation from the first to the 48th month (r = 0.3374; p = 0.0002). Our results demonstrate the high immunology potential of human milk during prolonged lactation and that Lf concentration is close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. Evidence of stable or rising immunoprotein levels during prolonged lactation provides an argument for foregoing weaning; however, breastfeeding must be combined with solid foods meet the new requirements of a rapidly growing six-month or older baby.

scholarly journals CT Score as a Mainstay of Tocilizumab Treatment in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
Vedrana Terkes ◽  
Anela Tolic ◽  
Miro Morovic
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: After one year of numerous clinical trials, the position of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVOD-19 patients is not yet stable. Methods: In this small prospective observational study, we recruited patients with severe and critical COVID-19 with a rapid deterioration of their clinical status. Demographic, clinical, CT findings and laboratory data were collected prior to the decision to administer tocilizmab. Results: 33 patients were included between March 2020 and February 2021 11 (33.3%) of patients died, with the median of 22.5 (9-35) days (p<0.05). Compared with the survivors, the patients who died were significantly older, with the mean age of 72.5 years vs 61.3 years, respectively. Also, the mean CT scores in the patients who died were significantly higher than in the survivors, with the mean value of 22.7 vs 17.3 (p<0.05). In addition, there was also a difference in the mean values of inflammatory parameters, which were generally higher in non-survivors. Conclusion: In this small exploratory analysis of 33 patients with severe or critical COVID-19, treated with tocilizumab we did not obtain neither a significant reduction of ICU admission neither of mortality. The high CT grade of lung damage has shown to be the only independent prognostic factor of clinical outcome, regardless of administration time or criteria of tocilizumab use.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Plastic Mulching Methods on Soil Water, Temperature and Nitrate Accumulation in a Dryland Winter Wheat Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Hui-Zhou Gao ◽  
Ying-He Xie ◽  
Ting-Liang Li ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhao ◽  
Gao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
One Year

This study has investigated the effects of two different plastic mulching methods on soil water, temperature, and nitrate (NO3-N) accumulation in a dryland winter wheat field after one-year experiment. The drought-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Chang-8744 was grown by (i) furrow planting with ridge mulching, (ii) bunch planting with flat mulching, and (iii) conventional flat planting without mulching (or control). Results showed that dryland winter wheat effectively utilized soil water down to 2 m depth, mainly in the first 140 cm. Plastic mulching increased the evapotranspiration during wheat growing season and mostly r flat plastic mulching, by ~18% over the value recorded in the control plots. Soil temperature of the 20-40 cm-layer was higher than the one recorded at 5-10 cm depth during seedling-overwintering stages. Ridge plastic mulching and flat plastic mulching increased soil temperatures at 5 cm, 10 cm, and 40 cm depths during seedling&ndash;overwintering stages with reference to the control (no mulching), then lowered them at the same depths during reviving&ndash;ripening stages. Residual NO3-N was always detected in the soil after harvesting irrespective of the mulching method. It was mainly concentrated in the first -60 cm accounting for ~50% of soil NO3-N accumulation within the 2-m profile. The highest soil NO3-N accumulation occurred under flat plastic mulching, which represented ~107% of the mean value of the remaining treatments. Finally, flat plastic mulching showed the greatest effects on soil water, temperature, and NO3-N accumulation in dryland wheat field.

scholarly journals Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton of Mahakali River, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Mahasetha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Lentic Water

Present paper describes primary productivity of Mahakali river at four stations. The two years mean of net primary production was 96.80 mgC/m3/day. The  net primary production value of Mahakali river was less due to the low water temperature and less phytoplanktonic growth. Two years mean value of gross primary production of Mahakali river was 176.29 mgC/m3/day, which is less than lentic water. It shows that the river is oligotrophic but developing a tendency as going towards mesotrophic.BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 98-102

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Surgical Simulation for Yaw Control of the Mandibular Condyle and Its Actual Application to Orthognathic Surgery: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Won Kim ◽  
Jong-Cheol Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Jun Cheon ◽  
Seoung-Won Cho ◽  
Young-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Virtual Surgery ◽  
Yaw Control ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Favourable occlusal interdigitation and an optimized position of the mandibular condyle after surgery are essential for obtaining favourable results. The position of the condyle is determined during the operation. However, it is difficult to maintain the condyle’s original position post-surgery despite the efforts of the surgeons. Indeed, a degree of rotation of the condyle is unavoidable, since it is difficult to verify whether the condyle is positioned correctly during surgery. Purpose: To maximize contact between the bone segments, the condyle was rotated around the vertical axis using surgical simulations. We examined changes to the condyle-fossa relationship after comparing virtual surgery to actual surgery. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 20 patients were diagnosed with skeletal malocclusion and participated in computer-aided surgical simulation before undergoing orthognathic surgery. In the simulation, the mandibular condyles were rotated around the vertical axis, and the proximal segments were fixed to the distal segments using a customized miniplate and positioning device during actual surgery. This study investigated the relationship between the condyle and fossa using cone-beam computed tomography for several different time periods (preoperative (T0), virtual surgery (Tv), postoperative three days (T1) and one year (T2)). Results: The coronal and sagittal view exhibited significant differences in the mean values between T1and T0, Tv, and T2 for all joint spaces. As a result of the distance, the mean value of T2 in both the superior joint space (JS) and the lateral JS was significantly higher than that of Tv. In contrast, the mean value of Tv in the medial JS was significantly higher than that of T2. Moreover, the mean value of T2 on the axial plane was significantly larger than the values of Tv and T1. The mean value of T0 was also significantly larger than those of Tv and T1, and the mean value of Tv was larger than that of T1. Although the condyle was rotated, it exhibited a tendency to return to its preoperative position. There was no statistically significant difference in functional evaluation between T0 and T2. Conclusion: Our method of using yaw control for the condyle during virtual surgery and transferring this technique to the actual surgery can improve the conventional surgical technique by positioning the proximal segment in a pre-planned position, thus achieving optimal results.

scholarly journals Variations in Plasma Thyroxine Concentrations Throughout One Year in Penned Sheep on a Uniform Feed Intake

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALC Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Plasma total thyroxine (T 4) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay throughout one year in 10 sheep maintained indoors under natural light and consuming a constant amount of feed. Plasma T4 concentrations varied throughout the year, the highest and lowest values occurring in the spring and autumn months respectively. The mean of all observations was 5 �4�0�1 ,ug/dl. The changes observed did not appear to correlate with changes in ambient temperature, day length or with reported changes in wool growth.

PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE IN INFANTS FROM BIRTH TO ONE YEAR OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
T. S. DANOWSKI ◽  
S. Y. JOHNSTON ◽  
W. C. PRICE ◽  
M. MCKELVY ◽  
S. S. STEVENSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of

Statistical comparisons indicate that within 12 hours of birth the serum protein-bound iodine of the infant is of the same order of magnitude, on the average, as that present in maternal blood during pregnancy or within a few hours of delivery. During the remainder of the first week of life there occurs a transient statistically significant increase in the mean value of this iodine fraction. During the sixth to twelfth week the concentrations fall below those present neonatally, but at this time or at any subsequent age up to 1 year, they are still on the average above those encountered in euthyroid nonpregnant adults or in older children. The possible relationship of these higher mean values in infancy to increased thyroid function in the rapidly growing infant have been mentioned with emphasis on the elevated concentration of circulating thyroxin.

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