scholarly journals Effect of seedbed solarization on plant growth and yield of two rice varieties–BR11 and BRRI Dhan33

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
MG Neogi ◽  
AKM Salah Uddin ◽  
MT Uddin ◽  
J Lauren
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out at RDRS Farm in Rangpur during the 2014 T. aman rice season to determine the impact of seedbed solarization on plant growth and yield of rice varieties, BR11 and BR33. Solarization was achieved by covering the seedbeds with transparent polythene sheet for four weeks prior to sowing. Seedlings of both varieties were raised on solarized and non-solarized seedbeds and later transplanted into the main field for comparison of growth and yield. Emergence, seedling height and weight, root length and weight were higher with seedlings raised on solarized seedbeds compared to seedlings from non-solarized seedbeds. Also root knot nematode galls decreased significantly on seedlings from solarized seedbeds compared to those from non-solarized seedbeds for both the varieties tested. The increase in height and weight of solarized seedlings enabled easy access for uprooting and transplanting seedlings in the main field within the recommended 20-25 days after sowing. When transplanted in untreated main fields, plants grown from the solarized seedlings of both the rice varieties had significantly less infestation of stem borer as compared to non-solarized plants. Grain yields obtained from solarized seedlings were 7% higher for BR11 and 9% higher for BR33 relative to normal seedlings.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(1): 55-59, January 2017

The role of plant-parasitic nematodes in reducing yield of sugarcane in fine-textured soils in Queensland, Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
G. R. Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Damage to sugarcane caused by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is well documented in infertile coarse-textured soils, but crop losses have never been assessed in the fine-textured soils on which more than 95% of Australia’s sugarcane is grown. The impact of nematodes in these more fertile soils was assessed by repeatedly applying nematicides (aldicarb and fenamiphos) to plant and ratoon crops in 16 fields, and measuring their effects on nematode populations, sugarcane growth and yield. In untreated plant crops, mid-season population densities of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae), root-knot nematode (M. javanica), stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus annulatus), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus dihystera) and stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus minor) averaged 1065, 214, 535, 217 and 103 nematodes/200 mL soil, respectively. Lower mean nematode population densities were recorded in the first ratoon, particularly for root-knot nematode. Nematicides reduced populations of lesion nematode by 66–99% in both plant and ratoon crops, but control of root-knot nematode was inconsistent, particularly in ratoons. Nematicide treatment had a greater impact on shoot and stalk length than on shoot and stalk number. The entire community of pest nematodes appeared to be contributing to lost productivity, but stalk length and final yield responses correlated most consistently with the number of lesion nematodes controlled. Fine roots in nematicide-treated plots were healthier and more numerous than in untreated plots, and this was indicative of the reduced impact of lesion nematode. Yield responses averaged 15.3% in plant crops and 11.6% in ratoons, indicating that nematodes are subtle but significant pests of sugarcane in fine-textured soils. On the basis of these results, plant-parasitic nematodes are conservatively estimated to cost the Australian sugar industry about AU$82 million/annum.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
Faisal Imran ◽  
Rashid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽  
Tariq Rafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Bitter gourd is one of the important cucurbits and highly liked among both farmers and consumers due to its high net return and nutritional value. However, being monoecious, it exhibits substantial variation in flower bearing pattern. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to influence crop phenology while gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most prominent PGRs that influence cucurbits phenology. Therefore, a field trial was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of a commercial product of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, yield and quality attributes of two bitter gourd (Momordica charantiaL.) cultivars. We used five different concentrations (0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, 1.0 g, and 1.2 g per litre) of commercial GA3 product (Gibberex, 10% Gibberellic acid). Results showed that a higher concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 g L−1 water) enhanced the petiole length, intermodal length, and yield of bitter gourd cultivars over control in Golu hybrid and Faisalabad Long. A significant decrease in the enzyme superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities were observed with an increasing concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 gL−1 water) as compared to control. These results indicate that the exogenous application of gibberex at a higher concentration (1.2 g L−1) has a dual action in bitter gourd plant: i) it enhances the plant growth and yield, and ii) it also influenced the antioxidant enzyme activities in fruits. These findings may have a meaningful, practical use for farmers involved in agriculture and horticulture.

Resistance in Mungbean Against Meloidogyne incognita and its Impact on Nodulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narpinderjeet Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Sukhjeet Kaur ◽  
Anupam Anupam ◽  
Asmita Srari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Kharif Season ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Mungbean is an economically as well as nutritionally enriched crop. Of the different soil borne pathogens attacking mungbean, root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) is an important pathogen affecting growth and production of mungbean. It is grown in summer as well as in kharif season. The germplasm of mungbean of two seasons’ viz., summer and kharif was screened to identify new sources of resistance against root knot nematode, M. incognita. In addition to screening; studies were also conducted on the impact of root knot nematode infestation in roots on nodulation character of mungbean and growth parameters. Of the sixty three genotypes evaluated in summer, seven were found to be moderately resistant. In kharif season, only three genotypes were found to be moderately resistant. M. incognita infestation was also observed to affect the plant growth parameters as well as nodulation on roots of mungbean genotypes. Comparatively, better plant growth and higher nodulation was observed in moderately resistant genotypes as compared to the susceptible ones. The ten identified moderately resistant genotypes from two seasons can be a useful source in breeding programmes for developing cultivars to manage root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Influence on Meloidogyne incognita and Thielaviopsis basicola and Their Interaction on Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaraba ◽  
C. S. Rothrock ◽  
T. L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
K. R. Brye
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fungal Reproduction ◽  
The Impact

Microplots were used to evaluate the impact of soil texture on Meloidogyne incognita, Thielaviopsis basicola, and their interaction on cotton. A native silt loam soil (48% sand) and four different artificial soil textures produced by mixing native soil with sand (53, 70, 74, and 87% sand) were studied. Each soil texture was infested with 0, 4, or 8 M. incognita eggs and 0 or 20 T. basicola chlamydospore chains per gram of soil in a factorial treatment arrangement. Plots were watered when soil moisture fell below –10 joules/kg for the first 21 days and –30 joules/kg from 22 days to harvest. Plant growth was suppressed early in the season and midseason by T. basicola. M. incognita suppressed plant growth and delayed plant development late in the season across all soil textures. Cotton yield was lower in the presence of either T. basicola or M. incognita. An interaction between M. incognita and T. basicola, which decreased plant growth and yield, occurred in 2006 when neither pathogen caused substantial plant damage. Plant growth, development, and yield were lowest in soils with >74% sand. Root colonization by T. basicola and fungal reproduction and survival decreased in soil having 87% sand. M. incognita generally caused more galling and reproduction in soils as sand content increased. Root galling severity and M. incognita reproduction were suppressed by the presence of T. basicola in soil at sand contents lower than 87%. Soil texture had a greater impact on T. basicola than on M. incognita in this study.

The impact of yellow stem-borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on deepwater rice, with special reference to Bangladesh

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Deepwater Rice ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUsing several methods, claims that stem-borers, especially Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), cause serious crop loss in deepwater rice were tested in Bangladesh. Insecticides were used to control different borer broods. Early season, pre-flood applications reduced infestation, but did not affect yield. One to three mid- to late-season applications of monocrotophos at 250 g a.i./ha significantly reduced infestation and/or whitehead numbers, with yield savings (7-10%) similar to those which earlier workers obtained by applying diazinon 20 times in a season. In each of six years, tiller populations peaked before flooding, then steadily declined until harvest, but stem-borer infestation varied, remaining low until late season in two of the years. In 1981, infestation lower than 24% pre-flood and 42% at harvest did not affect yield. In 1982, eighty-four correlation calculations showed no consistent significant effects of infestation (27-60%, C.V. 40%) on yield (25 000 stems were dissected). Anatomical studies of elongated stems revealed S. incertulas feeding neither causes significant structural damage nor seriously interrupts nutrient flow; also, the passage of a larva through a nodal septum is not detrimental. Irrespective of stem-borer attack, the submerged lower internodes commonly die, the fibrous remains anchor the upper stem, and nodal roots take over nutrient uptake. Studies of panicle-bearing stems (n = 838) showed that, even with 97% stem infestation, most yield loss results from infestation of the terminal internode and is manifested predominantly as whiteheads. In a specific study, 94% whiteheads (n = 205) were associated with terminal internode infestation, where larval feeding in the narrow stem had disrupted food conduction, so preventing grain-filling. The apparent tolerance of S. incertulas by deepwater rice varieties is consistent with their being a primitive group of cultivated rices.

scholarly journals Corn Growth and Yield on Suboptimal Upland Soil After Amended with Biochar and Low Levels of Fertilizer in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Sutarman Gafur ◽  
Saeri Sagiman ◽  
Tatang Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Upland Soil ◽  
Soil C ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Treatment Package ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Packages

Biochar is already well-known as a soil amendment material that has great potential to improve degraded soil properties. However, in order to maximize its role in improving important soil characteristics to support plant growth, it needs to be combined with other potential materials. In this study we are seeking a treatment package that is potentially useful and locally affordable.  This experiment is designed to study the effects of biochar and low input of NPK treatment packages on corn growth and yield in suboptimal upland soil of West Kalimantan, and to study the impact of these treatments on some important soil characteristics.  Four treatment levels were used: T0 (control), T1 (Biochar 5% (W/W), and NPK 300kg/ha), T2 (Biochar 5%, and NPK 600 kg/ha), T3 (Biochar 10% and NPK300 kg/ha, and T4 (Biochar 10% and NPK 600 kg/ha). Each treatment had four replications.  The results show that total plant dry weight increased from 151 g/plant (T1) to 237 g/plant (T4), while total corn production increased from 12.9 (T1) to 15.7 ton/ha (T4).  Furthermore, all treatment packages also significantly increased soil pH, C-organic content, CEC, and soil C/N ratios.  Moreover, the content of N, P, K, in the soil by the end of the experiment also increased on average 163, 1143, and 432%, respectively.  In short, all biochar based treatments significantly increased plant growth, yields, and some important soil charactersitics.  We highly recommend T3, with lower NPK levels than normally recommended, as a treatment package to be further field tested in suboptimal upland soil in West Kalimantan.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Bacillus Spp., Pseudomonas Spp. and Cannabis sativa Promote Plant Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Comeau ◽  
Carole Balthazar ◽  
Amy Novinscak ◽  
Nadia Bouhamdani ◽  
David L. Joly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Impact

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) deploy several mechanisms to improve plant health, growth and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two Pseudomonas spp. strains and three Bacillus spp. strains used as single treatments and in consortia to improve the yield of Cannabis sativa and characterize the impact of these treatments on the diversity, structure and functions of the rhizosphere microbiome. Herein, we demonstrate a significant C. sativa yield increase up to 70% when inoculated with three different Pseudomonas spp./Bacillus spp. consortia but not with single inoculation treatments. This growth-promoting effect was observed in two different commercial soil substrates commonly used to grow cannabis: Promix and Canna coco. Marker-based genomic analysis highlighted Bacillus spp. as the main modulator of the rhizosphere microbiome diversity and Pseudomonas spp. as being strongly associated with plant growth promotion. We describe an increase abundance of predicted PGPR metabolic pathways linked with growth-promoting interactions in C. sativa.

Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Implementation into a Corn Production System

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-253
Author(s):  
Stephen Till ◽  
Kathy Lawrence ◽  
Patricia Donald ◽  
Drew Schrimsher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most important nematode pathogens in Alabama owing to its wide host range and yield loss on major agronomic crops. Management of root-knot nematode is undervalued in corn production owing to relatively low prices for corn at the market, less obvious symptoms, and smaller yield losses compared with cotton and soybeans, plus an overall lack of management options. However, growing successive susceptible crops in root-knot nematode-infested fields only heightens the risk of future yield loss. We evaluated use of starter fertilizers and plant growth regulators with nematicides as an economically viable option to reduce the impact of M. incognita on corn. In 2 years of research, we concluded that the combination of all three inputs provided positive economic returns in only one out of four trials. In 2016, the location with the lower root-knot nematode population density saw significant advantages with these input combinations. In 2017, dramatic advantages in early plant growth were observed with a variety of combinations, but owing to unfavorable growing conditions, yield increases were not observed. We concluded that an early plant growth increase due to applications of starter fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and nematicides often did not correlate to increased yield, although the potential exists.

scholarly journals Small-Sized Nanophosphorus Has a Positive Impact on the Performance of Fenugreek Plants under Soil-Water Deficit Stress: A Case Study under Field Conditions

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Alaa I. B. Abou-Sreea ◽  
Marwa Kamal ◽  
Dalia M. El Sowfy ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Gamal F. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient necessary for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Two field experiments were carried out in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 on P-deficient soil to evaluate the impact of foliar fertilization with nanophosphorus (nP) on growth, yield, and physio-biochemical indices, as well as trigonelline content of fenugreek plants under deficient irrigation (dI) stress (a deficit of 20 and 40% of crop evapotranspiration; dI-20 and dI-40). The growth and yield traits, leaf integrity (relative water content and membrane stability index), photosynthetic pigment contents, leaf and seed P contents, and stem and leaf anatomical features significantly decreased under dI-20, with greater reductions recorded under dI-40. In contrast, water-use efficiency, osmoprotective compounds, including free amino acids, soluble sugars, proline, and trigonelline, along with antioxidant contents (ascorbate, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids) and their activity increased significantly under both dI-20 and dI-40. However, foliar feeding with nano-P considerably increased plant growth and yield traits, leaf integrity, photosynthetic pigments contents, leaf and seed P contents, and anatomical features. Besides, water-use efficiency, osmoprotectant contents, and antioxidant content and activity were further increased under both dI-20 and dI-40. The positive effects were more pronounced with the smaller nP (25 nm) than the larger nP (50 nm). The results of this study backed up the idea of using foliar nourishment with nP, which can be effective in modulating fenugreek plant growth and seed production.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Ambient Ozone on Growth and Yield of Crop at Rampur, Chitwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kharel ◽  
L. P. Amgain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crop Maturity

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during March-July 2008 to explore the impact of ambient ozone on crop growth and yield. Mungbean cultivar "Pratikshya" was used as a test crop for the study. Mungbean plants were planted in 40 pots and 50% of the plants (i.e. plants in 20 pots) were treated with ethylenediurea (EDU) from 13 DAS to crop maturity at 10 days intervals. The ambient ozone level of the site was measured with passive samplers. The ozone level ranged from 29.3 to 39.1 ppb at the experimentation site during the cropping period. It was found that the ambient ozone at the site caused significant effects on plant growth and yield. The observed ambient ozone was found to reduce the growth parameters like plant height, per plant number of leaves, and number of branches by 10%, 27.74%, and 10.88%, respectively at 70 DAS while it reduced per plant number of seeds (13.17%), seed dry weights (19.67%), test weight (g/1000 seeds), (10.28%), total above-ground biomass (16.60%), harvest index (6.25%), and shelling percentage (5.07%) of controlled over EDU treated plants (ozone protected). The study clearly indicated that ambient ozone contributes to lower plant growth and crop yield.Key words: Ambient ozone; Ethylenediurea (EDU); Passive samplerThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 40-45Uploaded Date: 15 Septembre, 2010

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