scholarly journals ISOLATION AND PREVALENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN WILD ANIMALS AT THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN JOS, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
O. O. Oludairo ◽  
J. K. P. Kwaga ◽  
A. A. Dzikwi ◽  
J. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence

There had been reports of infectious diarrhea leading to death of wild animals at the National Zoological Garden Jos, Nigeria which could possibly be due to E. coli. The presence of the zoonotic infection puts the animals, staff, visitors and the general public at risk of contracting the bacteria which could lead to death of wildlife, economic losses, wildlife conservation issues, human sickness, expenditure on treatments or death of man or animals. The record of surveillance of E. coli in Nigeria is limited. The study sought to determine the presence and prevalence of E. coli in the zoo. 160 faecal samples were collected over a period of three months and analysed for E. coli using the conventional biochemical tests and confirmation was done using the Microbact GNB 12E. Seventy seven (48.1%) isolates showed reactions presumptive of E. coli after the conventional biochemical tests while 58 (36.3%) were confirmed after testing with Microbact GNB 12E. The confirmed isolates were from primates 18, carnivores 5, herbivores 5, birds 28, and reptiles 2. There was a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the different classes of animals and the isolation of E. coli. There was also a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the occurrence of E. coli and months of sample collection. The occurrence and high prevalence of E. coli implies the organism could be the cause of infectious diarrhoea and death in the zoo, while staff and as many as visit the zoo are at risk of contracting the organisms from the animals or other contaminated objects which could lead to human death and  epidemics.

Etio-Epidemiological Studies on Diarrhoea in Cattle and Buffalo Calves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Sharma ◽  
Monika Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Causative Agents

Calf diarrhoea is the most commonly encountered disease syndrome and significant cause of economic losses in dairy industry. Present investigation was undertaken to find out the prevalence of causative agents of diarrhoea in the bovine calves for a period of one year. The effect of age, sex, season and parity of dam was also studied. E. coli was the major organism (86.00 %) observed in the faecal samples of the diarrhoeic calves followed by rotavirus, Eimeria spp. and Amphistomes (15.00 % each); Toxocara spp. (12.00 %); Strongyles (9.00 %); Cryptosporidium spp. (6.00 %); Trichuris spp. (5.00 %); and Salmonella spp. and Strongyloides spp. (3.00 % each). The prevalence of rotavirus, Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. was found significantly higher in buffalo calves and crossbred calves than cow calves and Gir / local non-descript calves, respectively. The prevalence of Toxocara spp., Amphistomes and Strongyles in diarrhoeic buffalo calves was significantly higher than cow calves. Highest prevalence of E. coli and rotavirus was observed in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves of 0-15 days age group. Rotavirus was not detected in faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves above 60 days age. The susceptibility of bovine calves for E. coli and rotavirus was found decreased with the advancement of the age. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in diarrhoeic faecal samples of bovine calves was observed only in 16-60 days age whereas Cryptosporidium spp. was found only in 0-30 days age. The most of the parasitic infestations were observed after 30 days of age in calves. The calves of both sexes were equally susceptible to different causative agents of diarrhoea. The prevalence of E. coli and most of the helminth ova in the faecal samples of diarrhoeic calves was found maximum during rainy season whereas the rotavirus was observed mostly during winter season. The prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., rotavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. was found highest in the faecal samples of the diarrhoeic calves of first or second parity dams.

Analysis of faecal samples from wild animals for verocytotoxin producing Escherichia coli and E coli 0157

1999 ◽  
Vol 144 (23) ◽  
pp. 646-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wasteson ◽  
J. M. Arnemo ◽  
B. Klungseth Johansen ◽  
L. Vold ◽  
S. D. Mathiesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples

Evaluation of the Virulence Factor Profile of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in Clinical Isolates of Avian Samples in Caloto, Cauca, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Durango ◽  
Hernando Morales ◽  
Enderson Murillo ◽  
Laura Echeverri ◽  
Natalia Quiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Group A ◽  
The One ◽  
Group B

Abstract Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), produces an extraintestinal infection in chickens, turkeys, and other types of birds, called colibacillosis, and is considered one of the main causes of economic losses due to morbidity, mortality, and the disposal of poultry carcasses. The objective of the present study was to characterize the genetic profile of the virulence factors of different isolates of avian E. coli in Caloto, Cauca, Colombia. Materials and methods: E. coli was isolated and identified by biochemical tests, from 47 clinical isolates. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted using Chelex. Three multiplex PCRs were designed to amplify 13 virulence factors (iroN, hlyF, iss, iutA, frz, vat, sitA, KpsM, sitD, fimH, pstB, sopB, and uvrY), using primers previously reported for each. The amplification products were verified on agarose gels. Each isolate was classified according to the number of virulence factors: group A (between 10 and 13), group B (between 5 and 9), and group C (4 or less). Conclusion: we were able to identify the presence of a group of virulence factors in clinical isolates of APEC, which allows us to demonstrate that both the frequency and the profile of virulence factors in the isolated strains showed a different profile than the reported by other authors. The virulence genes pstB and fimH were detected in all of our samples, and the iss gene was the one with the lowest frequency. And according to the number of virulence factors, the group A was the most frequent.

Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) in swine: prevalence over the finishing period and characteristics of the STEC isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TSENG ◽  
P. M. FRATAMICO ◽  
L. BAGI ◽  
D. MANZINGER ◽  
J. A. FUNK
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYThis descriptive longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the faecal shedding of Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC) in finishing swine and to characterize the swine STEC isolates that were recovered. Three cohorts of finishing swine (n = 50/cohort; total 150 pigs) were included in the longitudinal study. Individual faecal samples were collected every 2 weeks (8 collections/pig) from the beginning (pig age 10 weeks) to the end (pig age 24 weeks) of the finishing period. STEC isolates were recovered in at least one sample from 65·3% (98/150) of the pigs, and the frequency distribution of first-time STEC detection during the finishing period resembled a point-source outbreak curve. Nineteen O:H serotypes were identified among the STEC isolates. Most STEC isolates (n = 148) belonged to serotype O59:H21 and carried thestx2egene. One O49:H21 STEC isolate carried thestx2eandeaegenes. High prevalence rates of STEC during the finishing period were observed, and STEC isolates in various non-O157 serogroups were recovered. These data enhance understanding of swine STEC epidemiology, and future research is needed to confirm whether or not swine STEC are of public health concern.

scholarly journals Emergence and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 in Fennec Fox Imported from Sudan to China

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Feng ◽  
Peipei Wen ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xiaohui Chi ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Esbl Producers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and genomic characteristics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in fennec fox imported from Sudan to China. We screened 88 fecal samples from fennec fox for ESBL-EC, using cefotaxime- and meropenem-supplemented selective medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar dilution method except for colistin and tigecycline; for colistin and tigecycline, testing was conducted by the broth microdilution method. ESBL-EC bacteria were sequenced, and their genomes were characterized. Plasmid conjugation, S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern blotting were performed for a MCR-1-producing isolate. The genetic environment of mcr-1 and ESBL genes was also investigated. A total of 29 ESBL-EC bacteria were isolated from 88 fennec fox (32.9%), while no carbapenemase producers were found. The most prevalent genotypes were the blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-14 genes, followed by blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-64. We detected nine sequence types among 29 ESBL-EC. Furthermore, the mcr-1 gene was detected in isolate EcFF273. Conjugation analysis confirmed that the mcr-1 gene was transferable. S1 PFGE, Southern blotting, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-64 were both located on a 65-kb IncI2 plasmid. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of ESBL-EC in fennec fox. The high prevalence of ESBL producers and the occurrence of MCR-1 producer in fennec fox imported into China from Sudan are unexpected. In addition, it clearly demonstrated that commensal E. coli strains can be reservoirs of blaCTX-M and mcr-1, potentially contributing to the dissemination and transfer of such genes to pathogenic bacteria among fennec fox. Our results support the implication of fennec fox as a biological vector for ESBL-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. IMPORTANCE The extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are a global concern for both animal and human health. There is some information indicating a high prevalence of ESBL producers in food animals. Moreover, there have been an increasing number of reports on ESBL-producing strains resistant to the last-resort antibiotic colistin with the global dissemination of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene, which is believed to have originated in animal breeding. However, little is known regarding the burden of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae on wild animals. No data were available on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among wild animals imported into China. This is the first study to investigate the microbiological and genomics surveillance investigation of ESBL colonization among fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) imported from Sudan to China, and we uncovered a high prevalence of ESBL-EC. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of colistin resistance in an isolate that harbored mcr-1 was also investigated. Results of characterization and analysis of 29 ESBL-producing E. coli may have important implications on our understanding of the transmission dynamics of these bacteria. We emphasize the importance of improved multisectoral surveillance for colistin-resistant E. coli in this region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in range beef calves at weaning

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. LAEGREID ◽  
R. O. ELDER ◽  
J. E. KEEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Culture ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Serologic Evidence

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska and South Dakota. Faecal culture for E. coli O157:H7 was performed and anti-O157 serum antibody titres were determined by blocking ELISA. Thirteen of the 15 herds (87%) were found to have at least one positive isolation of E. coli O157:H7 in faecal samples. Within positive herds, prevalence ranged from 1·7–20·0%, with an average of 7·4±6·2% s.d. of individual animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 in faeces. All herds had high prevalence of anti-O157 antibodies, ranging 63–100% of individuals within herds seropositive. This study indicates that E. coli O157:H7 infection before weaning, prior to entry into feedlots, is widespread. Furthermore, serologic evidence suggests that most calves (83%) and all herds (100%) have been exposed to E. coli O157.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of E. granulosus sheep strain (G1) infections in naturally infected dogs in Punjab (India)

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Singh ◽  
R. Sharma ◽  
J. Sharma ◽  
J. Singh Gill
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Base Pair Fragment ◽  
Stray Dog ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Sheep Strain

AbstractEchinococcosis is a preventable but neglected zoonosis in India. Although the disease in domestic animals is usually asymptomatic, huge economic losses have been reported due to cystic echinococcosis in livestock in India. The molecular characterization of Echinococcus from dog populations has not been previously carried out in Punjab (India). A total of 237 pet and stray dog faecal samples were collected and examined for the presence of eggs of the Taeniidae family in Punjab (India). A 255 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified and the presence of sheep strain (G1) of E. granulosus has been reported. We detected eggs of the Taeniidae family in 2.11 per cent of the faecal samples. High prevalence was recorded in stray dogs (9.52 %) living near slaughter shops/post mortem areas. The prevalence of E. granulosus sheep strain (G1) using PCR was found to be 0.84 per cent in naturally infected dogs. This is the first study confirming the presence of E. granulosus (G1) sheep strain in dogs in Punjab (India). The results reveal the presence of sheep strain of E. granulosus and demand implementation of Animal Birth Control programme so as to control the stray dog population of the country.

scholarly journals Diversity, geographical distribution, and prevalence of Entamoeba spp. in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Andernice dos Santos Zanetti ◽  
Antonio Francisco Malheiros ◽  
Tatiane Amorim de Matos ◽  
Carolina dos Santos ◽  
Paula Franciene Battaglini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Animal Hosts

The genus Entamoeba includes a variety of widely distributed species adapted to live in the digestive tracts of humans and a large variety of animals of different classes. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. in different classes of hosts in Brazil. Studies that analyzed hosts from several classes, including humans and domestic, wild, or captive animals, were considered. The pooled prevalence of Entamoeba spp. was calculated using the random-effects model. A total of 166 studies on humans and 16 on animals were included. The prevalence of Entamoeba spp. in the Brazilian population was 22% (95% CI: 21–24). The state with the highest prevalence was Paraiba with 72%, followed by Federal District with 53%, and Rondonia with 50%. In immunocompromized patients, the prevalence was 18%, and cancer (36%) was the most prevalent cause of immunosuppression. The prevalence of Entamoeba spp. in animal hosts was 12% (95% CI: 7–17). Captive wild animals and domestic farm animals showed the highest prevalence, with 16% and 15%, respectively. The species found more often were E. coli (86.5%), E. dispar (7.9%), and E. histolytica (3.1%). In conclusion, a high prevalence (22%) of Entamoeba spp. was found in the Brazilian population, with a prevalence of up to 50% mainly in the northern, northeastern, and central-western regions. The pathogenic species E. histolytica is distributed in most Brazilian regions, with significant prevalence percentages. Among animals, unidentified Entamoeba species were most prevalent in mammals.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

Penyelidikan KLB keracunan makanan acara ruwahan di desa Mulo, Gunung Kidul provinsi DIY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mur Prasetyaningrum ◽  
Z. Chomariyah ◽  
Trisno Agung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
E Coli

Tujuan: Studi ini untuk mengetahui gambaran KLB keracunan pangan yang terjadi di desa Mulo menurut deskripsi epidemiologi, faktor risiko dan penyebab KLB keracunan makanan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan studi analitik case control, dimana kasus adalah orang yang mengalami sakit pada tanggal 7 - 8 Mei 2017, tinggal di desa Mulo dan mengkonsumsi makanan olahan dari bapak S dan K. Instrument menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: KLB terjadi di Desa Mulo RT 5 dan 6 dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 18 orang dari total population at risk 112 orang dengan gejala utama diare (100%), mual (72,2%), demam (66,6%), pusing (66,6%) dan muntah (50%). Dari diagnosa banding menurut gejala, masa inkubasi dan agent penyebab keracunan, kecurigaan kontaminasi bakteri mengarah pada E. Coli (ETEC). Masa inkubasi 1-16 jam (rata-rata 9 jam) dan common source curve. Penyaji makanan ada dua (pak K dan pak S). Dari perhitungan AR, berdasarkan sumber makanan mengarah pada makanan dari pak S (AR=42,8%). Bedasarkan menu, perhitungan OR dan CI 95 % jenis makanan yang dicurigai sebagai penyebab KLB adalah urap/gudangan (OR=4,33; p value0,0071) dan sayur lombok (OR=6,31; p value 0,0071). Sampel yang didapatkan adalah sampel air bersih, feses, dan muntahan penderita, sampel makanan tidak didapatkan karena keterlambatan informasi dari masyarakat. Hasil laboratorium, Total Coliform sampel air bersih melebihi ambang batas, sampel feses dan muntahan mengandung bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia.Simpulan: Terdapat 3 (tiga) faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab keracunan pada warga Desa Mulo yaitu air bersih untuk mengolah makanan tercemar bakteri patogen, pengolahan makanan tidak hygienis dan penyajian makanan pada suhu ruang lebih dari 1 jam.

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