scholarly journals Efficacy of empirical antibiotic prescription for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Shamima Akhter ◽  
SM Kamal ◽  
Md Farhadul Islam ◽  
Md Khosrul Alam Mollick ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. There is difficulty in identification of the causative organism due to lack of facility of sputum culture and sensitivity test in many hospitals of Bangladesh. So targeted anti microbial therapy is not possible and empirical antibiotic prescription is done. The choice of empirical selection of antibiotic should be the best effective drug for the treatment of CAP. Objective: To assess the efficacy of selected empirical antibiotic selection for the treatment of CAP. Methods: This prospective observational study involves 82 patients with CAP admitted in medicine ward of Khulna medical college hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh. Patients were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnosis of CAP was confirmed by chest x-ray. Empirical selection of antibiotic was based on clinical experience. Most of the patients were treated with combined antibiotic except a few with monotherapy. Evaluation of the empirical choice of ant biotic was done by the outcome. Data of different parameter were recorded during study in preformed proforma. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS. Result: Out of 82 patients 62 (76%) were male and 20 (24%) were female. Mean age was 54.4 (± 9.6) years. Duration of antibiotic treatment was 7 days. No drug related adverse effect was observed. One patient developed paraneumonic effusion and none of the patient developed lung parenchymal damage or lung abscess. All the patient recovered completely. Conclusion: CAP is treated in many hospitals of Bangladesh by selecting the antibiotic empirically. Improvement of hospital laboratories to perform sputum for culture and sensitivity test is necessary for selecting an effective anti biotic. Bang Med J (Khulna) 2019; 52 : 25-29

Effectiveness of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis: comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 917-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khader J. Abdul-Baqi ◽  
Farouk M. N. Shakhatreh
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

This study was performed to find out the effectiveness of three different treatments of patients having acute tonsillopharyngitis. Three groups of patients were selected (50 patients in each group). Group I received one antibiotic according to the result of culture and sensitivity test, while groups II and III received two antibiotics or one antibiotic respectively without a culture and sensitivity test. Diagnosis was based on the acutely subjective symptoms of sore throat and positive clinical examination findings. The effectiveness of treatment in group I (96 per cent) was statistically significant (p<0.05) and higher than group II (82 per cent) and group III (74 per cent), while the difference between group II and III was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Our findings demonstrate that a culture and sensitivity test of the throat swab is necessary before treating acute tonsillopharyngitis. It was suggested that there should be appropriate selection of antibiotics to preserve normal flora, avoidance antibiotics for viral infections, patient compliance with prescription and educational programmes directed at patients and physicians. All of these measures would assist in reducing the volume of antibiotic use, bacterial resistance and the overall cost of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis.

scholarly journals Aetiological Pattern of Haemoptysis in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khalilur Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman Khan ◽  
MH Tarik ◽  
MA Alim ◽  
MH Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lung Abscess ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Valvular Diseases ◽  
Aetiological Diagnosis

To identify the causes of haemoptysis and to diagnose the diseases clinically and cost effective laboratory investigations in our situation. Fifty consecutive cases of haemoptysis admitted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi during 2000-2001 were prospectively studied .Pulmonary tuberculosis was the commonest found in 19 (38%) cases. Tuberculer bacilli could be isolated in 5 (26.31%) of the cases. Eight (16%) patients were mitral valvular diseases . Bronchial carcinoma was 4(8%) of the series. Three patients (6%) were lung abscess. Six patients (12%) had bronchiectasis. Five patients (10%) had pneumonia. Remaining five (10%) patients were miscellaneous aetiology. In the present series it has been found that pulmonary tuberculosis and mitral valvular disease comprise 54% of the cases. Chest X-ray and sputum examination were found to be the two most useful investigations necessary for aetiological diagnosis of haemoptysis. Within limited resources the aetiological diagnosis of haemoptysis can easily be done in the majority of cases by doing chest X-ray and sputum examination in our country. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5015 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 22-25

scholarly journals Metastatic neck node - a clinical study of 60 cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maleka Afroz ◽  
Nasima Akhtar ◽  
Belayat Hossain Siddiquee
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Neck Node ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Neck Gland ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Supraglottic Larynx ◽  
Selection Of

Metastatic neck node is not uncommon in the otolaryngology department of a tertiary level hospital. Ignorance, illiteracy, delay in seeking medical advice and poor orientation of our general practitioners regarding management causes these patients to suffer from marked morbidity and mortality. It is a prospective study with random selection of sixty (60) cases of metastatic neck node admitted in the otolaryngology department of BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College Hospital during a period extending from September, 2002 to August, 2003. Here 53(88.33%) cases of metastatic neck nodes having a known primary in the head neck region and in other seven (11.67%) cases primary site of malignancy could not be detected. The commonest site of known primary was supraglottic larynx. Highest number 19 (31.67%) of presentation was seen in 5th decade. Male incidence 47 (78.33%) was more compared to female 13 (21.67%). Keywords: Neck gland, Metastatic neck node, Unknown primary.DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v15i1.4307 Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2009; 15(1): 26-30

scholarly journals Predisposing Factors and Surgical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Syed Hasan Imam Al-Masum ◽  
Syed AM Asfarul Abedin ◽  
Anup Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
Bishwojit Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Nazmul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition characterized by episodic partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. This cause apnoea or cessation of breathing. During sleep, muscles around the airway relax causing the throat and upper airway to narrow. This leads to snoring, but it can also lead to the airway being blocked. Trying to breathe against a blocked airway causes oxygen levels to fall and carbon dioxide to rise. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of ENT, Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital from April to September’2015. The purpose of the study was to prevent significant morbidity and enhancement of child growth. One hundred children of OSA were studied by detail history and clinical examination. All children whose parents consulted their ENT surgeon in Dhaka Shishu(Children) Hospital and DMCH for snoring or laboured breathing during sleep (nocturnal sweating particularly in the nuchal area, unusual sleeping positions, restless sleep, awakening and excessive movements, intercostals recession and dry mouth) were included in the study. More common predisposing conditions for OSA were obesity and Craniofacial anomalies which were 34% and 27% respectively. In present study most of the children (73%) were managed by Adenotonsillectomy and 27% children were manage by Adenoidectomy. Outcome data have demonstrated that surgical therapy can be successful in the treatment of OSA. Bangladesh Med J. 2017 May; 46 (2): 22-25

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patients through culture and sensitivity in a tertiary level hospital in Khulna

Mediscope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mitun Kumar Paul ◽  
Baishakhi Islam ◽  
KM Reza Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Background: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a chronic disease associated with irreversible consequences and serious intracranial and extracranial complications. Thereby early & effective treatment must be needed to avoid such complications. Objectives: This study was carried out to know antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria through culture and sensitivity for better management and to reduce resistance & morbidity due to CSOM. Methods: After taking proper approval from hospital administration, this study was conducted on 82 patients of clinically diagnosed cases of both Tubo-tympanic & Attico-antral variety of CSOM attending ENT OPD of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna from January 2018 to June 2018. After proper sample collection by sterile aural swabs, they were immediately sent to the microbiology laboratory of Gazi Medical College Hospital, Khulna for bacterial culture, isolation and identification. Routine antibacterial susceptibility was done as per CLSI guidelines. SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The commonest pathogens isolated were Staphylococci, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CONS), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. & others; mostly showing susceptibility to high end antibiotics like Ceftriaxone and Amoxiclav for staphylococcal infection & piperacillin-tazobactum for Pseudomonal infection. Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern determines the prevalent bacterial organism causing CSOM to start empirical treatment for a successful outcome, and thus to prevent the emergence of resistant strains. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 1: Jan 2020, Page 1-6

scholarly journals Emerging threat in antifungal resistance on superficial dermatophyte infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Razia Sultana ◽  
Md Wahiduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Superficial Mycosis ◽  
Cutaneous Mycosis ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Dermatophytosis are most common fungul infection globally and according to WHO the prevalence is about 20-25% and does not spare people of any race or age. Over the past few years antifungal resistance has been emerged due to irrational use of antifungal drugs in cutaneous mycosis. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of different antifungul drugs (Terbinafin. Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Griseofulvin) on superficial mycosis depending on various factors. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among the Superficial fungul infected patients from April' 2017 to October 2017 in Khulna Medical College Hospital (KMCH) and dermatologist's private chamber in Khulna city. All the enrolled patients were put on oral Terbinafin, Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Griseofulvin. Each patient was given single antifungal drug orally. These cases were thus followed up after two months of treatment to look for persistent infection, cure or any relapse clinically. Result: Among 194 patient 89 were given Tab. Terbinafin (250mg) where resistance cases were 20.22%. More cases (33.96%) were resistant to Cap. Fluconazol (50mg). High percentage of cases were resistant to Cap. Itraconazole (76.47%). Griseofulvin resistant cases were observed in 25.71%. Drug response is very poor (69%) in patient who had been suffering from diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Appropriate antifungal drugs should be chosen with strict indication, dose, duration, selection of perfect local preparation and taking laboratory facilities where necessary. Bang Med J (Khulna) 2018; 51 : 21-24

scholarly journals Pattern of Antibiotic Use in Different Departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Siddique ◽  
Prodip Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md. Manjurul Haque ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Background: Antibiotics are available as non-prescription drugs in pharmacies and irrational use is not uncommon. Diagnosis and treatment of most of the bacterial diseases are empirical. Microbial sensitivity patterns of common infections like respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, enteric fever, wound infection are not routinely available for decision making in drug selection. Lack of hospital restrictions on antibiotic use and inappropriate usage for prophylaxis are the main reasons for inappropriate therapy. Objective: To determine the pattern of antibiotic use in hospitalized patients of different departments of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this observational study, hospital records of total 400 patients were surveyed on 2 separate days of December 2013. Patients of both sexes from different departments receiving antibiotics were included in the study. Data was collected in a predesigned data collection sheet. Results: Of the total 400 patients 53.5% were male & 46.5% were female. 21% patients were of paediatric age group (upto 12 years) and 79% were adults. In maximum number of patients empirical antibiotic therapy was started. Culture and sensitivity tests were done before or during the course of treatment in only 48 patients (12%). Most commonly used antibiotic was ceftriaxone (49.75%) followed by metronidazole (17.5%) and ciprofloxacin (12.75%), while 7 patients (1.75%) received anti tubercular regimen. Combined antibiotics were used in 162 patients (40.5%). Conclusion: Most of the patients received empirical antibiotic therapy. Culture and sensitivity tests should be more practiced and emphasized before starting treatment. Energetic measures to stop inappropriate use of antibiotics should be taken to slow down the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22399 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 35-38

SIGNIFICANCE OF PLACENTAL HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PRETERM/TERM BIRTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kushwaha ◽  
Sanjeev Narang
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Medical College

Background: This study is cross-sectional, observational and comparative study, at Index Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh from July 2017 to July 2019 with sample size 100 placentae. Method: The placenta received was evaluated blinded of maternal pregnancy outcome. The pattern of morphology was evaluated both qualitatively (type of lesion) and quantitatively (number of lesions). Result: In Present study 79% of the deliveries were term deliveries and 21% were preterm deliveries. On placental macroscopy, placenta weight was significantly low among the neonates of preterm deliveries (370.00±60.49) as compared to term deliveries (440.89±55.22). Preterm placenta had higher number of abnormal placental lesion compared to term pregnancies. Conclusion: The uteroplacental insufficiency defined as placental infarct, fibrosis of chorionic villi, thickening of blood vessels, and poor vascularity of chorionic villi. Placental histopathological lesions are strongly associated with maternal under perfusion and uteroplacental insufficiency. These are the reasons for preterm birth. Thus, knowledge of the etiological factor can be use to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortility. Keywords: Placenta, Term & Preterm.

Isolation of post operative hospital acquired infections in a private hospital of Bangladesh and identification of clonal relatedness of E. coli by using Pulse filed gel electrophoresis

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mohammad Murshed ◽  
Sabeena Shahnaz ◽  
Md. Abdul Malek
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Dressing Materials

Isolation and identification of post operative hospital acquired infection was carried out from July 2008 to December 2008 in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (private hospital). The major pathogen of wound infection was E. coli. A total; of 120 samples were collected from the surrounding environment of post operative room like floor, bed sheets, instruments, dressing materials, catheter, nasogastric and endotracheal tube. E. coli (40%) was the predominant organism followed by S. aureus (24%). DNA fingerprinting analysis using pulsed field gel electreopheresis of XbaI restriction digested genomic DNA showed that clonal relatedness between the two clinical nd environmental isolates were 100%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i2.19369 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(02): 7-10

Rapid detection of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample of acute diarrheic children

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
K.Z. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Stool Sample ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stool Samples

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of pediatric diarrhea globally. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus diarrhea should reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics and ultimately reduce drug resistance. Study was designed for rapid diagnosis of Rotavirus antigen in stool sample by ICT (Immunochromatographic test) as well as to observe the seasonal variation of rotavirus infection. This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College from January 2011 to December 2011. Eighty stool samples were collected from Dhaka Shishu Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ICT. Among 80 patients, 42 (52.5%) samples were positive for rotavirus antigen. Among these 42 positive samples, 30 (71.43%) were from 0-12 months of age group, 10 (23.81%) from 13 to 24 months of age group and rest 2 (4.76%) from 25 to 36 months of age group. Rotavirus Ag was detected in stool samples from January to April and another peak episode from October to December. Considering the importance of Rotavirus associated diarrhea, rapid detection of Rotavirus infection in human is substantially needed and should be routinely practiced.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v6i1.19354 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2012; 06(01): 11-13

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