scholarly journals Effects of superfine grinding on micromeritic properties of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1044
Author(s):  
Peiqi Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Tie ◽  
Mengpei Liu ◽  
Wei Zong
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coarse Powder ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Physicochemical And Functional Properties

Effects of regular grinding and superfine grinding on the micromeritic properties of Eucommia ulmoides leaves were investigated. Coarse powder 1 (5732 nm), 2 (4784.67 nm), 3 (4133.67 nm), 4 (2119 nm) were prepared by regular grinding. Superfine powder 5 (1310.67 nm) was prepared by superfine grinding, all the particle sizes presented normal distribution. Results showed that Eucommia ulmoides leaf powders have smaller size, greater bulk density and smaller angle of repose. The water solubility index values, water holding capacity value and oil binding capacity value were significantly improved as the size decreases. Furthermore, biological microscopy revealed the surface morphology of five powders. FT-IR analysis showed the nature of Eucommia ulmoides leaves unchanged. These results showed that the physicochemical and functional properties of Eucommia ulmoides leaves can be improved by superfine grinding, which would be more suitable for the development of functional compounds than native Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

Effects of particle size on structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of potato residue from starch isolation and quality characteristics of residue-based starch noodles

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322095460
Author(s):  
Md. Hasan Waliullah ◽  
Taihua Mu ◽  
Mengmei Ma ◽  
Jingwang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Physicochemical And Functional Properties

The structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of potato residue with different mesh sizes (<180 µm, <150 µm, <106 µm, <75 µm, ultrafine) obtained from starch isolation were investigated, and its effects on the shear strength, tensile strength, cooking time, and in vitro digestibility of 5% potato residue-based starch noodles were further compared. The results showed that the protein, ash, dietary fiber, water holding capacity, and water solubility of fractionated potato residue were decreased with decreasing particle size, while the starch, fat, polyphenols, and α-amylase activity inhibition ratio were increased. Ultrafine particles exhibited the highest phenolic content (2.26 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/g), glucose adsorption capacity (7.03 mmol/g), cholesterol adsorption capacity (16.54%), and better performance on starch noodles formulation. However, oil holding capacity and microstructure did not show any significant differences. Therefore, potato residues with desired particle sizes could be successfully used to develop fiber-enriched food products for reducing food waste.

scholarly journals Potency of Chitosan and Chitooligochitosan (COS) as Prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus Probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Sri Sedjati ◽  
Adha Susanto ◽  
Nuril Azhar ◽  
Rabia Alghazeer
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Bacteria Culture ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Different Doses

Lately, chitosan as a result of chitin deacetilation has known as potencial compound as food industry, pharmacy and environmental agents. The weakness of chitosan is the low water solubility and high viscosity. The size reduction by cutting the β-1, 4 glicosidic bond to improve the bioactivity is the alternative solution. This research aims to find out the addition of chitosan and COS for the Streptococcus thermophillus FNCC – 0041 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus FNCC – 0040 probiotics bacteria culture. S. thermophillus and L. bulgaricus were cultured in the MRS Broth media with addition of Commercial Chitosan (CC), Commercial Oligochitosan (COC), Self-production Chitosan (PC) and Self-production Oligochitosan (POC) in different doses (0.05; 0.1; and 0.2 mg.ml-1). Percentage DD on those treatments was similar. The spectra vibration of  The FT-IR analysis of PC and POC were fit to the CC and COC. In chitosan treatments, the best growth of S. thermophilus was reached at 0.2 mg/mL PC, while in chitooligochitosan was from 0.20 mg/mL COC treatments, respectively. The addition of different type of chitosan have a significant effect (p<0.05) to the growth of S. thermophillus, but have not resulted the significant effect to the L. bulgaricus (p>0.05) growth. So, therefore the addition of chitosan and COS as prebiotics for the probiotics were in dose dependant manner. Compare to chitosan commercial, our chitosan production have a good potency to be developed.

Effect of Ultrafine Pulverization on Properties of Apple Pomace Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2560-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chao Liu ◽  
Zhong Gao Jiao ◽  
Xin Hong Liang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Ultrafine Powder ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Water Holding

Ultrafine pulverization technology was applied for producing apple pomace powder, and the physical-chemical properties of the ultrafine powder including fluidity, water solubility, water holding capacity, fat binding capacity, and solubility of total phenolics and sugars were investigated. Results suggested that ultrafine pulverization had distinct effect on surface properties of apple pomace powder. With decreasing the size of apple pomace powder, the flow behavior and water solubility were improved, and the dissolubility of total phenolics and sugars increased significantly, while the water holding capacity and fat binding capacity decreased. These results would provide useful insight for exploiting the potential applications of apple pomace ultrafine powder in functional foods as well as extracting polyphenols and polysaccharides for commercial practices.

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
Liling Cho ◽  
David L. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Wire Grid ◽  
Polyester Fibers ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Levulinic Ester as Biodiesel Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution

In this study, the SO42-/TiO2-La2O3-Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared and tested in the conversion of fructose to ethyl levulinate . The catalyst was characterized from the point of view of the textural analysis, FT-IR analysis, acid strength distribution, X-ray powder diffraction and pyridine adsorption IR spectra. The influence of the reaction parameters on the ethyl levulinate yield was study. The maximum yield of 37.95% in levulinate esters was obtained at 180 �C, 2 g catalyst and 4 h reaction time. The effect of ethyl levulinate addition to diesel-biodiesel blend in different rates, i.e, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 (w.t %) on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point was evaluated and compared with the European specification.

Formulation, Optimization,and Ex-Vivo Evaluation of Novel Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Hydroquinone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Verma ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Skin Retention

Background: HQ is used for hyper-pigmentation treatment using conventional creams and gels. These formulations show various disadvantages like poor skin permeation, allergic reactions, and repeated use decreasing patient compliance. Objectives: The present work involved formulation, statistical optimization, and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for efficient topical delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) for hyperpigmentation treatment. Methods: The NLCs were optimized exploring Box–Behnken design (BBD) using three independent variables and two dependent variables. Formulation having the minimum size and maximum drug entrapment was considered as optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was evaluated for drug release followed by its freeze-drying. The freeze-dried formulation was subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-raydiffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, NLCs based gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. NLCs based gel was evaluated for skin permeation, skin retention, and skin distribution (through confocal microscopic analysis) using pig ear skin. Results: Optimized NLCs showed smaller particle size [(271.9 ± 9) nm], high drug entrapment [(66.4 ± 1.2) %], tolerable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.221 ± 0.012), and zeta potential [(-25.9± 1.2) mV]. The FT-IR analysis revealed excellent compatibility between HQ and other excipients. The Carbopol 934 gel containing NLCs showed high transdermal flux [(163 ± 16.2) μg/cm2/h], permeability coefficient (0.0326 ± 0.0016), and skin permeation enhancement ratio (3.7 ± 0.4) compared to marketed cream of HQ. The results of confocal microscopic (CLSM) analysis revealed the accumulation of optimized NLCs in the lower epidermal layers of skin. Conclusion: NLCs based gel was considered effective in the topical delivery of HQ to treat hyper-pigmentation due high skin permeation, skin retention, and prolonged release of HQ.

Impact of high-pressure homogenization on the microstructure and rheological properties of citrus fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianbin Su ◽  
Xin-Di Zhu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Li-Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Carreau Model ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Citrus fiber dispersion with different concentrations (5–25 g/kg) was treated by high-pressure homogenization (90 and 160 MPa) for two cycles. The particle size distribution, hydration properties of powders, morphology and rheological measurements were carried out to study the microstructure and rheological properties changes by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). In conclusion, the HPH can reduce the particle size of fiber, improve the water holding capacity and water binding capacity. Furthermore, fiber shape can be modified from globular cluster to flake-like slices, and tiny pores can be formed on the surface of citrus fiber. The apparent viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus were increased by HPH whereas the activation energy was reduced. The Hershcel–Bulkley model, Carreau model and Power Law mode were selected to evaluate the rheological properties.

Impact of Chemical Modification on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tropical Wood Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Sinin Hamdan ◽  
M. Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Diazonium Salt ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
D Values ◽  
Benzene Diazonium

Five types of selected tropical light hardwoods were chemically modified with benzene diazonium salt to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium salt underwent a coupling reaction with wood which was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The compressive modulus of the treated wood increased, whereas modulus of rupture was shown to decrease on treatment. The modified wood samples had higher hardness (Shore D) values compared to that of the control ones.

scholarly journals Valorization of Flaxseed Oil Cake Residual from Cold-Press Oil Production as a Material for Preparation of Spray-Dried Functional Powders for Food Applications as Emulsion Stabilizers

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Drozłowska ◽  
Łukasz Łopusiewicz ◽  
Monika Mężyńska ◽  
Artur Bartkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Cold Press ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Oil Binding

Flaxseed oil cake extract (residual from cold-press oil production and rich in proteins and polysaccharides) was evaluated as a potential substrate for the preparation of spray-dried powders with emulsifying activity. Three variants of powders were obtained using different spray-drying process inlet temperatures: 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C. The influence of temperature on physicochemical features (water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, water activity, solubility, color, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and surface morphology) of the powders was estimated. Additionally, the emulsifying activity of the powders and the stability of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with their various content (0.5%, 1%, and 3%) were determined. Results showed that inlet temperature had significant influence on all physicochemical and functional properties of the powders. Increased inlet temperature decreased solubility and antioxidant activity but increased water-holding capacity, oil-binding capacity, and emulsifying activity. The emulsions prepared with the powder obtained at 200 °C showed the highest stability. SEM images showed the production of relatively spherical particles which were folded or wrinkled with a lot of dentures. This study could open a promising pathway for producing natural and plant-based spray-dried powders for food applications as emulsion stabilizers.

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