Weekly Bone Loading Exercise Effects on a Healthy Subjects Strength, Bone Density, and Bone Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Ann Tsung ◽  
Daniel Jupiter ◽  
John Jaquish ◽  
Jean Sibonga
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bone Biomarkers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Bone Loading ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Increased Strength

BACKGROUND: Bone density loss affects astronauts in long-duration spaceflight. The OsteoStrong Company has shown increased hip (14.95%) and lumbar (16.6%) area bone mineral density (aBMD) after 6 mo of exercises with their loading devices. The devices were tested on one subject as a pilot study.CASE REPORT: The subject performed 15 min of osteogenic exercises weekly for 24 wk. Total and regional aBMD, BAP (bone formation biomarker), NTX (bone resorption biomarker), forces exerted on devices, and weekly maximum weights lifted were collected. The control data was the subjects own lifting records 1.5 yr prestudy. The subject increased forces exerted on the devices in the upper extremity (97%, 197 to 390 kg; 435 to 859 lb), lower extremity (43%, 767 to 1097 kg; 1690 to 2418 lb), and spinal compression (22%, 275 to 336 kg; 607 to 740 lb). The monthly strength gain rate increased for snatch (2.3 vs. 0.71 kg; 5 vs. 1.56 lb), clean and jerk (2.5 vs. 0.4 kg; 5.5 vs. 0.88 lb), back squat (3.74 vs. 0 kg; 8.25 vs. 0 lb), front squat (2.15 vs. 0.2 kg; 4.75 vs. 0.47 lb), and deadlift (3.97 vs. 1.09 kg; 8.75 vs. 2.4 lb). The BAP increased by 39% (10.4 to 14.5 4 ug L1) and NTX decreased by 41% (13.4 to 7 nmol L1 BME). aBMD increased in the head (6%), arms (4.3%), trunk (6.3%), ribs (3.8%), and pelvis (11%). There were no differences in body weight, legs, spine, and whole-body aBMD on the full-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There were no differences in lumbar, hip, and femoral neck aBMD on the regional DXA.DISCUSSION: The osteogenic loading apparatus used for 15 min weekly increased strength for the one individual in this preliminary study. Future studies on astronauts and other healthy populations are necessary.Tsung A, Jupiter D, Jaquish J, Sibonga J. Weekly bone loading exercise effects on a healthy subjects strength, bone density, and bone biomarkers. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021;92(3):201206.

Decreased Bone Density in Adolescent Girls With Anorexia Nervosa

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Bachrach ◽  
David Guido ◽  
Debra Katzman ◽  
Iris F. Litt ◽  
Robert Marcus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Control Subjects

Osteoporosis develops in women with chronic anorexia nervosa. To determine whether bone mass is reduced in younger patients as well, bone density was studied in a group of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa. With single- and dual-photon absorptiometry, a comparison was made of bone mineral density of midradius, lumbar spine, and whole body in 18 girls (12 to 20 years of age) with anorexia nervosa and 25 healthy control subjects of comparable age. Patients had significantly lower lumbar vertebral bone density than did control subjects (0.830 ± 0.140 vs 1.054 ± 0.139 g/cm2) and significantly lower whole body bone mass (0.700 ± 0.130 vs 0.955 ± 0.130 g/cm2). Midradius bone density was not significantly reduced. Of 18 patients, 12 had bone density greater than 2 standard deviations less than normal values for age. The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa had been made less than 1 year earlier for half of these girls. Body mass index correlated significantly with bone mass in girls who were not anorexic (P < .05, .005, and .0001 for lumbar, radius, and whole body, respectively). Bone mineral correlated significantly with body mass index in patients with anorexia nervosa as well. In addition, age at onset and duration of anorexia nervosa, but not calcium intake, activity level, or duration of amenorrhea correlated significantly with bone mineral density. It was concluded that important deficits of bone mass occur as a frequent and often early complication of anorexia nervosa in adolescence. Whole body is considerably more sensitive than midradius bone density as a measure of cortical bone loss in this illness. Low body mass index is an important predictor of this reduction in bone mass.

An appropriate biomechanical model of seated human subjects exposed to whole-body vibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 146441932110394
Author(s):  
Raj Desai ◽  
Anirban Guha ◽  
Pasumarthy Seshu
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Long duration automobile-induced vibration is the cause of many ailments to humans. Predicting and mitigating these vibrations through seat requires a good model of seated human body. A good model is the one that strikes the right balance between modelling difficulty and simulation results accuracy. Increasing the number of body parts which have been separately modelled and increasing the number of ways these parts are connected to each other increase the number of degrees of freedom of the entire model. A number of such models have been reported in the literature. These range from simple lumped parameter models with limited accuracy to advanced models with high computational cost. However, a systematic comparison of these models has not been reported till date. This work creates eight such models ranging from 8 to 26 degrees of freedom and tries to identify the model which strikes the right balance between modelling complexity and results accuracy. A comparison of the models’ prediction with experimental data published in the literature allows the identification of a 12 degree of freedom backrest supported model as optimum for modelling complexity and prediction accuracy.

Relationship among running mileage, bone density, and serum testosterone in male runners

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. MacDougall ◽  
C. E. Webber ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
S. Ormerod ◽  
A. Chesley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Density Measurements

Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between running volume and bone mineral mass in adult male runners. Whole body and regional bone mineral density were determined by dual-photon absorptiometry in 22 sedentary controls and 53 runners who were selected according to their running mileage to fall into a 5- to 10-, 15- to 20-, 25- to 30-, 40- to 55-, or 60- to 75-mile/wk group. All groups were of similar age (20–45 yr) and nutritional status, as determined by 7-day food records. Regional sites for bone density measurements included the trunk, spine, pelvis, thighs, and lower legs. In addition, serum total testosterone was determined in each subject and computed tomography scans were made of the lower legs in 34 subjects to assess bone cross-sectional area. No significant differences were detected for bone density measurements with the exception of the lower legs where it was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater for the 15- to 20-mile/wk group than for the control and 5- to 10-mile/wk groups. With mileage greater than 20 miles/wk, bone density of the lower legs showed no further increase and, in fact, tended to decrease, so that for the 60- to 75-mile/wk group it was similar to that of the controls. Cross-sectional area of the tibia and fibula when normalized to body weight tended to be greater as weekly mileage increased and was significantly greater in the 40- to 55-mile/wk runners than in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Impact of Training Load on Bone Mineral Density of Adolescent Swimmers: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete ◽  
Santiago Maillane-Vanegas ◽  
Kyle R. Lynch ◽  
Bruna Turi-Lynch ◽  
Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density

Purpose:To investigate the mediating effect of muscle mass on the relationship between training load and bone density in adolescent swimmers.Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 87 control and 22 swimmers aged 10–19 years (overall sample:n = 109). Swimmers had a minimum of 1 year of competition in regional and national championships, and control adolescents reported 1 year without any organized sport. Bone density was the main outcome (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), which was measured in upper limbs, lower limbs, spine, and whole body. Monthly training load was the independent variable, while the mediation effect of lean soft tissue was assessed. Maturity offset, age, inflammation, and vitamin D intake were treated as covariates.Results:Swimmers had lower bone density than controls; there was a significant and positive relationship between training load and muscle mass. In boys, training load presented a negative correlation with bone density in lower limbs [r = −.293; 95% confidence interval (CI), −.553 to −.034]. In girls, training load was negatively related to bone mineral density in lower limbs (r = .563; 95% CI, −.770 to −.356) and whole body (r = −.409; 95% CI, −.609 to −.209).Conclusion:Training load had a negative relationship on bone density of swimmers of both sexes, independently of the positive effect of lean soft tissue on bone density.

scholarly journals Dietary long-chain inulin reduces abdominal fat but has no effect on bone density in growing female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Jamieson ◽  
Natasha R. Ryz ◽  
Carla G. Taylor ◽  
Hope A. Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Long Chain

New strategies to improve Ca absorption and bone health are needed to address the current state of osteoporosis prevention and management. Inulin-type fructans have shown great promise as a dietary intervention strategy, but have not yet been tested in a young female model. Our objective was to investigate the effect of long chain (LC) inulin on bone mineralization and density in growing, female rats, as well as the quality of growth. Weanling Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to inulin or cellulose treatments for either 4 or 8 weeks. Growth was measured weekly and quality of growth assessed using fat pad weights and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Whole body (WB) and selected regions were analysed for bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition by DXA. Serum markers of bone turnover were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Ca and P concentrations were determined in excised femurs by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Feeding inulin resulted in 4 % higher femoral weight (adjusted for body weight) and 6 % less feed intake. Inulin did not affect WB or regional BMD, but was associated with a 28 % lower parametrial fat pad mass, 21 % less WB fat mass and 5 % less WB mass. In summary, LC-inulin lowered body fat mass, without consequence to bone density in growing female rats.

Evaluating the Skidding Incidence During the Application of Different Parameters of Whole Body Vibration in Healthy Subjects with Normal Body Mass Index: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Amin Yoosefinejad ◽  
Sara Shabakhti ◽  
Tahereh Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Context Whole body vibration is a fairly new method with an incremental attention in the fields of sport and rehabilitation. It’s therapeutic and physiologic effects seems to be related to determined parameters like frequency, amplitude, and the position of the subject on the platform. One of the recommended items to be evaluated in studies involving whole body vibration is the skidding of feet. Few studies have reported the incidence of skidding so far. Objective To investigate the skidding occurrence in a group of healthy subjects with normal range of body mass index. Design Cross sectional study Setting Biomechanics lab of the School of Rehabilitation sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Participants Thirty healthy individuals with age range between 18 and 40 years and body mass index between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 Intervention Twelve different conditions including three different frequencies (20, 30, and 45 Hz), high (3 mm) and low (1.5 mm) amplitudes, and two standing positions (erect and semi squat positions) were evaluated. Main outcome measure incidence of skidding Results The incidence percentage varied from 0 to 36%. The highest incidence rate pertained to a condition during which the frequency was 30 Hz, the amplitude was 3 mm, and the subject stood erect on the platform. The skidding did not occur in two of the conditions involving erect standing, frequency equal to 45 Hz, amplitude of 1.5 mm and semi-squat position, frequency equal 20 Hz, and amplitude of 1.5 mm. Conclusion It seems that different parameters such as standing position, selected amplitude, BMI, and frequency rather than a single factor might influence the incidence of skidding.

scholarly journals Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Korean Adult Population Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8469
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Chong Hoon Lee ◽  
Dong Wha Chung ◽  
Hee Joo Lee ◽  
Jae Yong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a reliable and accurate measurement of bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density; BMD) of the whole body and selected body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total BMD of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 0.98 g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.20 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 1.17 g g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. The decrease in age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with both age and body mass index, and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent a reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

Abstract P168: Vitamin D Status does not influence Bone Density in Africans

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline K Thoreson ◽  
Michelle Y O'Connor ◽  
Madia Ricks ◽  
Stephanie T Chung ◽  
James C Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Dxa Scans ◽  
Relationship Of

Without regard to race, the Institute of Medicine states that to protect bone health vitamin D, measured as 25(OH)D, should be >20 ng/mL while levels of 12-19 ng/mL are inadequate and levels of <12 ng/mL are deficient. However, even when 25(OH)D levels are low, bone mineral density (BMD) is not compromised in African-Americans. The relationship of 25(OH)D levels to BMD in Africans is unknown. Therefore 78 African immigrants to the United States (77% male, median age 35y, age range 22-63y (95% CI: 36, 40)) had 25(OH)D levels and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Distribution of 25(OH)D levels by quartile was determined (Fig. 1). The distribution of whole body BMD across quartiles of 25(OH)D was assessed (Fig. 2). Median 25(0H)D levels was 21 ng/mL (95% CI: 20, 23) with 47% having 25(OH)D<20 ng/mL and 8% having 25(OH)D <12 ng/mL. BMD did not change across quartiles of 25(OH)D (Fig. 2). Spearman correlation between BMD and 25(OH)D was r =0.1, P=0.5. As there was no relationship between vitamin D levels and BMD, low 25(OH)D levels are not a predictor of low bone density in Africans.

Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Koran Adult population using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Hee-Joo Lee ◽  
Jaeyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measuring tool is a reliable and accurate technology to measure bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density) of the whole body and representative body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total bone mineral density (BMD) of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.14 g/㎠ in Group B, and 0.98 g/㎠ in Group C. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.20 g/㎠ in Group B, and 1.17 g/㎠ in Group C. As a result, the reduction of age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with aging and body mass index(BMI), and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

scholarly journals Assessing the Association between Leptin and Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Madhu N. Rao ◽  
Morris Schambelan ◽  
Viva W. Tai ◽  
Donald I. Abrams ◽  
Hootan Khatami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

HIV-infected individuals are at risk for decreased bone mineral density (BMD). The known risk factors for bone loss do not fully explain the increased risk in this population. There is emerging evidence that leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, plays an important role in bone metabolism. Several studies have assessed the relationship between leptin and bone density in healthy adults, but there are few such studies in HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, HIV infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk for altered fat distribution, which may impact the relationship between leptin and BMD. In a cross-sectional analysis of data in 107 HIV-infected men, we determined whether serum leptin levels were associated with whole-body BMD and bone mineral content measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), after adjusting for confounders including body fat distribution. We found an inverse association between leptin and bone density in those with peripheral lipoatrophy, defined objectively as <3 kg appendicular fat by DEXA, but no such relationship was seen in those with >3 kg appendicular fat. This result suggests that fat distribution may modify the relationship between leptin and bone density.

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