scholarly journals Gut microbiota variations in a rescued spotted seal Phoca largha pup

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
J Tian ◽  
J Du ◽  
J Han ◽  
Z Wang ◽  
Z Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Spotted Seal ◽  
Phoca Largha ◽  
Host Health ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Rescuing seal pups is an important conservation action for spotted seals Phoca largha. Gut microbiota are directly associated with host health and diet metabolism. Therefore, knowledge gained from gut microbiota variations of spotted seal pups held in captivity after rescue can help formulate comprehensive rescue plans for the future. In this study, we collected feces from a rescued spotted seal pup every 3 d during the rescue process. Fecal bacterial communities were measured by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA amplification. Firmicutes were the most dominant bacteria, comprising >70% of the total gut microbiota. Moreover, differences in fecal bacterial communities of the rescued spotted seal pup between rescue and release were compared. At release, the abundances of 2 potential bacteria related to gut health, Blautia producta and Cetobacterium somerae, were remarkably lower, while Clostridium perfringens, a key mammalian pathogen, was significantly higher in the feces of the released pup. Moreover, the pup experienced a bout of diarrhea during its time in captivity, which resulted in a momentary change in its gut microbiota. Fusobacterium was recognized as a potential causative pathogen for the diarrhea. This study contributes to our understanding of gut microbiota variations in spotted seal pups during the rescue period.

scholarly journals New Insights on the Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Bacteriome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
Elias Asimakis ◽  
Panagiota Stathopoulou ◽  
Apostolis Sapounas ◽  
Kanjana Khaeso ◽  
Costas Batargias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Dominant Bacteria ◽  
High Degree

Various factors, including the insect host, diet, and surrounding ecosystem can shape the structure of the bacterial communities of insects. We have employed next generation, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA to characterize the bacteriome of wild Zeugodacus (Bactrocera) cucurbitae (Coquillett) flies from three regions of Bangladesh. The tested populations developed distinct bacterial communities with differences in bacterial composition, suggesting that geography has an impact on the fly bacteriome. The dominant bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Dysgomonadaceae and Orbaceae, with the genera Dysgonomonas, Orbus and Citrobacter showing the highest relative abundance across populations. Network analysis indicated variable interactions between operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with cases of mutual exclusion and copresence. Certain bacterial genera with high relative abundance were also characterized by a high degree of interactions. Interestingly, genera with a low relative abundance like Shimwellia, Gilliamella, and Chishuiella were among those that showed abundant interactions, suggesting that they are also important components of the bacterial community. Such knowledge could help us identify ideal wild populations for domestication in the context of the sterile insect technique or similar biotechnological methods. Further characterization of this bacterial diversity with transcriptomic and metabolic approaches, could also reveal their specific role in Z. cucurbitae physiology.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Plateau Zokors (Eospalax baileyi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 117693432199635
Author(s):  
Daoxin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Jingyan Yan ◽  
Haijing Wang ◽  
Zhenyuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Plateau Zokor

Wild-caught animals must cope with drastic lifestyle and dietary changes after being induced to captivity. How the gut microbiome structure of these animals will change in response receives increasing attention. The plateau zokor ( Eospalax baileyi), a typic subterranean rodent endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, spends almost the whole life underground and is well adapted to the environmental pressures of both plateau and underground. However, how the gut microbiome of the plateau zokor will change in response to captivity has not been reported to date. This study compared the microbial community structure and functions of 22 plateau zokors before (the WS group) and after being kept in captivity for 15 days (the LS group, fed on carrots) using the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the LS group retained 973 of the 977 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the WS group, and no new OTUs were found in the LS group. The dominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroides and Firmicutes in both groups. In alpha diversity analysis, the Shannon, Sobs, and ACE indexes of the LS group were significantly lower than those of the WS group. A remarkable difference ( P < 0.01) between groups was also detected in beta diversity analysis. The UPGMA clustering, NMDS, PCoA, and Anosim results all showed that the intergroup difference was significantly greater than the intragroup difference. And compared with the WS group, the intragroup difference of the gut microbiota in the LS group was much larger, which failed to support the assumption that similar diets should drive convergence of gut microbial communities. PICRUSt revealed that although some functional categories displayed significant differences between groups, the relative abundances of these categories were very close in both groups. Based on all the results, we conclude that as plateau zokors enter captivity for a short time, although the relative abundances of different gut microbiota categories shifted significantly, they can maintain almost all the OTUs and the functions of the gut microbiota in the wild. So, the use of wild-caught plateau zokors in gut microbial studies is acceptable if the time in captivity is short.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Siyue Zhao ◽  
Caiwu Li ◽  
Guo Li ◽  
Shengzhi Yang ◽  
Yingming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

AbstractThe giant panda (GP) was the most endangered species in China, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in host health. To determine the differences of the gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant GPs, a comparative analysis of gut microbiota in GPs was carried out by 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing. In 16S rRNA sequencing, 435 OTUs, 17 phyla and 182 genera were totally detected. Firmicutes (53.6%) was the predominant phylum followed by Proteobacteria (37.8%) and Fusobacteria (7.1%). Escherichia/Shigella (35.9%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Streptococcus (25.9%) and Clostridium (11.1%). In ITS sequencing, 920 OTUs, 6 phyla and 322 genera were also detected. Ascomycota (71.3%) was the predominant phylum followed by Basidiomycota (28.4%) and Zygomycota (0.15%). Purpureocillium (4.4%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Cladosporium (2.5%) and Pezicula (2.4%). Comparative analysis indicated that the male GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Firmicutes than female GPs with the contribution from genus Streptococcus. Meanwhile, the female GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Proteobacteria than male GPs with the contribution from genus Escherichia/ Shigella. In addition, the shift in bacteria from female to pregnant GPs indicated that phylum Firmicutes increased significantly with the contribution from Clostridium in the gut, which may provide an opportunity to study possible associations with low reproduction of the GPs.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Elevated Nest Temperature and Parasitism on the Gut Microbiota of Wild Avian Hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R Ingala ◽  
Lauren Albert ◽  
Alyssa Addesso ◽  
Mackenzie J. Watkins ◽  
Sarah A. Knutie
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Tree Swallow ◽  
Sialia Sialis ◽  
Eastern Bluebird ◽  
Eastern Bluebirds ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Natural Nest ◽  
The Face ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Background: Changes in wild animal gut microbiotas may influence host health and fitness. While many studies have shown correlations between gut microbiota structure and external factors, few studies demonstrate causal links between environmental variables and microbiota shifts. Here, we use a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of elevated ambient temperature and natural nest parasitism by nest flies (Protocalliphora sialia) on the microbiotas of two species of wild birds, the eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor).Results: We find that bacterial communities from the nestlings of each host species show differential response to both heat and parasitism, with gut microbiotas of eastern bluebirds more disrupted by heat and parasitism than those of tree swallows. Thus, we find that eastern bluebirds are unable to maintain stable associations with their gut bacteria in the face of both elevated temperature and parasitism. In contrast, tree swallow gut microbiotas are not significantly impacted by either heat or nest parasitism.Conclusions: Our results suggest that excess heat (e.g., as a result of climate change) may destabilize natural host-parasite-microbiota systems, with the potential to affect host fitness and survival in the anthropocene.

scholarly journals Enzyme additives influence bacterial communities of Medicago sativa silage as determined by Illumina sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongfu Hu ◽  
Deying Ma ◽  
huaxin Niu ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
Jianhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Enzyme Combination ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enzymes (cellulase combined with galactosidase),, and the combination of these enzymes with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Alfalfa forages were treated without or with cellulase + ɑ-galactosidase (CEGA), cellulase + LP (CELP), ɑ-galactosidase + LP (GALP). After 56 days of ensiling, All the treated silages exhibited improved fermentation quality as reflecting by decreased pH, ammonium-N and increased lactic acid levels compared to the control silage. Enzymatic treatment improved nutrients value by increased the level of crude protein and decreased the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) level. Treatment of the silage significantly changed the bacterial community, as determined by the PCoA test. LAB dominated the bacterial community of the treated silage after ensiling. The dominant bacteria from Garciella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in control silage changed to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in CEGA silage, and Lactobacillus in CELP and GALP silages. Collectively, enzymes and enzyme in combination with inoculants both greatly increased the abundance of LAB, with Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in enzymes only silge (CEGA) and Lactobacillus in enzyme combination with inoculants silage (CELP and GALP).

scholarly journals Wood-Derived Dietary Fibers Promote Beneficial Human Gut Microbiota

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Leanti La Rosa ◽  
Vasiliki Kachrimanidou ◽  
Fanny Buffetto ◽  
Phillip B. Pope ◽  
Nicholas A. Pudlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Clostridial Cluster ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

The architecture of the gut bacterial ecosystem has a profound effect on the physiology and well-being of the host. Modulation of the gut microbiota and the intestinal microenvironment via administration of prebiotics represents a valuable strategy to promote host health. This work provides insights into the ability of two novel wood-derived preparations, AcGGM and AcAGX, to influence human gut microbiota composition and activity. These compounds were selectively fermented by commensal bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides-Prevotella, F. prausnitzii, and clostridial cluster IX spp. This promoted the microbial synthesis of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are beneficial to the microbial ecosystem and host colonic epithelial cells. Thus, our results demonstrate potential prebiotic properties for both AcGGM and AcAGX from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These findings represent pivotal requirements for rationally designing intervention strategies based on the dietary supplementation of AcGGM and AcAGX to improve or restore gut health.

scholarly journals Influence of food and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of Apis cerana workers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao K. Huang ◽  
Kun T. Ye ◽  
Wei F. Huang ◽  
Bi H. Ying ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Lower Abundance

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota plays an essential role in bee’s health. To elucidate the effect of food and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of honeybee Apis cerana, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the gut microbiota of honeybee workers fed with sugar water or beebread and inoculated with or without N. ceranae.ResultsThe gut microbiota of A. cerana is dominated by Serratia, Snodgrassella, and Lactobacillus genera. The overall gut microbiota diversity was significantly differential by food type. The N. ceranae infection significantly affects the gut microbiota only at bees fed with sugar water. Higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Gluconacetobacter and Snodgrassella and lower abundance of Serratia were found in bees fed with beebread than with sugar water. N. ceranae infection led to higher abundance of Snodgrassella and lower abundance of Serratia in sugar-fed bees. Imputed bacterial KEGG pathways showed the significant metagenomics functional differences by feeding and N. ceranae infections. Furthermore, A. cerana workers fed with sugar water showed lower N. ceranae spore loads but higher mortality than those fed with beebread. The cumulative mortality was strongly positive correlated (rho=0.61) with the changes of overall microbiota dissimilarities by N. ceranae infection.ConclusionsBoth food and N. ceranae infection significantly affect the gut microbiota in A. cerana workers. Beebread feeding not only provide better nutrition but also help establish a more stabled gut microbiota therefore protect bee in response to N. ceranae infection.Abstract ImportanceGut microbiota plays an essential role in bee’s health. Scientific evidence suggests the diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the gut health, however the interplay between those two factors and bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota by both food intake and the Nosema ceranae infection. Our result showed that the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Asia Honeybee was significantly associated with both food intake and the N. ceranae infection. More interestingly, bees fed with beebread showed higher microbiota stability and less mortality than those fed with sugar water when infected by N. ceranae. Those data suggest the potential role of beebread, not only providing better nutrition but also helping establish a more stabled gut microbiota to protect bee against N. ceranae infection.

scholarly journals Effects of different vegetable rotations on the rhizosphere bacterial community and tomato growth in a continuous tomato cropping substrate

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257432
Author(s):  
Li Jin ◽  
Jian Lyu ◽  
Ning Jin ◽  
Jianming Xie ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Community ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

In this study, High throughput sequencing was used to analyze the effects of different vegetable rotations on the rhizosphere bacterial diversity and community structure in a substrate that was used for continuous tomato cropping (CK). The vegetable rotations tested were cabbage/tomato (B), kidney bean/tomato (D), and celery/tomato (Q). The results revealed that the substrate bacterial diversity and richness of each crop rotation were higher than those of CK. The highest bacterial diversity was found in the B substrate, followed by the Q and D substrates. Further comparison showed that the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of Q substrate was significantly different to that of CK. Compared with the CK, the Q substrate had a significantly higher relative abundance of several dominant microflora, such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes. Additionally, the Q rotation significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Actinobacteria_unclassified and Anaerolineaceae_unclassified. A redundancy analysis showed that Most dominant bacteria correlated positively with the substrate pH, total N, and alkali-hydrolyzable N but negatively with the available P, available K, total P, total K, and organic matter contents and substrate EC. The substrates after crop rotation improved the growth and physiological condition of the subsequent tomato plants, among which those from the Q rotation performed the best. Therefore, celery rotation not only increased the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the substrate but also significantly increased the richness of the beneficial bacterial communities, allowing better maintenance of the substrate microenvironment for the healthy growth of crops.

scholarly journals Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheal Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xi ◽  
Xinxi Qin ◽  
Yumin Song ◽  
Jincheng Han ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Relationship

The structure and composition of gut microbiota correlate with the occurrence and development of host health and disease. Diarrhea can cause alterations in gut microbiota in animals, and the changes in the gut microbial structure and composition may affect the development of diarrhea. However, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of diarrhea on gut fungal composition and structure, particularly in Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri). The current study was performed for high-throughput sequencing of the fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) to detect the differences of gut mycobiota in healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard. Results showed that the gut mycobiota not only decreased significantly in diversity but also in structure and composition. Statistical analysis between two groups revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of phylum Rozellomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Kickxellomycota in diarrheal Baer's pochard. At the genus levels, fungal relative abundance changed significantly in 95 genera, with 56 fungal genera, such as Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, Penicillium, Cystofilobasidium, and Filobasidium, increasing significantly in the gut of the diarrheal Baer's pochard. In conclusion, the current study revealed the discrepancy in the gut fungal diversity and community composition between the healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard, laying the basis for elucidating the relationship between diarrhea and the gut mycobiota in Baer's pochard.

scholarly journals Rotten-skin disease significantly changed giant spiny frog(Paa spinosa) gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuoyu He ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Pengpeng Wang ◽  
Jianguo Xiang ◽  
Wangcheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThe composition and abundance of gut microbiota is essential for host health and immunity. Gut microbiota is symbiotic with the host, so changes in the host diet, development, and health will lead to changes in the gut microbiota. Conversely, changes in the gut microbiota also affect the host conditions. In this experiment, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the gut microbiota composition of 5 healthy Paa Spinosa and 6 P. spinosa with rotten-skin disease. Results: the gut microbiota composition was significant difference between diseased P. spinosa and the healthy P. spinosa; LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Methanocorpusculum, Parabacteroides, AF12, PW3, Epulopiscium, and Oscillospira were significantly higher in the diseased P. spinosa, while the relative abundance of Serratia, Eubacteium, Citrobacter, and Morganella were significantly lower. Conclusion: Rotten-skin disease changed P. spinosa gut microbiota significantly; The relative abundance of Epulopiscium and Oscillospira might be related to the health conditions of the host skin and gallbladder; The relative abundance of Serratia and Eubacteium might be important for maintaining the gut microbiota ecosystem.

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