scholarly journals Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, risk factors and associated disorders: Knowledge of inhabitants and professionals in Fulbaria, Mymensingh

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Rani Bhowmick ◽  
Hamida Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Kala Azar

A total of 215 cases were recorded from the rural areas of Fulbaria upazila during June 2015 to May 2016. The prevalence of kala-azar was higher in male (51.22%) than female (36.96%). In the area, 10.1 - 20 years age group was the most prevalent group and the prevalence was found to decrease with the increase of age. Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) was developed in 38.14% of kala-azar patients of Fulbaria upazila. The prevalence of kala-azar was found 63.89% in mud house dwellers and when living in tin shed house but with earthen floor, the prevalence was 58.79%. On the other hand, 10.31% had single infection with kala-azar, 21.65% had double infection and 68.04% had multiple infection. Living in proximity to prior case, climatic change, racked mud house, humid area, cattle sheds made of cracked mud walls, lack of awareness and knowledge regarding kala azar were the risk factors. Total 45 professionals were interviewed in the Upazila Health Complex and Upazila Sub-Centers of the study area through a preset questionnaire. Of them, 71.11% had the appropriate acquaintance about the agent (Leishmania donovani) of kala-azar and 35.29% professionals had the correct comprehension regarding the reservoir of kala-azar (man). Most of them (91.11%) recommended rK 39 dipstick test as the single most important diagnostic blood test and Miltefosine and Amphotericin B are the most recommended drugs for treatment of kala-azar.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 73-83, 2017

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection among Children Aged 2-17 Years in Urban and Rural Areas of Dhaka District in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Shahana Banu ◽  
Be-Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Jubayer ◽  
Sultana Gulshana Banu ◽  
Khorsed Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Study

A multi-staged cross sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 -17 years to assess the level of soil transmitted helminthes (ST H) infections and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics among them. Two thousand children were randomly selected from two rural and four different communities of urban areas of Dhaka district since November 2009 to June 2010. Four different communities classified as higher, medium, poorer and slum/ low socio-economic groups from urban areas were selected on the basis of their place of residence with different socio-economic status. Urban study subjects were again sub grouped into upper (higher and medium socio-economic) and lower (poorer and slum/low socio-economic) classes. Stool specimens of the respondents were collected and tested at the Parasitology department of I E DCR , using the Kato-katz faecal technique for identification of helminthes eggs following their morphology (A. lumbricoides, Ttrichiura, and A. duodenale), and larval stage (S. stercoralis). About 32.15% study population harbored at least one of the four helminthes species. Baseline prevalence of infections and mean parasite loads for Ascaris lumbricoides were 40.61% and 600.80 e/g, for Trichuris trichiura 30.42% and 206.11e/g, and for A. duodenale 6.80% and 78.75 e/g. Three children (0.49%) were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis. Single infection of 78.32 % and double infection of 21.68 % were recorded. Single infection of A. lumbricoides (40.61%) and T trichiura (30.42%) and double infection of A. lumbricoides - T trichiura (18.61%) were more prevalent. T he prevalence of ST H infection was 25.47 % and 38.68 % for rural and urban areas respectively (P<.001). Among urban study subjects, the distribution of ST H infection was 0.0 % in the higher (living in higher socioeconomic areas) (only 3 samples could be collected), 26.75 % in medium (living in medium socio-economic areas), 45.95 % in poorer and 50.54 % in slum/low socio-economic groups. Significantly higher number of ST H infection was observed among lower than that in upper socio-economic classes (P <.001). These results suggest that ST H infections remain a serious health problem among children in Bangladesh and need appropriate prevention and control measures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16933 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 16-22

Colorectal cancer screening: Why do some people never participate? Results from the EDIFICE surveys.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 565-565
Author(s):  
Jerome Viguier ◽  
François Eisinger ◽  
Chantal Touboul ◽  
Christine Lhomel ◽  
Jean F. Morere
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult

565 Background: The aim of EDIFICE surveys is to improve insight into the behavior of the French population with regard to cancer prevention and participation in screening programs. Via the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, all average-risk individuals in the 50-74-yr age group are invited every 2 years to do a guaiac-based or immunochemical fecal occult blood test. This analysis focuses on lay-population reasons for not undergoing the test. Methods: The 5th nationwide observational survey was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1299 individuals with no history of cancer (age, 50-74 yrs) was interviewed between 22 November and 7 December 2016. Those who had never undertaken a screening test were asked for their reasons. Results: In total, 64% reported having undergone a screening test (colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test) at least once in their lifetime (coverage). There was a non-significant (NS) increase in coverage rates over the period 2014-2016. In 2016, the most frequently (36%) cited reason for not being screened was “individual negligence/not a priority”. This figure was significantly higher than in 2014 (24%, P < 0.05). Between one in four and one in five respondents answered “no risk factor” in both 2014 and 2016. Approximately one in ten respondents gave “pointlessness” as their reason for not being screened (12% in 2016 vs 8% in 2014, NS) while “fear of the examination or fear of the results”, “reasons related to the physician (he never suggested it” [3.8% in 2016] or “he recommended against screening” [2.5% in 2016]), or “refusal to participate”, all dropped significantly between 2014 and 2016. Conclusions: The issue of “individual negligence” requires further analysis so as to clearly define the categories of individuals who remain unreceptive to screening and identify how best to involve them. The significant mention of “no risk factors” reveals ignorance of the fact that the colorectal cancer screening program actually targets all individuals in a given age group, regardless of individual risk factors. The decrease in reasons involving “fear" or related to the physician may be a result of awareness campaigns and GP mobilization.

scholarly journals A study of blood pressure in rural and urban school children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
R. V. Baradol ◽  
Purushotham D. R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Early diagnosis of Hypertension is an important strategy in its control. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among school going children and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height, weight and BMI criteria and comparing the values with available standards.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study done in the age group of 10 to 16 years. Children were selected from urban and rural areas in and around Mysore city. Blood pressure measurements were taken by mercury Sphygmomanometer as per recommendation of American Heart Association. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender and anthropometry. All the statistical operations were done through SPSS.Results: The present study was conducted amongst children in the age group of 10-16 years in rural and urban schools. A total of 2000 children were included in the study. BP measurements of 1000 subjects in three urban school children and 1000 school children in one rural school children in Mysuru district were done. In rural school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.8% in males and 0.9% in females. In urban school children prevalence of systolic hypertension was 2.1% in males and 1.2% in females.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. Periodic measurement of blood pressure would identify hypertension at an early age. Further studies are needed to know the exact prevalence of hypertension and long term follow up studies are required to know the effect and risk factors associated in children with sustained hypertension.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of various risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwad region

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5101
Author(s):  
Murari Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Pushpa S. Patil ◽  
Umesh R. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Tobacco Usage

Background: Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is routinely carried out in developed countries. The aim was to study the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwada population.Methods: A total of 652 subjects (male-328; female-324) with an age group 15-64 years from rural and urban areas of Dharwad population were selected for the present study. Pregnant women, severe chronic illness, bedridden patients and subjects who refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Age-sex, religion educational status, and occupation, type of family, socioeconomic status followed by a questionnaire on the use of tobacco, alcohol were collected and tabulated.Results: Subjects with tobacco smoking habit were 30 (9.2%) in the urban area which was more in comparison to 11 (3.4%) in the rural area. In the urban area, tobacco usage was more among males (62.9%) and unemployed (55.9%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the rural area, tobacco usage was more among 40-64 years age group (39.4%), males (61.6%), literates (39.4%), employed (48.8%) and lower socioeconomic group (39.2%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The alcohol consumption habit among the study subjects was more in the age group of 40-64 years in both urban (18.3%) and rural (9.6%) area and they were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Consumption of tobacco, alcohol is the major risk factor in the management of cardiovascular diseases in the urban and rural population.

scholarly journals Household and Environmental Risk Factors for Kala-azar: A Case-Control Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Afsar Ahammed ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Salahuddin Feroz ◽  
Shahjada Selim ◽  
Biswajit Bhattacharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Control Study

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), commonly known as Kala-azar is a chronic febrile disease occurs widely throughout the world. There are many risk factors which can influence the causation of kala azar in Bangladeshi people.Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the Sociodemographic, household and environmental risk factors of kala-azar among a case series of Bangladeshi patients. Method: This case control study was carried out at inpatient department of Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from July 2010 to June 2011, for a period of 1(one) year.  The study samples were clinically and parasitologically confirmed kala-azar cases. The controls were rK 39 strip test negative hospitalized cases admitted for other reason.Results: Univariate analysis showed that nature of wall in the main structure, floor of the house, presence of cracks and crevices in walls, presence of a granary inside houses and presence of bamboo trees near houses, were risk factors for kala-azar. Multivariate analysis showed that Presence of cracks and crevices in walls (OR=3.429, 95%CI=1.037-11.338, P =0.043) and presence of bamboo tree around houses (OR=5.652, 95%CI =1.368-23.347, P =0.017) in rural areas of study region, were significant risk factors for kala-azar.Conclusion: These findings have important practical implications because they suggest that on improving housing and environmental conditions  in rural areas, may be particularly effective in reducing the incidence of kala-azar and its transmission of infection by sand fly vectors.Journal of Science Foundation, 2016;14(2):56-61

scholarly journals Demographic profile and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in North Western Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Meenu Jaju ◽  
Kalpna Jain ◽  
Surbhi Kanawa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Age Group

Background: The aim was to study the demographic profile and analyze risk factor associated with dry eye disease in North West Rajasthan, India.Methods: This was a hospital-based study conducted in Department of Ophthalmology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Sample size of this study was 100 patients. All participants underwent a general ophthalmic assessment including history of any previous ocular and systemic illness along with ocular examination on slit lamp and specific tests for dry eye (Schirmer's test and Tear film break up time) were performed.Results: Dry eye were seen maximum in age group 46 to 60 years (41%), followed by 61-75 years (23%). Female’s preponderance was seen compared with male. Dry eye patients belong from rural areas were (57%) while remaining (43%) from urban areas and among these highest were farmer/labourers (32%). Several known risk factors were found in this study which include post-menopause. Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users had strong association with dry eye. In Systemic disease rheumatoid arthritis was commonly associated with dry eye were. Smoking contact lens use were also associated with increased risk of developing dry eye.Conclusions: Dry eye disease are more common in older age group patients. Female’s preponderance were found in the study especially postmeopausal women. Dry eye disease are more common in patients belongs to rural areas. Risk factor associated with dry eye were Climatic condition like excessive wind, high temperature and computers users, systemic disease like rheumatoid arthritis Smoking, contact lens users.

EFFECT OF HERBAL TEA ON WEIGHT AND FITNESS OF ADULT

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARCHANA SINGH ◽  
TRAPTI SEN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Herbal Tea

Herbal tea is full of many medicinal qualities. It’s claimed that they can help with everything from easing a cold and indigestion to fighting infection and nausea. Dietary and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents are risk factors for several chronic diseases in adulthood. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Herbal Tea on weight and fitness. One hundred adolescents of age group 20-35 years in Agra district were selected and significant effects of herbal tea were observed on the health in youth.

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