scholarly journals Microbial Contamination of Water in Around Dhaka City

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Parveen ◽  
M Shakir Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Tania Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Pond

A total of 109 water samples were collected from around Dhaka city and examined for microbial contamination. Samples were collected in sterilized screw capped glass bottles, transported to the laboratory in cold and processed within 6 hours of their collection. All river water, pond water and household water were found heavily contaminated with coliform, faecal coliform, E. Coli and Salmonella whereas tube well water and bottled water was devoid of faecal coliform, E. Coli and Salmonella. A significant correlation between total number of total coliform and percentage of Salmonella was also investigated. It is suggested that water must be boiled before use. Key Words: Water contamination, Total coliform, Faecal coliform, Salmonella DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.972 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 273-276, 2008 

scholarly journals Assessment of well water pollution by sewage contaminants: A case study of Akure South, Ondo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 549-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiah Abolade Owoeye ◽  
Joseph Onaolapo Akinneye
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Recommended Level

This study investigated the extent of well water contamination in dry and rainy seasons through infiltration of coliform bacteria from sewage pits in their proximity in Akure. Total and Faecal coliform counts of twenty household wells were investigated between the months of March and July with respect to proximity of wells to sewage pits, orientation of wells to sewage pits, and other well characteristics. All wells studied were assessed to be vulnerable to contamination with observable differences in characteristics, physicochemical parameters, total coliform counts and faecal coliform counts. Asides pH which was higher in the dry season, all other parameters had lower values in the dry season. At an average distance of 17.6 m from the sewage pits, all well water sampled had greater coliform counts than the WHO recommended level for drinking water (< 1 cfu/mL). Correlations between coliform counts of water samples and the distances of the wells to sewage pits was positive and not significant for both total and faecal coliform in dry season, while it was negative and significant for both total and faecal coliform in the rainy season. Topography, and distance between wells and sewage pits were prominent factors responsible for well water contamination. Amounts of coliforms found in wells were significantly affected by seasonal variation. It is thus suggested that wells be sited up-gradient and at safer distances away from sanitary systems in the ultimate bid to reduce groundwater pollution and the occurrence of water borne diseases.

scholarly journals Hand-pumps as reservoirs for microbial contamination of well water

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ferguson ◽  
Brian J. Mailloux ◽  
Kazi M. Ahmed ◽  
Alexander van Geen ◽  
Larry D. McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
The Village

The retention and release of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was investigated in hand-pumps removed from tubewells tapping a faecally contaminated aquifer in Matlab, Bangladesh, and from a new hand-pump deliberately spiked with E. coli. All hand-pumps were connected to reservoirs of sterile water and flushed. Faecal coliforms were observed in the discharge from all three of the previously used hand-pumps, at concentrations comparable to levels measured in discharge when they were attached to the tubewells. During daily flushing of one of the previously used hand-pumps, the concentration of total coliforms in the discharge remained relatively constant (≈103 MPN/100 mL). Concentrations of E. coli in the pump discharge declined over time, but E. coli was still detectable up to 29 days after the start of flushing. In the deliberately spiked hand-pump, E. coli was observed in the discharge over 125 days (t50 = 8 days) and found to attach preferentially to elastomeric materials within the hand-pump. Attempts to disinfect both the village and new hand-pumps using shock chlorination were shown to be unsuccessful. These results demonstrate that hand-pumps can act as persistent reservoirs for microbial indicator bacteria. This could potentially influence drinking water quality and bias testing of water quality.

Enumeration and Identification of Coliform Bacteria Injured by Chlorine or Fungicide Mixed with Agricultural Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEMI IZUMI ◽  
YUJI NAKATA ◽  
AYANO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Water Pond

ABSTRACT Chemical sanitizers may induce no injury (bacteria survive), sublethal injury (bacteria are injured), or lethal injury (bacteria die). The proportion of coliform bacteria that were injured sublethally by chlorine and fungicide mixed with agricultural water (pond water), which was used to dilute the pesticide solution, was evaluated using the thin agar layer (TAL) method. In pure cultures of Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and E. coli O157:H7 (representing a human pathogen), the percentage of chlorine-injured cells was 69 to 77% for dilute electrolyzed water containing an available chlorine level of 2 ppm. When agricultural water was mixed with electrolyzed water, the percentage of injured coliforms in agricultural water was 75%. The isolation and identification of bacteria on TAL and selective media suggested that the chlorine stress caused injury to Enterobacter kobei. Of the four fungicide products tested, diluted to their recommended concentrations, Topsin-M, Sumilex, and Oxirane caused injury to coliform bacteria in pure cultures and in agricultural water following their mixture with each pesticide, whereas Streptomycin did not induce any injury to the bacteria. The percentage of injury was 45 to 97% for Topsin-M, 80 to 87% for Sumilex, and 50 to 97% for Oxirane. A comparison of the coliforms isolated from the pesticide solutions and then grown on either TAL or selective media indicated the possibility of fungicide-injured Rahnella aquatilis, Yersinia mollaretii, and E. coli. These results suggest the importance of selecting a suitable sanitizer and the necessity of adjusting the sanitizer concentration to a level that will kill the coliforms rather than cause sanitizer-induced cell injury that can result in the recovery of the coliforms.

scholarly journals Microbial occurrence at different freezing duration in speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius, 1798) from local markets of Dhaka city

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Md Anisur Rahman Khan ◽  
Tamanna Yasmin ◽  
Saima Sharif Nilla ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Naziza Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Metapenaeus Monoceros ◽  
Significant Difference

A study was carried out at four different (0, 1, 7 and 30 days) freezing durations in regard to the microbiological incidence in speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros) from three different local markets - Ananda bazaar, New Market and Polashi bazaar of Dhaka city. The study unveiled that Ananda bazaar samples were more or less contaminated than those of others. The microbial load varied with market sources as total bacteria count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC) and faecal coliform count (FCC) were found in all the storage periods crossing the acceptable limit. Except for E. coli (EC), all the bacterial counts were significantly different (p < 0.05) in 7 and 30 days freezing durations. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in all freezing durations only for EC counts. After 30 days storage duration for all counts showed 101 cfu/g reduction of microbial load from every initial count. The Salmonella-Shigella (SS) and Vibrio spp. were identified in all the samples of the three markets. In case of biochemical composition, an inverse relation was found in moisture - protein and moisture - fat where the moisture content increased after 30 days freezing duration but protein and lipid contents decreased with time. This study revealed that shrimp available in local markets of Dhaka city was highly ingested with pathogenic bacteria which indicate the unhygienic condition of the market premises. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 91-101, 2013 (July)

Microbial Contamination Occurring on Lamb Carcasses Processed in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. DUFFY ◽  
K. E. BELK ◽  
J. N. SOFOS ◽  
S. B. LeVALLEY ◽  
M. L. KAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Tissue Surface ◽  
Plate Counts

Lamb carcasses (n = 5,042) were sampled from six major lamb packing facilities in the United States over 3 days during each of two visits (fall or winter, October through February; spring, March through June) in order to develop a microbiological baseline for the incidence (presence or absence) of Salmonella spp. and for populations of Escherichia coli after 24 h of chilling following slaughter. Samples also were analyzed for aerobic plate counts (APC) and total coliform counts (TCC). Additionally, incidence (presence or absence) of Campylobacter jejuni/coli on lamb carcasses (n = 2,226) was determined during the slaughtering process and in the cooler. All samples were obtained by sponge-sampling the muscle-adipose tissue surface of the flank, breast, and leg of lamb carcasses (100 cm2 per site; 300 cm2 total). Incidence of Salmonella spp. in samples collected from chilled carcasses was 1.5% for both seasons combined, with 1.9% and 1.2% of fall or winter and spring samples being positive, respectively. Mean (log CFU/cm2) APC, TCC, and E. coli counts (ECC) on chilled lamb carcasses across both seasons were 4.42, 1.18, and 0.70, respectively. APC were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in samples collected in the spring versus fall or winter, while TCC were higher in samples collected in the spring. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between ECC from samples collected in the spring versus winter. Only 7 out of 2,226 total samples (0.3%) tested positive for C. jejuni/coli, across all sampling sites. These results should be useful to the lamb industry and regulatory authorities as new regulatory requirements for meat inspection become effective.

scholarly journals Determination of Drinking Water Quality: A Case Study on Saline Prone South-West Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
TK Das ◽  
M Choudhury ◽  
M Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Filter Water ◽  
Tube Well

This research integrates quantitative data of underground and sub-surface sources of drinking water from two coastal union Gabura and Munshiganj of Shyamnagur upazila of Satkhira district. Four drinking water sources have been selected and sampled during dry season when the salinity rate is generally high. A total of 22 water samples have been collected of which 6 from protected pond, 6 from tube well, 6 from rainwater and 4 from pond sand filter (PSF). The average pH of tube well water, protected pond water, pond sand filter water and rain water were 6.59 (±.05), 6.46 (±1.03), 6.60 (±.52), 5.95 (±.87), respectively. The average EC (μs cm-1) range of tube well water, protected pond water, pond sand filter water and rain water were 2059.16 (±49.43), 1756 (±14), 769 (±94.27), 64.33(±59.91) while the TDS (ppm) range were 1319.97 (±31.69), 1125.64 (±913.46), 492.94 (±60.43) and 15.38 (±118.59) respectively. The maximum concentration of salinity was found in tube well water which was 1.37 (±53) ppt. Most of the protected ponds were highly contaminated with sulphate and it ranges from 84.64 to 218.25 ppm. The average number of fecal Coliform in protected ponds were 1650 100 m l-1 of water while in PSF source pond 2350 100ml-1 and collection point 1.5 100ml-1.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 101-108 2017

scholarly journals Comparison of four β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase-based commercial culture methods used to detect Escherichia coli and total coliforms in water

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée F. Maheux ◽  
Vanessa Dion-Dupont ◽  
Sébastien Bouchard ◽  
Marc-Antoine Bisson ◽  
Michel G. Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Positive Signal ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
E Coli

The MI agar, Colilert®, Chromocult coliform® agar, and DC with BCIG agar chromogenic culture-based methods used to assess microbiological quality of drinking water were compared in terms of their ubiquity, sensitivity, ease of use, growth of atypical colonies and affordability. For ubiquity, 129 total coliform (representing 76 species) and 19 Escherichia coli strains were tested. Then, 635 1-L well water samples were divided into 100 mL subsamples for testing by all four methods. Test results showed that 70.5, 52.7, 36.4, and 23.3% of the non-E. coli total coliform strains and 94.7, 94.7, 89.5, and 89.5% of the 19 E. coli strains yielded a positive signal with the four methods, respectively. They also yielded a total coliform positive signal for 66.5, 51.7, 64.9, and 55.0% and an E. coli positive signal for 16.1, 14.8, 17.3, and 13.4% of the 635 well water samples tested, respectively. Results showed that Colilert® is the most expensive method tested in terms of reactants, yet it is the easiest to use. Large numbers of atypical colonies were also often observed on Chromocult coliform® and DC with BCIG, thereby challenging the target microorganism count. Thus, the MI agar method seems to be the best option for the assessment of drinking water quality.

scholarly journals “PURIFIED” JAR WATER AT ROADSIDE TEA-STALLS IN DHAKA CITY PURE ENOUGH?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-402
Author(s):  
Abhinandan Chowdhury ◽  
Marzana Hossain ◽  
Abir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Water Purity ◽  
Water Borne

Due to high demand of pure water, in densely populated Dhaka city, “Jar” water business by private suppliers has hiked up in recent years. And currently negative reports on the purity of these jar water had been evident in social and print media. Therefore, checking microbial contamination in these jar water used in various road side tea stalls known as “Tongs”, was the aim of this study. In this study, a total of 55 jar water samples were collected from 30 tea stalls. Membrane filter was used to extract the bacteria, which were later grown on m-FC agar (for total coliform) and m-FC agar with Rosolic acid (for fecal coliform). A total of 190 bacterial colonies was isolated and from them 19 were E.aerogenes, 30 were Escherichia Coli, 3 were Klebsiella, 28 were Salmonella and 11 were Shigella. The presence of these five bacteria are the clear evidence of contamination in the supplied jar water at road-side tea stalls of Dhaka; indicating robust quality check for water purity is required by the supplier. Awareness amongst the customers and stall owners should be made for the safety of the stake holders from water-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Cemaran Mikroba Escherichia coli dan Total Bakteri Koliform pada Air Minum Isi Ulang

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Rolan Sudirman Pakpahan ◽  
Intje Picauly ◽  
I Nyoman W. Mahayasa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

AbstrakJumlah layanan air minum melalui depot air minum di Kota Kupangmeningkat dengan rata-rata 1,44 setiap tahun sejak 2010, sementara tidakterdapat jaminan kualitas air minum isi ulang memenuhi syarat setiap saat. Hasil pemeriksaan sampel air minum isi ulang di Kota Kupang tahun 2013 menunjukkan 37,5% tercemar mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis cemaran mikroba dan mengetahui determinan cemaran Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan total koliform pada air minum isi ulang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang periode Januari Maret 2015. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 51 depot air minum yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian terhadap 51 depot air minum menunjukkan air minum telah tercemar mikroba sebanyak 26 depot air minum (51%), tercemar E. coli 33,33%, dan tercemar total koliform 51%. Deteminan cemaran mikroba dengan uji bivariat adalah pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,01), sikap operator (nilai p = 0,05). Sedangkan determinan cemaran mikroba uji multivariat adalah pengetahuan operator (nilai p = 0,026), kebersihan operator (nilai p = 0,05) dan sanitasi depot air minum (nilai p = 0,044). Variabel yang paling dominan memengaruhi cemaran mikroba adalah pengetahuan, kebersihan operator, dan sanitasi depot air minum.AbstractAmount of drinking water services through drinking water depots in KupangCity is increasing in avarage of 1.44 every year since 2010, meanwhilethere is no guarantee that refill drinking water quality meets any requirement every time. Results of refill drinking water sample in Kupang City in 2013 showed the water was 37.5% contaminated by microbes. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination and determine determinants of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total Coliform on refill drinking water. This study used cross sectional design on January - March 2015. The population was 51 depots determined using total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate using simple logistic regression test and multivariate using multiple logistic regression test. Results showed drinking water contaminated by microbes worth 26 depots (51%), by E. coli 33.33% and by total Coliform 51%. Microbial contamination determinants using bivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.01) and behavior of operator (p value = 0.05). Meanwhile, microbial contamination determinants conducting multivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.026), hygiene of operator (p value = 0.05) and depot sanitation (p value = 0.044). Most dominating variables influencing microbial contamination are knowledge, operator’s hygiene and depot sanitation.

scholarly journals Fecal contamination of drinking water in Kericho District, Western Kenya: role of source and household water handling and hygiene practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johana Kiplagat Too ◽  
Willy Kipkemboi Sang ◽  
Zipporah Ng'ang'a ◽  
Musa Otieno Ngayo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Household Water

Inadequate protection of water sources, and poor household hygienic and handling practices have exacerbated fecal water contamination in Kenya. This study evaluated the rate and correlates of thermotolerant coliform (TTC) household water contamination in Kericho District, Western Kenya. Culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to characterize TTCs. The disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility profiling of pathogenic Escherichia coli. Out of the 103 households surveyed, 48 (46.6%) had TTC contaminated drinking water (TTC levels of &gt;10 cfu/100 mL). Five of these households were contaminated with pathogenic E. coli, including 40% enteroaggregative E. coli, 40% enterotoxigenic E. coli, and 20% enteropathogenic E. coli. All these pathogenic E. coli strains were multidrug resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ampicillin, tetracycline and ampicillin/sulbactam. Rural household locality, drinking water hand contact, water storage container cleaning practice, hand washing before water withdrawal, water source total coliforms &lt;10 cfu/100 mL, temperature, and free chlorine levels were associated with TTC contamination of household drinking water. Significant proportions of household drinking water in Kericho District are contaminated with TTCs including with pathogenic multidrug-resistant E. coli. Source and household hygiene and practices contribute significantly to drinking water contamination.

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