Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Undergraduate Students of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal

Background: The university period is taken as a risk period for the onset of several mental disorders as this period is stressful and most of the lifetime mental disorders start typically during this young age. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduates residing at Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 undergraduates from different academic institutions of Pokhara Metropolitan using DASS-21 to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants was found to be 38.2%, 46.9%, and 24.1% respectively. The level of depression and stress was not associated with the academic discipline but the higher prevalence was noted among the students from the non-technical group. The major risk factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress were parental education, family history of psychiatric disorders, self-esteem, and academic performance.Conclusions: The prevalence of mental disorders is high among the undergraduates. Further assessment of these disorders targeting students from different academic disciplines is recommended.Keywords: Anxiety; depression; risk factors; stress; undergraduates

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Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

International Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijns.v4i1.28585 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MS Bari ◽

M Alam ◽

M Uddin ◽

MK Rahman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

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Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in two tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar: a comparative cross-sectional study

Journal of Rehman Medical Institute ◽

10.52442/jrmi.v6i3.185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Hira Bakhtiar ◽

Maria Malik A. Khaliq ◽

Asif Nawaz ◽

Muhammad Asif ◽

Siraj Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Introduction: Postpartum depression has become a common complication in women in their postpartum period, affecting not only the mother but her child and her family. Due to lack of awareness regarding the subject it has been widely neglected, especially in Pakistan.Objective: To determine and compare the frequency and risk factors associated with postpartum depression in a public and a private tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.Materials & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynecology and Pediatrics OPD and Pediatrics ward of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) and Gynecology and Pediatrics OPD as well as the vaccination center of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) over a period of 6 months (January to June 2016). The women were interviewed after obtaining informed consent during 1-12 months of their postpartum period using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as well as a pretested self-structured questionnaire. Chi Square test and binary logistic regression were used to determine the relative significance of various risk factors for PPD.Results: A total of 280 women were interviewed, 140 in each hospital, their ages ranging from 16 to 45 years. The frequency of PPD calculated at RMI was 62.7% and at HMC it was 37.3% (p=0.001). Risk factors that showed a close association with PPD included the level of education of women (p=0.008), family support (p=0.022), and history of previous trauma (p= 0.055).Conclusion: Postpartum depression is twice as likely to occur in a private tertiary care hospital compared to a public one, and appears related to educational status, family help, and history of trauma.Keywords: Depression, Postpartum; Postpartum Period, Mothers; Child; Breast Feeding; Childbirth

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Breast cancer awareness, risk factors and screening practices among future health professionals in Ghana: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253373

Author(s):

Sandra Osei-Afriyie ◽

Albert Kwesi Addae ◽

Samuel Oppong ◽

Hubert Amu ◽

Emmanuel Ampofo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breast Examination ◽

History Of ◽

The University

Background Like many other women in the developing world, the practice of breast cancer screening among Ghanaian women is unsatisfactory. As a result, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages leading to poor outcomes including mortalities. An understanding of the awareness and predictors of breast examination is an important first step that may guide the design of interventions aimed at raising awareness across the general population. This study aimed to explore the awareness, risk factors, and self-reported screening practices of breast cancer among female undergraduate students at the University of Health and Allied Sciences. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 female undergraduate students using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed using Stata Version 13.1 and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics comprising frequency, percentage, chi-square, and binary logistic regression. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed to quantify the association between regular Breast-Self Examination (BSE) and socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Results Seventy-three per cent of the students were aware of breast cancer, with social media being the most important source of information (64.4%). The prevalence of breast cancer risk factors varied from 1% of having a personal history of breast cancer to 14.3% for positive family history of breast cancer. Current use of oral pills/injectable contraceptives was confirmed by 13.2% of participants; 20% were current alcohol users and10.1% were physically inactive. Regarding breast examination, 42.6% performed BSE; 10.1% had Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), while 2.3% had undergone mammography in the three years preceding the study. Women who did not believe to be susceptible to breast cancer (AOR: 0.04; 95%CI: 0.02–0.09) and those who did not know their risk status (AOR: 0.02; 95%CI: 0.005–0.57) were less likely to perform regular BSE compared to those who displayed pessimism. Further, women with no religious affiliation had 0.11 (95%CI: 0.02–0.55) odds of examining their breast regularly compared to Christians. Conclusion This study demonstrated moderate awareness of the modalities of breast cancer screening and the risk factors of breast cancer among the students. However, there exists a gap between awareness and practice of breast cancer screening, which was influenced by optimism in breast cancer risk perception and religion. Awareness campaigns and education should be intensified in the University to bridge this gap.

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Factors associated with depression and anxiety in the adult population of Qatar after the first COVID-19 wave: a cross-sectional study

Discover Psychology ◽

10.1007/s44202-021-00009-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Salma Mawfek Khaled ◽

Iman Amro ◽

Lina Bader ◽

Peter Woodruff ◽

Majid A. Alabdulla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prior History ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

AbstractThere is limited data from Arabic-speaking countries on risk factors for depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-specific data is necessary given differences in culture, demographics, and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. The main purpose of the study is to identify the factors associated with symptoms of depression-anxiety in the adult population of Qatar during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Qatar between July and December 2020 after Qatar’s first COVID-19 wave and before the beginning of the second wave. Depression-anxiety was defined as a cut-off of 20 or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Of 1138 participants, 71.0% were female, 69.0% Arabs, 70.0% Non-Qataris, and 77.0% were < 40 years (the median age in Qatar is 32 years). In a fully-adjusted model, six variables were significantly associated with moderate-to-severe levels of depression or anxiety on the PHQ-ADS; Arab ethnicity (OR = 1.67, p = 0.026), never married versus married (OR = 1.69, p = 0.015), prior history of psychiatric disorder versus no history (OR = 1.80, p = 0.009), increased worries due to social media use for COVID-related news/updates (OR = 1.72, p = 0.003), a history of COVID-19 (OR = 1.76, p = 0.039), loneliness (OR = 1.91, p < 0.001), and lower levels of religiosity (OR = 0.96, p = 0.039). These associations also pertained in the reduced model, with the exception of religiosity which was only marginally statistically significant (OR = 0.97, p = 0.055). The potential risk factors identified may assist with anxiety and depression prevention in future COVID-19 waves, and similar national events, and assist with early intervention to treat sufferers.

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Bio-behavioral survey of syphilis in homeless men in Central Brazil: a cross-sectional study

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00033317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Cleiciane Vieira de Lima Barros ◽

Hélio Galdino Júnior ◽

Giovanni Rezza ◽

Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽

Priscilla Martins Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Homeless Men ◽

History Of ◽

Active Syphilis

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with syphilis in homeless men in Central Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with 481 individuals attending four therapeutic communities between October and December 2015. A structured interview was conducted to collect sociodemographic data and risk factors for syphilis. Rapid/point-of-care and VDRL tests were performed to determine exposure to syphilis and the presence of active syphilis, respectively. Poisson regression analysis was used to verify the risk factors associated with the outcomes investigated. Of the study participants, 10.2% were reactive to the rapid test, and 5.4% had active syphilis. At the multiple regression analysis, schooling (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 0.89; p = 0.005), history of genital ulcer (APR: 2.59; p = 0.002), STI history (APR: 1.97; p = 0.042), and sexual intercourse under drug effects (APR: 1.60; p = 0.022) were independent factors associated with lifetime syphilis. Also, history of genital ulcer (APR: 2.19; p = 0.019), STI history (APR: 1.74; p = 0.033) and number of sexual partners in the last year (APR: 1.02; p = 0.044) were associated with active syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis among homeless men was rather high, confirming the vulnerability of this group to this infection. These results emphasize the need for educational intervention, improvement of risk reduction programs, availability of diagnostic tests, especially the rapid test, and treatment.

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Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573402115666191121120228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽

Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽

Diriba Dereje Olana ◽

Behailu Terefe Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stroke Unit ◽

Medical Center ◽

Data Entry ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

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Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10122740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2740

Author(s):

Efrat L. Amitay ◽

Tobias Niedermaier ◽

Anton Gies ◽

Michael Hoffmeister ◽

Hermann Brenner

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bowel Preparation ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Screening Colonoscopy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Screening Practice ◽

Abdominal Symptoms ◽

Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

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Burnout Syndrome during Residency Training in Jordan: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Implications

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041557 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1557

Author(s):

Abdullah Nimer ◽

Suzan Naser ◽

Nesrin Sultan ◽

Rawand Said Alasad ◽

Alexander Rabadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Working Hours ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Resident Physicians ◽

Healthcare Professions

Burnout syndrome is common among healthcare professions, including resident physicians. We aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout among resident physicians in Jordan, and a secondary aim was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of burnout syndrome in those residents, including gender, working hours, psychological distress, training sector, and specialty. In this cross-sectional study, 481 residents were recruited utilizing multistage stratified sampling to represent the four major health sectors in Jordan. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, where the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) was used to assess the prevalence of burnout. The prevalence, group differences, and predictors of burnout were statistically analyzed using STATA 15. Overall, 373 (77.5%) residents were found to have burnout. Factors associated with higher levels of burnout were psychological stress (β = 2.34, CI = [1.88–2.81]), longer working hours (β = 4.07, CI = [0.52–7.62], for 51–75 h a week, β = 7.27, CI = [2.86–11.69], for 76–100 h a week and β = 7.27, CI = [0.06–14.49], for >100 h a week), and obstetrics/gynecology residents (β = 9.66, CI = [3.59–15.73]). Conversely, medical sub-specialty residents, as well as private and university hospital residents, had lower burnout levels. We concluded that decreasing the workload on residents, offering psychological counseling, and promoting a safety culture for residents might help in mitigating burnout consequences.

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A retrospective cross-sectional study for predicting 72-h mortality in patients with serum aspartate aminotransferase levels ≥ 3000 U/L

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79435-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kai Saito ◽

Hitoshi Sugawara ◽

Tamami Watanabe ◽

Akira Ishii ◽

Takahiko Fukuchi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Factors Associated ◽

C Statistic ◽

Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

AbstractRisk factors associated with 72-h mortality in patients with extremely high serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST; ≥ 3000 U/L) are unknown. This single-centre, retrospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional study obtained data from medical records of adult patients treated at Saitama Medical Center, Japan, from 2005 to 2019. We conducted a multivariate logistic after adjusting for age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, Brinkman Index, vital signs, biochemical values, updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, CCI components, and underlying causes. A logistic regression model with selected validity risks and higher C-statistic for predicting 72-h mortality was established. During the 15-year period, 428 patients (133 non-survivors and 295 survivors [cases and controls by survival < 72 and ≥ 72 h, respectively]) with AST levels ≥ 3000 U/L were identified. The 72-h mortality rate was 133/428 (31.1%). The model used for predicting 72-h mortality through the assessment of alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus levels had a C-statistic value of 0.852 (sensitivity and specificity, 76.6%). The main independent risk factors associated with 72-h mortality among patients with AST levels ≥ 3000 U/L included higher serum values of alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.

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Activities and risk factors associated with fall-related injuries among US Army soldiers

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001564 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001564

Author(s):

Raina D Brooks ◽

T Grier ◽

B H Jones ◽

M C Chervak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Us Army ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Younger Age ◽

Near Falls ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Army Soldiers

IntroductionFalls/near falls are the second leading cause of hospitalisation and outpatient visits among US Army soldiers. While numerous studies have evaluated fall-related or near fall-related injuries among elderly adults, few have evaluated this association among young adults. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among male US Army soldiers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of male US Army Airborne Division soldiers (n=5187). Electronic surveys captured demographic, lifestyle, physical training (PT), fitness and injury data during spring/summer of 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of fall-related or near fall-related injuries, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPrimary findings indicated that activities and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among soldiers included younger age (≤35 years), holding a job that required minimal lifting activities, slower 2-mile run times and not running during personal PT.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that male US Army soldiers and other physically active men may benefit from (1) obtaining and/or maintaining higher aerobic endurance and muscular strength, and (2) training focused on preventing fall-related injuries during PT, road marching and sports/recreational activities. Moreover, prevention strategies and education should further target younger soldiers (≤35 years old), as younger age is not modifiable.

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