scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM EMULSI MEMBRAN TERHADAP KONTROL AIR TAMBAK DAN SISTEM IJUK TERHADAP PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI BUMI DIPASENA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Nelius Harefa ◽  
Setiyadi ◽  
Sudarno Tampubolon ◽  
Lamhot Naibaho
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Emulsion System ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Shrimp Farm

Abstrak Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat serta sebagai mediator dalam menyelesaikan masalah penurunan hasil panen udang dan ketersediaan air bersih di Bumi Dipasena. Hasil panen udang masyarakat berada dibawah standar dan sangat jauh berbeda dibanding hasil panen perusahaan. Ketersediaan air bersih mengandalkan air hujan yang memiliki batas waktu layak pakai dan menjadi barang langka dimusim kemarau. Kedua permasalahan tersebut menjadi permasalahan utama dan belum terselesaikan selama bertahun-tahun. Banyak alasan yang menjadi penyebab tidak terselesaikannya masalah, mulai dari biaya, tidak adanya kolaborasi antar masyarakat, dan lain sebagainya. Oleh sebab itu, mereka membutuhkan solusi yang tidak hanya tepat guna namun dapat mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat. Maka, alternatif solusi permasalahan penurunan hasil panen udang yang disarankan adalah pengontrolan air tambak udang masyarakat dengan menggunakan sistem emulsi membran dan penyediaan air bersih menggunakan sistem ijuk. Kedua solusi tersebut diyakini dapat terealisasi karena terjangkau dari sisi biaya, sistem kontrol tidak kompleks, dan bahan dasar pembuatan sistem dihasilkan oleh masyarakat sendiri. Alasan tersebut menstimulus masyarakat untuk antusias dalam merespon kedua sistem yang ditawarkan dan menginginkan supaya sistem tersebut direalisasikan. Kata Kunci: Sistem Emulsi Membran; Sistem Ijuk   Abstract This community service aims to increase people's understanding and awareness as well as a mediator in resolving the problem of decreasing shrimp yields and the availability of clean water on Bumi Dipasena. Community shrimp yields are below the standard and very much different from the company's harvest. The availability of clean water relies on rainwater which has a time limit for proper use and is a rare item in the dry season. Both of these problems have become major problems and have not been resolved for years. Many reasons are the cause of unresolved problems, starting from costs, the absence of collaboration between communities, and etc. Therefore, they need solutions that are not only effective but can accommodate the interests of the community. So, the alternative solution to the problem of decreasing shrimp yields suggested is the control of community shrimp farm water using a membrane emulsion system and the provision of clean water using a palm fiber system. The two solutions are believed to be realized because they are affordable in terms of costs, the control system is not complex, and the basic material for making the system is produced by the community itself. The reason stimulates the community to be enthusiastic in responding to the two systems offered and wants the system to be realized. Keywords: Membrane Emulsion System, Palm Fiber System

Penjernihan Air Bersih dengan Filter Alami dan Aerasi di Teluk Bakung, Sungai Ambawang, Kubu Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mochamad Hilmy ◽  
Herry Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Service Activity

Fresh water is a vital requirement in human daily life. Teluk Bakung Village relies on fresh water supplies from the Ambawang River and wells made by the community. The condition of well water in Teluk Bakung Village tends to be the color of ground water which is influenced by the roots of trees, blackish brown and high iron content. The purpose of this Community Service activity is to carry out water filtration on gambut soil to improve the condition of fresh water sources at Al-Muhajirin Mosque in Mu'allaf village, Teluk Bakung Village, Sungai Ambawang District, Kubu Raya Regency, Kalimantan Barat as meeting the mosque's needs and the society. The method of applying IPTEKS is by transferring IPTEKS by improving the physical condition of the Al-Muhajirin Mosque building, the application of clean water filtration as well as training the local staffs for operations and maintenance as well as the plumbing network. It is expected that the addition of aeration system groundwater that has iron content will make it clearer than just filtration which has been carried out at that location.

scholarly journals Pengenalan dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Hibrid Membran Terintegrasi untuk Pengolahan Air Bersih

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kristoforus Jawa Bendi ◽  
Fransiska Soejono ◽  
Ian Kurniawan ◽  
Theresia Sunarni ◽  
Yohanes Dicka Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Activity Evaluation ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
Santa Maria

Clean water is one of the problems faced by the Santa Maria Orphanage. To solve this problem, a Community Service Team of the Musi Charitas Catholic University initiated to make a clean water treatment equipment and provide a training for using and maintaining it, and introduced the importance using of clean water for health. The equipment was made by adopting a hybrid membrane technology. It was gived to the manager of the Orphanage and given training to use and maintain it. While the activity evaluation of introducing the importance of clean water for health showed knowledge increasing of participants about 30%.   Salah satu permasalahan yang ditemui di Panti Asuhan Santa Maria adalah ketersediaan air bersih. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa air yang digunakan oleh penghuni Panti Asuhan selama ini tidak memenuhi persyaratan air bersih. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, Tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas berinisiatif membuat alat pengolahan air bersih sekaligus meberikan pelatihan penggunaan dan perawatan alat tersebut, serta memberikan sosialisasi tentang pentingnya menggunakan air bersih bagi kesehatan. Alat pengolahan air bersih tersebut dibuat dengan mengadopsi teknologi membran hibrid. Pada saat pelaksanaan kegiatan, alat tersebut diserahkan kepada pengelola Panti Asuhan dan diberikan pelatihan untuk menggunakan dan merawat alat tersebut. Hasil evaluasi sosialisasi tentang pentingnya air bersih menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta sosialisasi sebesar 30%.

scholarly journals Renovation of MCK to improve community health in pangambatan village, brand district, Karo Sumut regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
Firman Eddy ◽  
Hilma Tamiami Fachrudin ◽  
Imam Faisal Pane ◽  
Hesti Fibriasari
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
The Village ◽  
Improve Community Health

Community service activities are one of the TRI DHARMA university’s obligations. On this occasion, it was reported that community service activities needed improvement in the health sector. The location of this activity is in Pangambatan Village, Kecamatan Merek, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara and this activity is planned to begin in April until September 2019. The problem in the field is to increase the flow of tourists to Kecamatan Merek to make the need for adequate toilet facilities (MCK). Besides that, it was also found that the community's need for clean water and toilets were used daily by the community. The solution offered is to renovate the MCK facilities for the daily needs of the community and in addition to the toilet facilities for tourists who visit to the village. It is hoped that through this activity the problems in the local community can be overcome.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENJERNIHAN AIR DENGAN BANTUAN TENAGA SURYA DAN ANTIMIKROBA KEPADA MASYARAKAT DESA TANJUNG SELAMAT KECAMATAN SUNGGAL KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Isnaini Nurwahyuni ◽  
Riyanto Sinaga ◽  
Rizky Yudha Pratama ◽  
Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Public Consumption

Kebutuhan akan ketersediaan air bersih menjadi tantangan di pedesaan, terutama desa yang belum dijangkau oleh Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM). Salah satu desa yang mengalami masalah ketersediaan air bersih adalah Desa Tanjung Selamat Selamat, Kabupaten deli Serdang. Masyarakat di desa ini hanya mengandalkan air tanah yang berasal dari sumur bor pribadi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah kekeruhan air relatif tinggi, dan tingkat sterilisasi air juga sangat rendah  karena mengandung mikro organisme penyebab penyakit seperti disentri, tipus diare dan sebagainya. Usaha untuk membersihkan air menggunakan asam sitrat sudah dilakukan tetapi tingkat kekeruhan air masih diatas ambang batas. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini diperlukan teknologi tepat guna pengolah air  mengahasilkan  air bersih. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah merancang dan menerapkan teknologi untuk mengolah bahan baku air menjadi air besih untuk konsumsi masyarakat. Pengabdiankepada masyarakat berupa penerapan teknologi  penjernihan air dengan bantuan tenaga surya dan antimikroba dengan bantuan tenaga surya telah dilaksanakan di Perumahan Tanjung Selamat Deli Serdang Tahun 2019. Langkah yang dilakukan adalah survey keberadaan baku air, uji laboratorium mikroba dan uji derajat keasaman. Kualitas baku air sebelum dilaksanakan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tergolong rendah karena memiliki tingkat kekeruhan tinggi, warna kekuningan, derajat keasaman 6, 23 dan mengandung bakteri coliform E.coli, sehingga membutuhkan pengolahan sebelum digunakan menjadi bahan baku air untuk konsumsi domestik dan air minum. Penerapan teknologi tepat guna penjernih dengan bantuan panel surya mampu mengubah air baku yang  menjadi air yang jernih, memilki derajat keasaman 8,6 dan bebas bakteri E.coli. Air yang dihasilkan juga bersifat alkali sehingga baik untuk konsumsi domestik. Masyarakat pengguna air sangat merasakan manfaat teknologi tepat guna penjernih air yang dikembangkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini. Kata kunci: Air bersih, Alat penjernih air, Bebas kekruhan,  Pengabdian kepada masyarakat, Teknologi tepat guna.     Abstract The need for clean water is a challenge in rural areas, especially villages that have not yet been reached by the Regional Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM). One of the villages experiencing problems with the availability of clean water is Tanjung Selamat Housing Village, Deli Serdang Regency. The people in this village rely solely on ground water that comes from private bore wells. The problem faced is that the water is relatively high in turbidity, and the level of water sterilization is also very low because it contains micro-organisms that cause disease such as dysentery, typhoid diarrhea and so on. An efforts to clean water using citrate have been made but the level of turbidity of the water is still above the threshold. To overcome this problem, appropriate technology is needed for water treatment to produce clean water. The purpose of this activity is to design and implement a technology to process raw water into clean water for public consumption. A design of antimicrobial water purification set with the help of solar power has been provided in Tanjung Selamat Deli Serdang Housing in 2019. The steps taken are surveying the existence of water standards, microbial laboratory testing and acidity test. Low quality raw water has obtained in the target village where the water is high turbidity level, yellowish color, acidity level 6, 23 and contains coliform E.coli bacteria, so it requires processing before it is used as raw material for domestic purposes and drinking water. The application of purifying technology with the help of solar panels is able to convert raw water into clear water, has an acidity of 8.6 and is free of E. coli bacteria. The water produced is also alkaline so it is good for domestic consumption. Water user communities really feel the benefits of appropriate water purification technology developed in community service activities.   Keywords: Appropriate technology, Clean water, Community service, Turbidit-free, Water purification equipment.

scholarly journals Training on Making Environmentally Friendly Clean Water Filters Using Used Bottles for Residents of Tegallega Village in Cianjur Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-114
Author(s):  
Rina Rindiani
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Dirty Water ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Activity Method ◽  
Water Filters

Tegallega Village, Warung Kondang District, Cianjur Regency has a problem regarding the availability of clean water, the water used by residents comes from the Cimanceuri River or dug wells where the water is relatively cloudy, even though the use of dirty water has the potential to cause various health problems, such as cholera, dysentery, typhus, and tuberculosis and other diseases. The availability of clean water has always been one of the characteristics of community welfare. How not without clean water it is impossible to realize a prosperous society, a physically and mentally healthy society as a form of participation in developing public health. This activity method in community service uses a follow-up study method with a participatory approach in community service, the team conducts training on how to make simple water filtration that can be used as a source of clean water for families by using plastic bottle waste and other environmentally friendly materials that residents can find around environment in making the dirty water filter. The results of this Community Service Activity went smoothly and were greeted with great enthusiasm by the residents because the practice of making water purification equipment made with materials such as pebbles, coconut fiber, charcoal, fibers, and sponges functioned well from the water which was originally colored cloudy turns to be clearer and odorless.

scholarly journals Kinerja Filter Portabel Tepat Guna dalam Mereduksi Kekeruhan Air Banjir untuk Sanitasi atau MCK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Optimal Filtration ◽  
Local Media

During flood people had difficulties in obtaining clean water for sanitation (toilet). There was plenty of flood water but highly turbid. The water filter required electricity but its power outaged during flood. Filters usually used energy from electricity or gravity. This study evaluated the performance of a new handy-manually operated flood water portable filter. The standard of Permenkes No. 32/2017 was used as a reference. The flood water filter was pressurized by 0.025 kgf/cm2 and 0.051 kgf/cm2 and used local media: gravel, silica sand, anthracite, sponge. The results showed that pressure 0.025 kgf/cm2 was able to reduce turbidity from 220 NTU to 20.17 NTU with efficiency 90.83%. At 0.051 kgf/cm2 the filter was able to reduce turbidity from 220 NTU to 29.67 NTU with efficiency 86.52%. The pressure variation significantly affects the filtrate quality. The filter with pressure 0.025 kgf/cm2 could be applied for optimal filtration and produced 100-150 liters before clogging. This filter still needs to be studied related to physical strength, type and composition of media, portability and volume of water produced. This flood water filter will be an alternative solution for areas that often flood but no electricity or the power outage during flood.

PERENCANAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KAMPUNG FASHION GANG MESJID JALAN LAMBUNG MANGKURAT SAMARINDA OLEH DINAS PARIWISATA KOTA SAMARINDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Elsa Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Institutional Aspect ◽  
Internet Networks

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the planning and development of Kampung Fashion Lambung Mangkurat Street Samarinda by the Samarinda City Tourism Office, to find out and analyze the inhibiting and supporting factors. The results showed that, planning and developing Kampung Fashion Gang Masjid Jalan Lambung Mangkurat Samarinda by the Samarinda City Tourism Office from the institutional aspect in the development of Kampung Fashion, was coordinated by involving how many Dinas and Agency consisting of the PUPR Service, Bappeda, the Trade Service, Dispenda, Cooperatives, SMEs, Subdistricts, Kelurahans, sponsors in the form of CSR so as not to use the APBD and the Indonesian Architects Association who are involved in the arrangement of areas that have mechanisms. Infrastructure aspects related to general needs for the smooth running of the economy included in this group include clean water networks, electricity networks, road networks, drainage, waste systems and telecommunications and internet networks. The aspect of community participation cannot be done alone by the Tourism Office, if it does not get assistance and participation from the community. Planning and development aspects of the Department of Tourism solutions in overcoming the physical aspects of the environment carried out the formation of fashion merchant forums, the formation of youth and youth forums, activation of routine community service activities, annual events/activities of socialization and public education in the fields of hygienes, health, social, defense and security, drugs, religion fire and others.

scholarly journals Edukasi Sanitasi Air Bersih di Lingkungan Perumahan Daerah Rawan Banjir

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Asri Jumadewi ◽  
Orisinal Orisinal ◽  
Herman Kurnaidi ◽  
Masyudi Masyudi
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Community Service Programs ◽  
Water Borne

Air merupakan salah satu komponen yang paling penting dalam kelangsungan kehidupan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Air memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap kesehatan manusia. Air dapat menjadi media dalam penyebaran penyakit yang dikenal dengan water borne disease, tidak terkecuali air minum. Daerah rawan banjir beresiko terhadap timbulnya water borne disease terhadap berbagai penyakit, terutama penyakit berbasis lingkungan seperti diare. Pentingnya sanitasi air bersih dapat menurunkan resiko akibat bencana banjir, dengan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui edukasi Kesehatan lingkungan. Edukasi ini memaparkan suatu pendidikan tentang air bersih. Kegiatan edukasi ini dilakukan di Balai Desa Carak Kecamatan Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Metode menggunakan kuesioner pre-edukasi dan pasca-edukasi, dengan masing-masing 10 pertanyaan, diantaranya tentang sumber air bersih, ketersediaan jamban, pengelolaan sampah, saluran pembuangan air limbah (SPAL) dan drainase. Edukasi memberikan efek terhadap perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan masyarakat tentang sanitasi air bersih, dibuktikan dari jawaban responden. Kesimpulan pengabdian masyarakat ini bahwa responden mengetahui sumber air bersih, memiliki jamban sehat, pengelolaan sampah, saluran pembuangan air limbah (SPAL) dan drainase. Saran agar dinas dan pemerintah terkait memberikan perhatian dan pengawasan terhadap daerah aliran sungai (DAS) saat volume air meningkat, dan pemeliharaan jamban desa bagi yang belum memiliki jamban sendiri. Kata Kunci : edukasi air bersih, sanitasi lingkunganABSTRACTWater is one of the most important components in the continuity of human life and other living things. Water has a direct influence on human health. Water can be a medium for spreading a disease known as water borne disease, including drinking water. Flood-prone areas are at risk of developing water borne disease for various diseases, especially environment-based diseases such as diarrhea. The importance of clean water sanitation can reduce the risk of flood disasters, with community service programs through environmental health education. This education describes an education about clean water. This educational activity was carried out at the Carak Village Hall, Sawang District, South Aceh Regency. The method uses pre-education and post-education questionnaires, with 10 questions each, including about clean water sources, availability of latrines, waste management, sewerage and drainage. Education has an effect on changing people's knowledge, attitudes and actions about clean water sanitation, as evidenced by respondents' answers. The conclusion of this community service is that the respondents know the source of clean water, have healthy latrines, waste management, sewerage and drainage. Suggestions for related agencies and government to pay attention and control to watersheds when the volume of water increases, and maintenance of village latrines for those who do not have their own latrines. Keywords : health education clean water, environmental sanitation

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Listrik Tenaga Surya Sebagai Pasokan Listrik Untuk Menghidupkan Mesin Pompa Air Masyarakat Dusun Cilatak, Desa Sukadana, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Serang, Banten

TERANG ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Dewi Purnama Sari ◽  
Novi Kurniasih ◽  
Alex Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Technology Institute ◽  
Selection Of

The Community Service program activity of the Electricity and Renewable Energy Faculty lecturer team at the PLN Technology Institute for the 2019/2020 fiscal year was carried out in Sukadana village, Ciomas district, Serang region, Banten precisely at RT 011 RW 003 Cilatak hamlet. The selection of Sukadana village as a place to implement Community Service is because this village is still experiencing problems in the construction and development facilities and infrastructure. The problems that are currently being experienced by villagers regarding the clean water distribution for ablution of villagers in the mosque. During this time for ablution in mosque, villagers only rely on water from mountain springs whose distribution relies on gravitational pressure through a plastic hose and accommodated in a large tub located beside the mosque. In addition to being used for ablution, water is also used by villagers to bathing, washing, etc., so that when used for ablution sometimes it is no longer clean because it has been mixed with soapy water used for bathing and washing. Based on those problems, our team provided solution to partner in the form of infrastructure development and clean water supply by reconfiguring the clean water distribution installation for ablution in the mosque by installing solar water pump. The method used in the implementation of this Community Service  activity is to approach the villagers  during the survey through interviews by providing solution to the problem and conducting questionnaires and socialization in the form of a brief education. The results of the activities have been done by installing 2 units of DC water pump @180 Watt, 4 units of polycrystalline solar modules @100 Wp, 2 units of battery @100 Ah 12 V and 2 units of solar charge controller. With the implementation of Community Service activities in Sukadana village, aside from being able to help overcome the problems faced by partner, besides that it can provide progress and development of infrastructure for partner village and the existence of a partnership that makes that village as IT PLN assisted village.

scholarly journals Improving clean water access for fishermen communities in Khaidir village environment 6 Nelayan Indah sub-district Medan Labuhan district Medan city

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-246
Author(s):  
Surya Dharma ◽  
Irnawati Marsaulina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Healthy Life

The Community Service Program (PPM) aims to improve the knowledge and skills of coastal communities through water filter science and technology by using media consisting of quartz sand, 1-3 cm diameter gravel, activated charcoal and alum. Long-term goals can improve the quality of life and avoid people from waterborne diseases so that the degree of public health improves. This community service was carried out in Kampung Khaidir Lingkungan 6 Kelurahan Nelayana Indah, Medan Labuhan District, Medan City. In order to achieve these objectives several stages of activities are carried out. First is the initial survey activity to find out the location for the drilling of the well that will be used by the local community. The second stage is to build a Bor well unit. The third stage socializes the use of Bor wells access to clean water and changes people's behavior so they behave in a clean and healthy life. This community service program is carried out within 6 months. The targets and outcomes of this program are: (1). Access to Bor wells Clean Water. The community masters the science and technology of making Bor wells to be a source of water that meets health requirements as well as meeting the need for clean water for 22 Fishermen Families in Kampung khaidir Neighborhood 6 Kelurahan Indah Fishermen District Medan Labuha District. (2). The Clean and Healthy Life Behavior of the community increases based on the posttest and observation of the living environment. (3). The decreasing prevalence of diseases transmitted through water media such as diarrhea, skin diseases so that the degree of public health increases and community productivity also increases.

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