Trends Of Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi And Paratyphi In An Urban Hospital Of Dhaka City Over 6 Years Period

The antibiotic resistance pattern of salmonella is ever changing over time. The present study is a retrospective analysis of rate of isolation of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi and their antibiotic resistance pattern over 6 years period in an urban hospital of Dhaka city. Blood culture submitted in BIRDEM hospital from 2004-2009 were analyzed. Isolated Salmonella sp were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by a standard disc diffusion method. Among 385 isolated Salmonella sp 304 (79%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 81 (21%) were Salmonella enterica serover Paratyphi A. The rate of isolation of S. Paratyphi A has increased over 6 the year period from 14% to 24%. Resistance to individual first line anti-salmonella drugs has increased from 2004 to 2006 (42 to 63%) but has decreased thereafter. Similar pattern was found when simultaneous resistance to three first line antibiotics namely ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole were considered. Out of total 304 S. Typhi, 117 (38%) were simultaneously resistant to all three first line drugs compared to only 1.8% S. Paratyphi A. Analysis showed that 80 to 90% of isolated S. Typhi was nalidixic acid resistant (NARST) with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin while the rate for S. Paratyphi A was 71-94%. All S. Typhi and Paratyphi A were sensitive to ceftriaxone. The study showed that there was a gradual decline of resistance of S. Typhi to first line antibiotics but very high prevalence of nalidixic acid resistant S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i2.10097 IMCJ 2011; 5(2): 42-45

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Antibiotic resistance profiling of clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v11i1.57146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 14-16

Author(s):

Md Mobarok Hossain ◽

Tasnim Jabin ◽

Md Ifrat Hossain ◽

Mst Arzina Khatun ◽

Md Hossain Emam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Health Management ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Drug Resistance Pattern

The study was conducted to detect the antibiotic resistance profile of the clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A from 100 blood samples of patients from different age groups suspected to be suffering from enteric fever. The pure cultures of the bacterial isolates were collected from some renowned diagnostic centers of Dhaka and they were further characterized through the conventional culture, microscopy and biochemical examinations. These isolates were cross checked for the antibiogram profile by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against ten different types of antibiotics. Most of the isolates were found resistant against azithromycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%) and ceftazidime (75%). However, isolates showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (95%), levofloxacin (97%), cotrimoxazole (96%) and chloramphenicol (95%). These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of the drug resistance pattern of S. enterica Serovar Paratyphi A for better public health management. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 14-16

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Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Detection of Virulence Genes iss, and ompT in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens in Chitwan, Nepal

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2330783 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Saroj Sankhi ◽

Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽

Hom Bahadur Basnet ◽

Nirmal Raj Marasine ◽

Himal Luitel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

This study aimed to identify, evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and detect virulence genes iss, and ompT in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from broiler chickens in central Nepal. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the obtained isolates, the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used with six different commercial antibiotic discs: Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol and Levofloxacin. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the selected isolates (n=40) to screen the presence of the iss and ompT genes after the extraction of DNA using the boiling method Out of 60 suspected Colibacillosis liver samples, 40 were confirmed as E. coli positive The antibiogram profile revealed maximum resistance to Doxycycline (87.5%), followed by Levofloxacin (72.5%), Ciprofloxacin (67.5%), Chloramphenicol (40.0%), Gentamycin (32.5%) and Amikacin (10.0%).. The presence of the iss and ompT genes was found to be 100.0% and 90.0%, respectively. APEC was found to be highly resistant to most of the antibiotics. Virulence-associated genes iss and ompT were obtained at high percentages from Colibacillosis suspected broiler chickens in Chitwan, Nepal. These finding suggests that the judicial use of antimicrobials is compulsory to check antibiotic resistance and Colibacillosis outbreaks in poultry farms.

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Comparision of Antibiotic Susceptility of Levofloxacin with Other Commonly Tested Antibiotics Against Salmonella Enterica Serovar (Typhi And Paratyphi A)

Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/njms.v3i1.10344 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

A Chhetri ◽

A Manandhar ◽

Y Shah ◽

RC Simkhada ◽

R Paudyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a global problem. Fluoroquinolones are recommended as first line therapy for children and adults infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of different classes of antibiotics with levofloxacin from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients visiting Birhospital, Kathmandu. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauerdisc diffusion method as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Results: Among 50 isolates of Salmonella enterica, 39 (78%) were S.Typhi and 11 (22%) were S. Paratyphi A. All the isolates were tested against antibiotics, and all isolates were found sensitive to chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone whereas 3 isolates of S. Typhi were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 1 was resistant to levofloxacin. Fluoroquinolone resistant S. ParatyphiA was not observed. Among the 10 (20%) multi drug resistant isolates, only 1 isolate was resistant to levofloxacin which was S. Typhi. Both S.Typhi (96.7%) and S. Paratyphi A (89.4%) were resistant to Nalidixic acid. Conclusion: High level of nalidixic acid resistance and even some fluoroquinolone resistance showed that the treatment of the enteric fever cannot be relied on the fluoroquinolones. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 19-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10344

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Evaluation of Class 1 and 2 Integrons and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Diarrheal Food-Borne Outbreaks in Iran

Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control ◽

10.18502/jfqhc.6.3.1384 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S.F. Sayadnouri ◽

M.M. Soltan Dallal ◽

S. Akbarzadeh ◽

R. Mazaheri Nezhad Fard

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Control Measures ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Chi Square ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Food Borne ◽

Class 1

Background: Salmonella spp. are major causes of food-borne disease and have been identified among many diarrheal outbreaks. The major aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the class 1 and 2 integrons and antibiotic resistance pattern in Salmonella enterica isolated from diarrheal food-borne outbreaks in Iran. Methods: This study was carried out on 115 diarrheal feces samples obtained from food-borne outbreak in 2016 in Iran. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of 27 isolated S. enterica seovars and presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons in the serovars were investigated using conventional and molecular methods. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software v. 21 and Chi-Square test. Results: Overall, 27 S. enterica were characterized as 14 S. Paratyphi C, 7 S. Enteritidis, 5 S. Paratyphi D, and 1 S. Paratyphi A serovars. Results of molecular assay showed that class 1 integron presented in all and class 2 integron in three strains. All isolates with class 2 integron genes were resistant to almost all the antimicrobials. Conclusion: Most studied Salmonella strains from diarrheal food-borne outbreak of Iran in 2016 were multiple resistant to the highlighted antimicrobials. Knowledge about risk factor involving the salmonellosis and their control measures could help the national authorities to prevent the outbreaks. Further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to acquire more data about risk factors of multiple resistant Salmonella outbreaks in the country.

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Exploring Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Eggs in Rajshahi

European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.4.328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Md Hakimul Haque ◽

Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽

Md. Lovelu Miah ◽

Soshe Ahmed ◽

Md. Rabiul Islam Sazib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Chicken eggs are a major component of people’s diets, with an average yearly consumption of approximately 103 eggs per person in Bangladesh. Eggs act as an important carrier of food-borne pathogen worldwide. The study was conducted to identify the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp., in eggs isolated from farms and different markets of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 60 eggs were collected randomly between April to December 2019. The isolation and identification of bacterial pathogen was done in accordance with standard procedures. The bacterial isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against seven commonly used antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. An overall prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. were found to be 35.0%, 28.33%, and 23.33%, respectively. E. coli were found highly resistant to penicillin (100%), tetracycline (80.95%), ampicillin (100%), and erythromycin (85.71%) and were sensitive to amoxicillin (71.42%), ciprofloxacin (85.71%), and gentamicin (95.23%). Salmonella spp. was highly resistant to penicillin (100%), erythromycin (82.35%) and tetracycline (82.35%), and was sensitive to gentamicin (94.11%), amoxicillin (76.47%) and ciprofloxacin (70.58%). Staphylococcus spp. was resistant to penicillin (100%), erythromycin (78.57%), tetracycline (85.71%), amoxicillin (100%), and ampicillin (100%) but sensitive to ciprofloxacin (85.71%), and gentamicin (92.85%). The higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can easily enter the food chain, which poses a public health threat.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Propionibacterium acnes Isolated from Patients with Acne Vulgaris at the Dermatology Clinics of Kasr Al-Ainy Teaching Hospital Egypt

10.51429/ejmm29301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Rasha A. Elfekki ◽

Nesrin Samir ◽

Nadia Hafez Ouda ◽

Asmaa S. Hegab

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

National Committee ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Resistant Strains

Background: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris since the beginning of the last century. Over several decades, topical and systemic antibiotics have been the main line of treatment for acne vulgaris. However, in the present era of increased antibiotic usage, resistant strains have emerged. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of P. acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris at the dermatology clinics of Kasr Al-Ainy teaching Hospital. Methodology: Specimens from 100 patients with acne vulgaris were extracted from the pustules, taken by sterile cotton swabs and transported by thioglycolate media. Each swab was inoculated onto two blood agar plates, one incubated aerobically at 37ºC for 24h and the other anaerobically for one week. P. acnes was identified by Gram stain and biochemical tests. Their sensitivity to doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, azithromycin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole was determined on Muller Hinton media by disc diffusion method. Results were interpreted according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: A total of 44 P. acnes isolates were identified from 100 patients with acne vulgaris, out of which 22.7% were resistant to clindamycin, 11.4% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 9% were resistant to erythromycin. Resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline or azithromycin was not detected. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed statistically significant difference in the resistance pattern compared to patient’s sex (p = 0.029) and to receiving previous treatment (p = 0.018). Conclusion: P. acnes is prevalent in patients with acne vulgaris (44%) and resistant strains are detected especially in those who have received previous therapy for more than 2 weeks (68%). It is recommended that dermatologists and family physicians follow the guidelines for proper management of acne, with the judicious use of antibiotics, in order to prevent antibiotic resistance.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in Iran

International Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.18502/ijml.v5i4.153 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahimeh Nourbakhsh ◽

Elaheh Tajbakhsh ◽

Dana Daneshmand ◽

Samaneh Borooni ◽

Vajiheh Nourbakhsh

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Burn Center ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen frequently causing various nosocomial infections and is a serious threat to burn patients. These infections are usually caused by the outbreak strains. The aim of this study was to show antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular typing of A.baumannii genes isolates collected from burn patients and also distribution of different types of burn patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 307 different strains were detected. Totally 100 A.baumannii strain was selected in burn center of Isfahan hospital. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The presence of genes coding in antibiotic resistance were analyzed by using M-PCR method. The standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and A. baumannii ATCC 19606 were used as negative and positive controls. Results: The antibiotic resistance pattern for A.baumannii showed high resistance for ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and tetracycline with frequency of 82.5%, 75.3%, 72%, respectively. Moreover, the most sensitive antibiotics were chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin with the resistance frequency of 3.9% and 2.8%. CITM (91.1%) was the highest detected gene. Conclusions: High prevalence of antibiotic resistance pattern among A.baumannii isolated from burn center hospitals indicates the important role of multidrug resistant isolates.

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Antibiotic resistance pattern among aerobic bacterial isolates from osteomyelitis cases attending a Tertiary care hospital of North India with special reference to ESBL, AmpC, MBL and MRSA production

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170137 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

Razia Khatoon ◽

Shameem Ahmad Khan ◽

Noor Jahan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Background: Osteomyelitis is a common cause of morbidity in developing countries. Its treatment comprises of surgical debridement of all necrotic bone and soft tissue along with use of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Treatment is becoming increasingly troublesome due to rise in drug resistant isolates in osteomyelitis cases. The present study was done to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern among aerobic bacterial isolates from osteomyelitis cases.Methods: 125 samples from osteomyelitis cases were aerobically cultured and isolates from culture positives were identified by standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Staphylococcal isolates were screened for methicillin resistance and Gram negative bacilli were screened and confirmed for ESBL, AmpC and MBL production.Results: Out of 125 samples cultured, 20 were culture negative and 105 were culture positive giving rise to 120 isolates (58 Gram positive and 62 Gram negative organisms). The prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcal (MRS) isolates, ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers was found to be 43.1%, 51.6%, 24.2% and 14.5% respectively. All the resistant isolates were multidrug resistant, with MRS being 100% sensitive only to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin, ESBL and AmpC producers being 100% sensitive only to imipenem and colistin, and MBL producers being 100% sensitive only to colistin.Conclusions: Antibiotic therapy on the basis of antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps the clinician to choose appropriate drugs leading to successful treatment and prevention of emergence and dissemination of drug resistant isolates.

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Assessment of Gut Bacteria Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among Psychotropic Drug Users as Compared With Apparently Healthy Controls: Comparative Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-96883/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Solomon Ali ◽

Zufan Hailu Marame ◽

Mubarek Abera ◽

Mulatu Gashaw

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Psychotropic Medications ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Apparently Healthy

Abstract Introduction: In the 21st century, antibiotic resistance is becoming one of the major global public health threats. Several complex factors are associated with the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. Emerging evidences are indicating that drugs used for chronic illness conditions might have a contribution for antibiotic resistance either through drug-drug interactions or metabolism of the drugs by gut microbiota.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the bacteria profile and resistance patterns of gut bacteria isolated from participants using psychotropic drugs and apparently healthy controls. Methods: Socio demographic data were collected from patients using psychotropic medications and apparently healthy persons. Clinical data was collected from patient records. Stool samples were collected from 107 patients using psychotropic medications and 107 apparently healthy controls. Gut bacteria flora were isolated as per recommended bacteria culture isolation and identification methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disk diffusion method and Mast disks were used to identify extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC producing isolates. Result: A total of 245 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. From these 124 (50.6%) bacteria were isolated from patients using Psychotropic medications. There was no bacteria profile difference between the two groups. Escherichia coli was the prevalent [100(80.6%) and 102 (84.3%)] bacteria isolated from patients using psychotropic medications and apparently healthy controls, respectively. Escherichia coli isolated from patients using psychotropic medications showed significantly higher resistance against tested amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporin (2nd, 3rd, 4th generations), Meropenem, ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline. The odds of isolating ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae [(OR=2.3, 95% C.I: (1.4-4.0)] and MDR [OR=5.4, 95% C.I:(1.5-29.8)] was higher on patients using psychotropic medications. Conclusion: The observed antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from guts of patients using psychotropic medications was very high. The magnitude of antibiotic resistance is more pronounced among E.coli isolates.

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