HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES ARE A NEW EFFECTIVE TOOL TO COMBAT MYCOTOXICOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
E.Y. Tarasova ◽  
◽  
E.Y. Semenov ◽  
L.E. Matrosova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Toxic Load

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds, mainly from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium. They can contaminate food and have a harmful effect on human health. Most mycotoxins are thermostable, that is, they can persist during processing and cooking. The presence of mycotoxins in food can cause harmful effects, ranging from acute intoxication and ending with pathologies of chronic exposure (such as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic) in humans and animals. T-2 toxin is the strongest immunosuppressant, which in turn predisposes to the development of infectious diseases and leads to a decrease in productivity, which entails significant economic losses. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies zearalenone as a class 2A carcinogen. Therefore, the inclusion of binding agents, or enterosorbents, in the diet is given considerable attention as a strategy to reduce the bioavailability of mycotoxins and the effects of contaminated feed and food. A study of the adsorption capacity of bentonites of the Biklyansk and Tarn-Var deposits, the zeolite of the Main deposit, and in vitro halloysite nanotubes with respect to T-2 toxin and zearalenone showed that it is halloysite that has the best sorption rates (85.8 and 86.0%) and, in the future, may be used to combat mycotoxicosis of animals, birds, and, in the food chain, humans. With an increase in the pH of the medium from 2 to 8, the desorption of mycotoxins with the lowest rates for halloysite at 0.7 ± 0.04% for zearalenone and 3.5 ± 0.1% for T-2 toxin was observed in all studied adsorbents. The data obtained make halloysite nanotubes very interesting for further studies of other mycotoxins and their combinations, as well as its comprehensive study as a means of reducing the toxic load on the body of farm animals and birds.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Metzger ◽  
Dirk Dannenberger ◽  
Armin Tuchscherer ◽  
Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽  
Claudia Kalbe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Katalin Magyar-Tábori ◽  
Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki ◽  
Alexandra Hanász ◽  
László Zsombik ◽  
Judit Dobránszki
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Further Development ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures ◽  
Harmful Effects

In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of Álcool desidrogenase kinetics in Ziziphus joazeiro fruits to alleviate the harmful effects of alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e107942900
Author(s):  
Alvaro Gustavo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Franciscleudo Bezerra da Costa ◽  
Yasmin Lima Brasil ◽  
Brencarla de Medeiros Lima ◽  
Eder Pereira da Rocha Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Harmful Effects

Ziziphus joazeiro is endemic to the brazilian Caatinga and its fruits can be used as a food supplement by accelerating the ethanol metabolism in the body and reducing the alcohol harmful effects due to high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The objective was to determine the kinetics of ADH activity, in different incubation times, of Z. joazeiro mature fruits as a food supplement. Ziziphus joazeiro fruits, at the fourth maturation stage, were incubated for 0 (no incubation), 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature. The ADH activity was determined. ADH activity was higher in fruits incubated for 0 and 3 h. The ADH activity was higher in the early incubation times, probably due to the greater availability of NAD+, which after being reduced to NADH delayed regeneration. Without the cofactor in the oxidized form, the enzymatic activity decreases. Ziziphus joazeiro fruit has the potential to be used as a food supplement accelerating the alcohol metabolism and reducing the harmful effects.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro models of traumatic injuries of the spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
O. Rybachuk ◽  
I. Arkhypchuk ◽  
Yu. Lazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cord Injury

In recent years, there is a growing interest in the mechanisms of regeneration of damaged nerve tissue, including the spinal cord, as its injuries are quite common due to traffic accidents, industrial injuries and military actions. Damage to the spinal cord results in the loss of functional activity of the body below the injury site, which affects person’s ability to self-service and significantly reduces its efficiency. The effects of spinal injuries annually cause significant social and economic losses worldwide, including Ukraine. The development of new treatments for pathologies of the central nervous system requires mandatory pre-testing of their effectiveness in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, searching and creation of optimal animal model of spinal cord injury is in order to it meets most complete picture of the damage characteristic of real conditions in humans. This is an important task of modern neurophysiology. Such models can be used, primarily, for a more detailed clarification of the pathogenesis of all levels of nerve tissue damage and research of its own recovery potential by endogenous reparation mechanisms. In addition, experimental models allow to estimate the safety and predict the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches to spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of agricultural tractor seat cushion materials to the level of exposure to vibration

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boban Cvetanovic ◽  
Dragan Cvetković ◽  
Momir Praščević ◽  
Miljan Cvetković ◽  
Milan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Tractor Engine

During everyday operations with tractors, drivers are exposed to harmful effects of various factors. In addition to unfavourable temperature and humidity, dust and noise, one of the factors harmful to driver’s health is vibrations. They come from the tractor engine and from the roughness of the ground and are transferred to the cab and through the seat to the body of the driver. In case of high level magnitude vibrations and a long period of exposure to them, many health problems occur. The harmful effect of the vibrations is especially obvious in older models of tractors. High intensities of vibrations (above permitted limits) were found during the measurements of vibrations at the driver seat in such tractors. This study is an attempt to reduce the vibration levels using various vibration-absorbing components, such as cushions, at driver’s seat. The results of the measurements showed that the vibration levels were significantly lower in comparison to original seats.

scholarly journals Controlled SrR Delivery by the Incorporation of Mg Particles on Biodegradable PLA-Based Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Ana Ferrández-Montero ◽  
Alvaro Eguiluz ◽  
Elena Vazquez ◽  
Joab David Guerrero ◽  
Zoilo Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Inert Polymer

Among several ions playing a vital role in the body, Sr2+ and Mg2+ are involved in the mechanism of bone formation, making them especially useful for bone tissue engineering applications. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA)/Mg composites have emerged as a promising family of biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. In these composites, polymer and bio-metal have a synergetic effect—while the PLA inhibits the Mg fast reactivity, Mg provides bioactivity to the inert polymer buffering the medium pH during degradation. Meanwhile, the typical form of administrating Sr2+ to patients is through the medication strontium ranelate (SrR), which increases the bone mineral density. Following this interesting research line, a new group of composites, which integrates Mg particles and SrR charged onto halloysite nanotubes (HNT) in a polymeric matrix, was proposed. PLA/Mg/SrR–HNT composites have been processed following a colloidal route, obtaining homogenous composites granulated and film-shaped. The drug delivery profile was evaluated in terms of in vitro lixiviation/dissolution paying special attention to the synergism of both ions release. The combination of two of the most reported ions involved in bone regeneration in the composite biomaterial may generate extra interest in bone healing applications.

scholarly journals Effects of microbicide based on lactic acid and metal nanoparticles on laboratory animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
V. L. Kovalenko ◽  
O. V. Ponomarenko ◽  
Yu. O. Balackiy
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Nanoparticles Of Silver

<p>Modern complex disinfectants should not only be highly effective against most pathogens, but also safe for the body of laboratory and farm animals. To determine the effect of microbicides on animal organism, there are several commonly accepted parameters that are regulated by relevant methodological documents. Taking into account the urgency of the development and implementation of modern disinfectants, the purpose of the researche was to study the effects of the drug "Orgsept" on the indicators of acute toxicity and its harmful effects on laboratory animals. The determination of acute toxicity, the study of the cumulative and skin-resorptive action of the drug "Orgasept" was performed on clinically healthy white mice, and the irritating effect and sensitizing properties were studied on Guinea pigs. The studies were conducted using generally accepted techniques (Yakubchak et al., 2005). According to the results of the research, acute toxicity, cumulative, sensitizing, irritating, skin-resorptive action of the disinfectant based on lactic acid and nanoparticles of silver "Orgasept" on laboratory animals were determined. It has been determined that the investigated preparation according to sanitary-and-hygienic norms GOST 12.1.007-76 belongs to the 3 groups of toxicity in concentrations which are significantly higher than bactericidal, it does not have a pronounced cumulative, sensitizing and skin-resorptive action.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of alcohol consumption on the health of pregnant women and their children – a review of studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Marta Dulęba ◽  
◽  
Małgorzata Chądzyńska ◽  
Barbara Kozakiewicz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Harmful Effects

Introduction: Alcohol is one of the strongest teratogens. Since the 1960s, information campaigns have been conducted to address its harmful effect and promote quitting drinking, especially by pregnant women. The aim of this paper includes a review of literature concerning research on alcohol use by pregnant women and learning about their knowledge of the detrimental effects of ethanol on the health of themselves and their unborn children. This paper shall also assess social campaigns devoted to informing this group of women about the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. Description of state of knowledge: The review explicitly confirmed data on the harmful effect of alcohol on the formation of morphological and behavioural changes stigmatising children, which are not always visible from birth, and often take the form characteristic of foetal alcohol syndrome only in schoolchildren. The results of molecular and psychological tests have raised the question as to whether the acceptable limits for blood alcohol content in pregnant women should be established. The toxic effects of alcohol and its metabolites depend not only on the amount consumed, but also on the body condition, style of drinking, and age. Summary: Studies covering 11 European countries have shown that drinking alcohol during pregnancy is more and more common, especially in better-educated women with higher earnings and from larger cities. Therefore, information campaigns that stress the harmfulness of the so-called risky drinking by pregnant women should be targeted primarily at this group.

scholarly journals In Vitro Metacestodicidal Activities of Genistein and Other Isoflavones against Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3770-3778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunasalam Naguleswaran ◽  
Martin Spicher ◽  
Nathalie Vonlaufen ◽  
Luis M. Ortega-Mora ◽  
Paul Torgerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Receptor Binding Site

ABSTRACT Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus metacestode infections in humans cause alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis, respectively, in which metacestode development in visceral organs often results in particular organ failure. Further, cystic hydatidosis in farm animals causes severe economic losses. Although benzimidazole derivatives such as mebendazole and albendazole are being used as therapeutic agents, there is often no complete recovery after treatment. Hence, in searching for novel treatment options, we examined the in vitro efficacies of a number of isoflavones against Echinococcus metacestodes and protoscoleces. The most prominent isoflavone, genistein, exhibits significant metacestodicidal activity in vitro. However, genistein binds to the estrogen receptor and can thus induce estrogenic effects, which is a major concern during long-term chemotherapy. We have therefore investigated the activities of a number of synthetic genistein derivatives carrying a modified estrogen receptor binding site. One of these, Rm6423, induced dramatic breakdown of the structural integrity of the metacestode germinal layer of both species within 5 to 7 days of in vitro treatment. Further, examination of the culture medium revealed increased leakage of parasite proteins into the medium during treatment, but zymography demonstrated a decrease in the activity of metalloproteases. Moreover, two of the genistein derivatives, Rm6423 and Rm6426, induced considerable damage in E. granulosus protoscoleces, rendering them nonviable. These findings demonstrate that synthetic isoflavones exhibit distinct in vitro effects on Echinococcus metacestodes and protoscoleces, which could potentially be exploited further for the development of novel chemotherapeutical tools against larval-stage Echinococcus infection.

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