THEORETICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FOREST RESOURCES USE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
MARINA BULGAKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
Living Organisms

Modern society operates in an unstable economy, regularly emerging crisis phenomena, the formation of which is facilitated not only by various financial instruments, socio-economic factors, wars, natural disasters, but also by life forms, which spread infections to living organisms, parasitizing and using foreign cells for survival. The present article considers the concepts of «economic growth» and «economic efficiency» in order to identify the theoretical basis for the effective exploitation of forests, as a natural resource whose reserves are declining. The analysis of economic models, including those authored by Nobel Prize winners, made it possible to identify fundamental problems, the implementation of which, in the context of national interests, allows, regardless of the economic structure, to maintain a stable level of economic activity using a natural resource. The economic worldview of contemporaries, the transformation of human behaviors under the influence of forced isolation measures, formalism and the short time frame for finding ideas to overcome crises, contributed to the formation of philosophically oriented theories of the emergence of crisis phenomena in the economy, as well as the lack of a deep study of methods and tools of modern models and theories. Analyzing the structure of forest management in Russia, coupled with approaches to charging for the use of the resource, the author concludes that the ideas of an economic philosophy of efficient forest management were not only developed by the beginning of the 20th century, but also experimentally tested, bringing benefits and results in the form of significant amounts of budget replenishment, subsequently directed to the development of science, technology and the improvement of social security for forestry workers.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

The theoretical background for the effective development of beef raising

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1738-1749
Author(s):  
N.L. Titov ◽  
M.M. Nizamutdinov ◽  
G.S. Klychova
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

Subject. This article explores the theoretical basis of the economic efficiency of production and classifies the performance figures of beef cattle husbandry. Objectives. The article aims to define a system of indicators of beef cattle husbandry economic efficiency. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. To assess the economic efficiency of agriculture production, it is necessary to use a set of indicators by beef cattle breeding sub-sector. The system of economic performance indicators of production needs to be transformed into a summarizing indicator. The results of the study can be applied in the theory and practice of determining the economic efficiency of the beef cattle industry.

Integration of Human/Social Dimensions into the Traditional European Model of Natural Resource Education and Management

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (8) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
James J. Kennedy ◽  
Niels Elers Koch
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Western World ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Natural Resource Managers ◽  
Rural Ecosystem ◽  
Professional Roles And Responsibilities

The increasing diversity, complexity and dynamics of ecosystem values and uses over the last 50 years requires new ways for natural resource managers (foresters, wildlife biologists, etc.)to understand and relate to their professional roles and responsibilities in accommodating urban and rural ecosystem users, and managing the complimentary and conflicting interactions between them. Three stages in Western-world natural resources management are identified and analyzed, beginning with the (1) Traditional stage: natural resources first, foremost and forever, to (2) Transitional stage: natural resource management,for better or worse, involves people, to (3) Relationship stage: managing natural resources for valued people and ecosystem relationships. The impacts of these three perspectives on how natural resource managers view and respond to ecosystems,people and other life-forms is basic and can be profound.

Market, timber pricing, and forest management

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Optimal Resource ◽  
Social Optimality

Some resource economists and policy-makers believe that market mechanisms in general and timber pricing through auctions specifically are the only solutions for forest management in Canada. In this paper, simple economic concepts of market, economic efficiency, and social optimality are discussed, and the specific features of forest resources and sustainable forest management and their implications for optimal resource allocation through the market are highlighted. Economic theory behind competitive timber pricing in two geographical regions is presented to demonstrate that in a competitive setting, the prices of timber need not be the same in the two regions. Timber pricing mechanisms used by different countries are summarized, and auctions, their limitations, and some important outcomes of timber auctions by the United States Forest Service are discussed. Market performances of residual value and auction-based timber pricing are compared. On the basis of these discussions, it is inferred that sustainable forest management cannot be achieved either by the market or by government-controlled mechanisms only. An optimal-mix of the market and government-controlled mechanisms is the only answer to achieve sustainable forest management. Key words: auction, Canada, economic efficiency, market, residual value, social optimality, sustainable forest management, timber pricing

Colonial Plunder and the Failure of Restitution in Postwar Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-624
Author(s):  
Christine Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
Cultural Hierarchy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Artistic Achievement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Academic Resources

This article evaluates the US ‘Monuments Men’ operations in Korea, focusing on wartime and postwar efforts undertaken by the government of the USA to preserve and restore artwork seized by Japan. The Asian initiative, conceived a year after the European model was established, likewise drew upon cultural, intellectual, and academic resources. Yet fundamental differences in personnel, perceptions of Korean cultural backwardness, prevailing imperialist attitudes, and Cold War sensibilities rendered a very different kind of project. Ultimately the ‘Monuments Men’ succeeded primarily in preserving the cultural patrimony of Japan, but it failed to recover any plundered objects from Korea, or the rest of Asia for that matter. Focusing on the US deliberations regarding repatriation of Korean looted art, this article lays bare both the US preoccupation with maintaining the national interests of its newest ally, and exposes an understanding of East Asian cultural hierarchy that privileged Japan’s artistic achievement and modern society above all.

Article Commentary: Regulation of Protein Function by Residue Oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. PRI.S3327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Hai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Methionine Residues ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Face Generation

A majority of extant life forms require O2 to survive and thrive. Oxidation is inevitably one of the most active cellular processes and one constant challenge that living organisms must face. Generation of oxidants including reactive oxygen species is a natural consequence of cellular metabolism of all biological systems during normal life cycle under different environments. These oxidants oxidize many biological macromolecules such as proteins and affect their functions. Oxidation of specific amino acids in proteins may cause damage to protein structure and impair function, or may also activate protein activities and promote cellular metabolism. As an example, the reversible oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues has a profound impact on protein function and cellular process. A recent study that examines the effect of Met oxidation on Ser phosphorylation in a mitochondrial enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase, provides another demonstration that protein oxidation is an important regulatory mechanism for organisms to deal with developmental and environmental challenges throughout life processes.

Study on Ecological Value of Sustainable Development Based on China's Ancient Great Thinker's Thought on Ecological Ethics

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Shi Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

Ecology is the science of studying the relationship between the living organisms and their environment. And the Environmental Science, which reveals the basic law of the harmonious development of society, economy and environment, is the discipline studying the interaction of people and environment. Ecology is not only the basic disciplines of environmental science, but also the scientifically recognized theoretical basis of environmental ethics. Tsunzi, a master on the Confucianism, one of the most distinguished Confucianists of the pre-Qin period, made the conception of sustainable development penetrate into his ecological ethics thoughts on the basis of philosophical thinking-Nature has its true law. If we hackle, inherit, comprehend, and utilize critically Tsunzis thought on ecological ethics, there will be some significant enlightening value for us to not only establish the theory of environmental ethics but also solve the increasing ecological crises facing humanity.

On the applicability of dialetheism and philosophy of identity to the definition of life

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera M. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Definition Of Life ◽  
Individual Organism ◽  
Numerical Identity ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractWe have found that the principles of dialetheism, which state that some contradictions (typically at the limits of a system) may be true, and which amply demonstrate the limits of thought and conception, can be valuable in sorting out and clarifying some astrobiological problems that impede our ability to define life. The examples include the classification of viruses as alive or not alive, and the description of the transition zone for the abiotic-to-biotic transition. Dialetheism gives us the philosophical tool to state that the viruses may be both alive and not alive, and that chemical systems may exist that are both abiotic and biotic.We have extracted some philosophical principles of the identity and have applied them to the identity of living organisms and their life forms. The first and most important idea is that we should define an individual organism via its numerical identity. For each organism its identity will be in relation to itself. As the organism undergoes various changes during its development, and as it transitions from one to the next of its life forms, one can observe numerous qualitative differences between these life forms. Although the life forms change and the organism is in a flux, what remains constant is the numerical identity of the organism. If the organism reproduces, for example by a fission mode, then the daughter cells will have their own numerical identity. We can state that the life of an organism is a sum of all its life forms over the period of time of the existence of the organism. Reproduction, particularly by fission, represents an identity dilemma, but it can be resolved by Gallois' occasional identities theory.

scholarly journals Cultura andina en la narrativa de la modernización de la Lima criolla

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Roberto Reyes Tarazona
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Julio Ramon Ribeyro

ResumenEl significativo crecimiento demográfico de Lima a partir de los años cincuenta tiene como base el desplazamiento de un número creciente de inmigrantes de la región andina hacia ella, principalmente de origen campesino. En las primeras oleadas, los limeños de toda condición social ponían desde reparos hasta rechazo a la presencia de estos inmigrantes, con escasa o nula experiencia urbana y arraigadas prácticas culturales originarias. Esto sucede en el contexto de favorables cambios en la economía y la aspiración a copiar formas de vida propios de una sociedad moderna. El impacto social y cultural en una ciudad en tránsito a la modernización va a ser el motivo de historias plasmadas en los cuentos y novelas de los escritores de esos años, principalmente de Enrique Congrains. A su obra, representativa de este fenómeno, se suman personajes e historias en la obra de Julián Huanay y Julio Ramón Ribeyro,entre otros. Palabras clave: ciudad criolla, migrantes andinos, experiencia urbana, cultura originaria. AbstractThe significant population growth of Lima from the 1950s is based on the displacement of an increasing number of immigrants from the Andean region towards the capital, mainly from a peasant population. In the first waves, people from Lima of all social status made everything from qualms to rejection to the presence of these immigrants, with little or no urban experience and ingrained original cultural practices. This happens in the context of favorable changes in the economy and the aspiration to reproduce life forms typical of a modern society. The social and cultural impact in a city in the transition to modernization will be the reason for stories embodied in the tales and novels of the writers of those years, mainly Enrique Congrains. To his work, which is representative of this phenomenon, are added characters and stories in the work of Julián Huanay and Julio Ramón Ribeyro, among others. Keywords: Creole city, Andean migrants, urban experience, native culture.

scholarly journals Improving The Level of Critical Infrastructure Protection by Developing Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Alin Cîrdei
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Critical Infrastructure Protection ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Cascading Effects

Abstract Modern society is characterized by the increasing interdependence between the actors of the international environment, in the conditions of globalization of all the fields of social life. Increasing interdependencies, together with the emergence of new risks and threats, which attempt to exploit systemic vulnerabilities, which are increasingly numerous and difficult to eliminate, bring a new issue to states and other security environment actors: to ensure the protection the infrastructure elements that are indispensable to the normal activity of the population, economic agents, nongovernmental organizations and state institutions. Critical Infrastructure Protection becomes an important point on the agenda of all decision-makers who are in a position to counter the asymmetric threats that jeopardize national interests and democratic values. Due to the multiplication of risks and threats and the multiplication of interdependencies between the various infrastructure elements, the protection of critical infrastructures can not be achieved effectively only by ensuring their physical protection. The cascading effects of a disturbance can be felt at the level of society as a whole, and it is therefore necessary to address the issue of ensuring the protection of critical infrastructures in a comprehensive manner including infrastructure and community resilience issues.

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