scholarly journals Mass Treatment does not reduce the prevalency of parasites in Guarani indigenous schoolchildren in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e187101119524
Author(s):  
Veridiana Lenartovicz-Boeira ◽  
Cristiane Maria Colli ◽  
Lucas Casagrande ◽  
Fernanda Pereira Rigon ◽  
Eloiza Cristina Martelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

The high frequency of intestinal parasites is favored by environmental and socio-cultural conditions of indigenous populations, and is still a neglected public health problem. Mass administration of broad-spectrum drugs aims to reduce the prevalence and intensity of the infections. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in school-children in an indigenous Guarani village in southern Brazil, was evaluated before and after the mass treatment of the population with albendazole. In the first phase of collection of stool samples, 81.4% of them were positive for enteroparasites and in the second phase, after two doses of antiparasitic medication, 87.5% were positive. Although the prevalence of infections by some helminths has reduced after treatment, many parasites remained frequent in the studied population, showing a change in the epidemiological profile in the distribution of these diseases in the population. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in indigenous schoolchildren proved to be high even after mass treatment with albendazole.

Nitazoxanide in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides in a rural zone of Colima, Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Galvan-Ramirez ◽  
N. Rivera ◽  
M.E. Loeza ◽  
X. Avila ◽  
J. Acero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Parasitological Diagnosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rural Zone ◽  
Complete Physical Examination ◽  
Stool Samples

AbstractIntestinal parasites in Mexico are an endemic problem. A study was conducted in children, teenagers and adults in a rural community in Colima, Mexico to examine the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides infection and to evaluate the parasitological and clinical efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ). Two hundred and eighty children, teenagers and adults participated in this study. Parasitological diagnosis from faeces was confirmed by three consecutive stool samples using the floatation concentration Faust method. Egg counts were performed as described by the Kato–Katz technique before and after treatment. A questionnaire was systematically applied to obtain information about socio-economic status and hygienic habits. One hundred and six participants (38%) were diagnosed as harbouring intestinal parasites, and 86 of them (81%) were infected with A. lumbricoides. All patients with ascariasis infections underwent a complete physical examination before and after NTZ treatment. NTZ resolved 88% of the ascariasis cases, with a 89% clinical efficacy, and there was a 97.5% reduction in the levels of morbidity. The most intense infections for A. lumbricoides were found in housewives, and statistically significant associations were found between ascariasis and the absence of drainage and living in houses with dirt floors.

scholarly journals Anti-chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Indigenous groups in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009468
Author(s):  
Jandir Mendonça Nicacio ◽  
Ricardo Khouri ◽  
Antônio Marconi Leandro da Silva ◽  
Manoel Barral-Netto ◽  
João Augusto Costa Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a serious public health problem with a high rate of infection and chronic disabling manifestations that has affected more than 2 million people worldwide since 2005. In spite of this, epidemiological data on vulnerable groups such as Indigenous people are scarce, making it difficult to implement public policies in order to prevent this disease and assist these populations. Objective To describe the serological and epidemiological profile of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in two Indigenous populations in Northeast Brazil, as well as in an urbanized control community, and to explore associations between CHIKV and anthropometric variables in these populations. Methodology/Principal findings This is a cross-sectional ancillary study of the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI) that included people 30 to 70 years old, recruited from two Indigenous tribes (the less urbanized Fulni-ô and the more urbanized Truká people) and an urbanized non-Indigenous control group from the same area. Subjects underwent clinical evaluation and were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serological profile was described according to ethnicity, sex, and age. The study population included 433 individuals distributed as follows: 109 (25·2%) Truká, 272 (62·8%) Fulni-ô, and 52 (12%) from the non-Indigenous urbanized control group. Overall prevalence of CHIKV IgG in the study sample was 49.9% (216; 95% CI: 45·1–54·7). When the sample was stratified, positive CHIKV IgG was distributed as follows: no individuals in the Truká group, 78·3% (213/272; 95% CI: 72·9–83·1) in the Fulni-ô group, and 5.8% (3/52; 95% CI: 1.21–16) in the control group. Conclusions/Significance Positive tests for CHIKV showed a very high prevalence in a traditional Indigenous population, in contrast to the absence of anti-CHIKV serology in the Truká people, who are more urbanized with respect to physical landscape, socio-cultural, and historical aspects, as well as a low prevalence in the non-Indigenous control group, although all groups are located in the same area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Central Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Sanjana Raj Kumari ◽  
Damodar Sharma ◽  
Brajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Fresh Stool

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are important public health problem and are globally endemic. These parasites are responsible for the major share of morbidity and mortality in those communities where there is overcrowding, poor environmental sanitation and personal hygienic practices. Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among the general population in Nepal. This study was aimed to evaluate the burden of the intestinal parasitic infections and the pattern of distributions among patients attending in a tertiary care setting in Bharatpur, Nepal, over a period of one year (August 2017 to July 2018). Methods: Stool samples of patients received in the Microbiology laboratory, COMS that were subjected for routine stool investigations were included in this study. Naked eye physical examination, microscopic examination was carried out and parasites were identified in the received stool samples. The results were recorded, and data were entered into excel spreadsheet 2007. The percentages of the parasites present were calculated to find out the frequency and distribution. Results: A total of 1,558 fresh stool samples were screened, of which 20.60% (n=321) were positive for various intestinal parasites. Overall, helminthic infections (81.30%) were higher than protozoal infections (18.70%). On the whole, Ascaris lumbricoides showed higher prevalence (39.56%) followed by Ancylostoma duodenale (19.31%) and Giardia lamblia (9.97%).  17(1.09%) of the samples showed more than one parasite. Highest prevalence was seen in age group 15 to 25 years of age (27.40%). Conclusions: Parasitic infection is endemic. Apart from the early diagnosis and effective treatment, health education is a requisite to control infections in this area and awareness of sanitation to reduce and control parasitic infection.  

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis: a neglected infection and its association with nutritional status in schoolchildren in northwestern Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 878-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Quihui-Cota ◽  
Carmen M Lugo-Flores ◽  
Jose A Ponce-Martínez ◽  
Gloria G Morales-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Northwestern Mexico

Introduction: Undernutrition is a recognized public health problem in Mexican children and cryptosporidiosis is probably a factor contributing to this problem. However, it remains a neglected and poorly attended infection in Mexico. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum and to establish its association with the nutritional status in schoolchildren of northwestern Mexico. Methodology: A total of 405 schoolchildren between 6 and 13 years of age were included in this study. Weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) Z scores were calculated. The Faust technique was used to detect intestinal parasites in stool samples and C. parvum coproantigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The overall prevalence of C. parvum was 28.4%. Some of the study children were C. parvum free (n = 86) and some were C. parvum infected (n = 77). The prevalences of risk of undernutrition found in both groups of children for H/A, W/A, and BMI/A Z scores were 18%, 21% and 28%, respectively. Weight, ZW/A, and ZH/A were significantly higher in the C. parvum-free group compared to the C. parvum-infected group (p ≤ 0.05). The children with cryptosporidiosis were 2.7 times more likely to be at risk of undernutrition by W/A Z score and 2.9 times more likely to be at risk of undernutrition by ZH/A than were the C. parvum-free children. Conclusions: Cryptosporidiosis may be a contributing factor to childhood undernutrition in northwestern Mexico. The proper authorities must implement control and prevention measurements in Mexico and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis in Children of a Primary School in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Kayque Wellek Delgado do Amaral ◽  
Cristiane Venturini Garlet ◽  
Daniel Contreira Júnior ◽  
Marcus Tadeu Fernandes Gomes da Silva ◽  
Laura Simões Cogorno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Introduction: Parasitosis is a type of endoparasitism, which is directly related to sanitary conditions and is an important public health problem in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children attending a primary public school in Pedro Juan Caballero - PY. Materials and Methods: 85 (eighty-five) stool samples were analyzed using the centrifugal sedimentation technique. Results: Cysts and/or parasite eggs were observed in the stool samples of 67 (78.8%) children. Giardia lamblia cysts were those that showed the highest incidence in the children. Conclusion: The high Giardia lamblia index demonstrates the lack of access to drinking water for consumption, inadequate sanitation and the absence of a public health network. This study highlights the importance of encouraging the use of serial analysis of stool, strengthening preventive measures for parasitosis, developing protocols for their approach, and designing a strategy that includes the preschool population in the programs that periodically evaluate the development of children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasites among urban and rural population in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mareeswaran ◽  
A. K. Savitha ◽  
S. Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stool Samples

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are globally endemic and is a major public health problem of concern. The prevalence is high in developing countries like India probably due to poor sanitary conditions and improper hygiene. Among the various intestinal parasites, the prevalence of Entamoeba, Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Giardia and Trichuris have been studied in this research.Methods: This is a cross sectional study which involves 205 urban and 185 rural populations. The data was collected from the Urban and Rural health training centres in Anakaputhur and Padappai of Kancheepuram district respectively over a period of three months from August 2017 to October 2017. Data entry was done in MS Excel and analysis was carried out in SPSS software version 22. The analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results: Among the rural and urban population, 185 stool samples from the rural population showed nearly 50.8% intestinal parasites (E. histolytica 40%, A. lumbricoides 2%, A. duodenalae 5%, Giardia 1%, T. trichura 3%). On the contrary 205 stool samples from urban population showed 23.4% of intestinal parasites (E. histolytica 18%, A. lumbricoides 2%, A. duodenalae 5%, Giardia 0%, T. trichura 0%). The increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasites among rural population than the urban population was statistically significant.Conclusions: The stool samples collected from rural population showed high prevalence of intestinal parasite infestation when compared to urban population, hence necessary interventions like health education, awareness creation and medical intervention should be undertaken particularly among the rural population.

scholarly journals Blastocystis hominis and other intestinal parasites in a community of Pitanga City, Paraná State, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Aparecida Nascimento ◽  
Maria da Luz Ribeiro Moitinho
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution ◽  
Prevalent Species

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis, to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques for its diagnosis as well as to estimate the prevalence of other intestinal parasites in the community of Campo Verde, a district of Pitanga. The work was carried out from August to October 2004. Samples of feces from children and adults were collected and submitted to the techniques of direct wet mount, flotation in zinc sulphate solution, tube sedimentation, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by Kinyoun and iron hematoxylin methods. From 181 studied individuals, 128 (70.7%) showed protozoa and/or helminths in stool samples. The most prevalent species were Endolimax nana (33.7%); B. hominis (26.5%); Giardia lamblia (18.2%); Entamoeba coli (17.1%); Ascaris lumbricoides (16.6%); Iodamoeba bütschlii (9.4%); and ancylostomatidae (7.7%). B. hominis was only identified by the techniques of direct wet mount, sedimentation in formalin-ether and staining by iron hematoxylin, though the latter was less sensitive than the other methods. The high frequency of B. hominis demonstrated by this study indicates the need to include laboratory techniques that enable identification of the parasite on a routine basis.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups in northwestern Amazonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylene Andrade OLIVEIRA ◽  
Rodrigo GURGEL-GONÇALVES ◽  
Eleuza Rodrigues MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Reduce Risk

ABSTRACT Approximately 90% of the population in the northwestern Amazonia is composed of indigenous people and their healthcare is still a challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of parasites in two indigenous ethnic groups (Baré and Baniwa) in northwestern Amazonia. Stool samples from 270 individuals (199 Baniwa and 71 Baré) were analyzed using Richie's method and the spontaneous sedimentation method. Statistical differences among the proportions of infected individuals based on gender, age, and ethnicity were determined. All individuals were infected by protozoans or helminths. The most frequent parasites in the indigenous people were Ascaris lumbricoides (73%), Entamoeba spp. (53%), and Giardia intestinalis (48%). Protozoan parasites were more common among children aged 0-12 years; however, the frequency of helminths, such as hookworms and A. lumbricoides, was higher in adults. There were no significant differences in parasite frequencies between different genders or ethnic groups. Mixed infections by two or more protozoan and/or helminth species were detected in 96% of individuals. One individual was infected by 14 species. A high frequency of intestinal parasites was found in Baré and Baniwa ethnic groups. Improvements to infrastructure and health education programs are required to reduce risk of infection by intestinal parasites.

scholarly journals Parasites with zoonotic potential in pets feces on the beaches of greater Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. e168442
Author(s):  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Alice da Silva ◽  
Thailini de Oliveira ◽  
Lenilza Mattos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis

In Brazil, dogs and cats have free access in public areas in some cities, such as squares, parks and beaches, despite restrictive laws for their permanence in these places. Animals infected with intestinal parasites contaminate the environment through their feces. The present study aimed to verify the occurrence of helminth eggs, oocysts and protozoan cysts in stool samples from three beaches in Greater Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from March 2017 to April 2018. Stool samples were processed by the Willis-Mollay flotation technique and the Hoffman sedimentation technique. The percentage of 47.65% of positive samples for helminths or protozoa was found on the southern beaches of Florianópolis island, with an occurrence of 52.78% at Morro das Pedras Beach and 42.86% at Campeche Beach. At Pinheira beach, in Palhoça, 56.66% of the samples were contaminated with one or more zoonotic parasites. In this study, the most prevalent parasites on the three beaches analyzed were hookworms and Trichuris vulpis, followed by Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. Samples containing Toxocara spp. eggs were collected at Pinheira beach. It is concluded that the contamination of the beaches in the present study constitutes a public health problem, considering the possibility of zoonoses transmission. The importance of implementing sanitary programs for the control of parasites in dogs and cats is emphasized, as well as awareness and education programs, in order to reduce environmental contamination in public places.

scholarly journals Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Yadav ◽  
Satyam Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Stool Samples

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infection is an important public health problem in Nepal because of its high morbidity and mortality. The distribution and prevalence of the various intestinal parasites species depend on social, geographical, economical and inhabitant customs. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the burden of intestinal parasitic infections and its relation with sanitary practices and socio-demographic characteristics in Muslim community of Janakpurdham, Nepal.Material and Methods: A total of 161 stool samples were collected in dry, clean and screw capped plastic container and were preserved with 10% formalin. The stool samples were examined by direct microscopy and confirmed by concentration methods. Modified Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining was performed for the detection of coccidian parasites. P- value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 63.35% (male = 57.84% vs. female = 42.15%) (p = 0.321). The positive cases of parasitic infection were found to be slightly higher in less than 10 years (35.29%) than others. Hookworm (10%) and G. lamblia (28%) infection was marginally higher than other helminthic and protozoan infection. The highest number of positive cases of parasitic infection was found in those who didn’t wash their hands before meal, defecates stool haphazardly in open area, didn’t wash their hands after toilet, didn’t trim their nail, in larger family, with low income and in housewives which was found to be statistically significant (p = <0.05).Conclusion: The health status was found poor among Nepalese Muslim people. Routine periodic screening of parasitic infection among people, changing behavior, public educations on improved personal and environmental hygiene are the fundamental principle in the control of infection.Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol. 4 (1): 36-45

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document